scholarly journals Multiple-Type Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Prevalence of Specific Types in 309,000 Women Referred for HPV Testing at the Time of Cervical Cytology

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1295-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Louise Dickson ◽  
Rachel Isaksson Vogel ◽  
Robin L. Bliss ◽  
Levi S. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Multiple Type

ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of multiple-type cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, and whether any types are involved in multiple-type infections more or less frequently than might be expected if these infections occur randomly.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis of type-specific HPV testing, results from women 18 to 65 years old with samples collected between July 2007 and May 2011 were considered.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to model the presence of each of the 24 most prevalent HPV types, adjusting for one other HPV type, age, laboratory region, and age-by-region interactions.ResultsHuman papillomavirus infection was present in 74,543 (24.1%) of 309,471 women and 65,492 (21.1%) were positive for one of the top 24 most prevalent HPV types. The most common HPV type was type 16, occurring in 4.1% of the entire sample. A total of 14,181 women were positive for 2 or more HPV types (4.6% of entire sample and 19.0% of HPV-positive sample). Two-way HPV type comparisons were analyzed. Types 52, 53, 81, and 83 were more likely to occur in multiple infections with other types; and types 16, 58, and 66 were less likely to occur in multiple infections with other types. Human papillomavirus types 72 and 81 have the strongest positive relationship (odds ratio, 5.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.6–7.4). Human papillomavirus types 33 and 66 have the strongest negative relationship (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–0.6).ConclusionsIn this population, multiple-type HPV infections were present in 4.6% of all women. Our findings suggest that there may be both competitive and cooperative interactions between HPV types.

scholarly journals Clinical and Analytical Performance of the Onclarity HPV Assay Using the VALGENT Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 3272-3279 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Cuschieri ◽  
D. T. Geraets ◽  
C. Moore ◽  
W. Quint ◽  
E. Duvall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade ◽  
Screening Population ◽  
Relative Specificity ◽  
Hpv Types

As the demand for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical screening increases, emerging HPV tests must be evaluated robustly using well-annotated samples, such as those generated in the Validation of HPV Genotyping Tests (VALGENT) framework. Through VALGENT, we assessed the performance of the BD Onclarity HPV assay, which detects 14 high-risk (HR) types and resolves six individual types and three groups of types. Consecutive samples from a screening population (n= 1,000), enriched with cytologically abnormal samples (n= 300), that had been tested previously with the GP5+/6+ PCR enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and the GP5+/6+ PCR LMNX assay (Diassay) were tested with the Onclarity assay. Type-specific HPV prevalences were analyzed according to age and cytological result. The accuracy of the Onclarity assay for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+) and CIN3+ was assessed relative to the GP5+/6+ EIA results by using noninferiority criteria. Overall agreement and type-specific agreement between the Onclarity assay and the GP5+/6+ LMNX assay were assessed. The prevalence of HPV types 16, 18, 31, and 45 increased with the severity of cytological results (Pfor trend, <0.05). For the detection of CIN2+, the Onclarity assay had a relative sensitivity of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.05;P< 0.001 for noninferiority) and a relative specificity of 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.00;P= 0.186 for noninferiority). The kappa for agreement between the Onclarity assay and the GP5+/6+ LMNX assay for HR-HPV was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89 to 0.94), and values for the six individual types ranged from 0.78 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.87) for HPV-52 to 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93 to 0.99) for HPV-16. These data suggest that the Onclarity assay offers applications for clinical workstreams while providing genotyping information that may be useful for risk stratification beyond types 16 and 18.

scholarly journals Human Papillomavirus Type Distribution and Correlation with Cyto-Histological Patterns in Women from the South of Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Menegazzi ◽  
Luisa Barzon ◽  
Giorgio Palù ◽  
Elisa Reho ◽  
Luigi Tagliaferro
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
The South ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific distribution was evaluated in genital samples collected from 654 women from the South of Italy undergoing voluntary screening and correlated with cyto-histological abnormalities. HPV DNA was detected in 45.9% of the samples, 41.7% of which had multiple infection and 89.0% had high-risk HPV infection. The prevalence of HPV infection and the rate of multiple infections decreased with age, suggesting natural selection of HPV types with better fitness. In line with other Italian studies, the most common HPV types were HPV-6 and HPV-16, followed by HPV-51, HPV-31, HPV-53, and HPV-66, in women with both normal and abnormal cytology. Cervical intraepithelial lesions grade 2 or 3 were associated with high-risk HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31, and HPV-51 infection. These data indicate that prophylactic HPV vaccination is expected to reduce the burden of HPV-related cervical lesions in this population, but also suggest the potential utility of new vaccines with larger type coverage.

Acceptability of self-sampling in Portuguese women: the good, the bad or the ugly?

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Silva ◽  
Fátima Cerqueira ◽  
Rui Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Participation

Background: Self-sampling is a less costly approach that has been used for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 313 Portuguese women assessed the acceptability of cervicovaginal self-sampling. Results: Self-sampling was a well-accepted method [75.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 70.5–80.2], and the majority of women felt no pain (67.4%; 95% CI 61.9–72.5), no discomfort (70.9%; 95% CI 65.5–75.8) and no complexity (76.4%; 95% CI 71.2–80.9). The willingness to repeat self-sampling was high (89.5%; 95% CI 85.4–92.5). Compared to physician-sampling, women reported a preference for self-sampling (58.1%; 95% CI 52.5–63.6), as it was more comfortable (67.1%; 95% CI 61.5–72.2) and caused less pain (16.3%; 95% CI 12.5–20.9) and embarrassment (13.4%; 95% CI 9.9–17.8). Conclusion: Offering self-sampling for HPV testing may improve screening participation rates and overcome women’s embarrassment regarding physician examination.

scholarly journals Retrospective Investigation of Factors Influencing Time-dependent Changes in Serum Magnesium Levels in Patients Receiving Cetuximab

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaito Yamashiro ◽  
Atsushi Hirata ◽  
Ryosuke Ota ◽  
Fumihiko Ogata ◽  
Takehiro Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Baseline Serum

Abstract Background: Cetuximab causes electrolyte abnormalities, such as hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia. However, little is known about the relationships between the onset of hypomagnesemia, patient background before administration, and time-dependent changes in serum magnesium levels. Therefore, we examined the patient backgrounds that influenced the onset of hypomagnesemia and the time-dependent changes in serum magnesium levels in patients receiving cetuximab. Methods: A retrospective study was performed to investigate patients with advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer or head and neck cancer, treated with a cetuximab regimen from 2012 to 2020 at Kindai University Nara Hospital. In total, 52 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Results: The serum magnesium levels tended to decline with an increasing number of cetuximab administrations. After two administrations of cetuximab, the serum magnesium level was significantly lower in the hypomagnesemia group than in the non-hypomagnesemia group (p < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the baseline serum sodium levels (odds ratio: 0.729, 95% confidence interval: 0.552–0.963) and the combination of magnesium oxide tablet (odds ratio: 0.997, 95% confidence interval: 0.995–0.999) were one of the independent factors for hypomagnesemia. These results indicated that the two administrations of cetuximab may cause magnesium deficiency even if the serum levels are within the normal range. Additionally, hyponatremia before administration may be an indicator of serum magnesium levels after administration of cetuximab.Conclusion: Cetuximab-induced hypomagnesemia may be predicted using baseline serum sodium levels, and hypomagnesemia may be prevented by administration of magnesium oxide tablets. Our findings provided new evidence for the management of serum magnesium levels in patients receiving cetuximab.

scholarly journals Postoperative Spinal Subdural Lesions Following Lumbar Spine Surgery: Prevalence and Risk Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukitaka Nagamoto ◽  
Shota Takenaka ◽  
Hiroyuki Aono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Lumbar Spine Surgery ◽  
Decompression Surgery ◽  
Mr Images

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Retrospective case–control study</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To clarify the prevalence and risk factors for spinal subdural lesions (SSDLs) following lumbar spine surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Because SSDLs, including arachnoid cyst and subdural hematoma, that develop following spinal surgery are seldom symptomatic and require reoperation, there are few reports on these pathologies. No study has addressed the prevalence and risk factors for SSDLs following lumbar spine surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We conducted a retrospective analysis of the magnetic resonance (MR) images and medical records of 410 patients who underwent lumbar decompression surgery with or without instrumented fusion for degenerative disorders. SSDLs were classified into three grades: grade 0, no obvious lesion; grade 1, cystic lesion; and grade 2, lesions other than a cyst. Grading was based on the examination of preoperative and postoperative MR images. The prevalence of SSDLs per grade was calculated and risk factors were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Postoperative SSDLs were identified in 123 patients (30.0%), with 50 (12.2%) and 73 (17.8%) patients being classified with grade 1 and 2 SSDLs, respectively. Among these, one patient was symptomatic, requiring hematoma evacuation because of the development of incomplete paraplegia. Bilateral partial laminectomy was a significantly independent risk factor for SSDLs (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–1.92; <italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001). In contrast, a unilateral partial laminectomy was a protective factor (odds ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.46; <italic>p</italic>=0.002).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The prevalence rate of grade 1 SSDLs was 30%, with no associated clinical symptoms observed in all but one patient. Bilateral partial laminectomy increases the risk for SSDLs, whereas unilateral partial laminectomy is a protective factor.</p></sec>

Peripheral artery disease is associated with frailty in chronic hemodialysis patients

Vascular ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiro Okuyama ◽  
Hidemi Takeuchi ◽  
Haruhito A Uchida ◽  
Yuki Kakio ◽  
Yuka Okuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease

Objectives The clinical condition of frailty is a common problem in the elderly population. However, the relationship between peripheral artery disease and frailty in hemodialysis patients remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between peripheral artery disease and frailty in Japanese chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods A total of 362 chronic hemodialysis patients who regularly visited six institutions were enrolled. To evaluate frailty, the modified Fried’s frailty phenotype adjusted for Japanese were used. Peripheral artery disease was defined as ankle-brachial index <0.9. Results Of 362 patients, 62 patients (17.1%) were categorized as peripheral artery disease group and 300 patients (82.9%) as Non-peripheral artery disease group. The prevalence of frailty in the peripheral artery disease group was significantly higher than in the Non-peripheral artery disease group (34% vs. 18%, P = 0.0103). Non-shunt side grip strength was significantly stronger in the Non-peripheral artery disease group (23.6 kg vs. 17.0 kg, P < 0.0001). Thigh circumferences were also significantly larger in the Non-peripheral artery disease group (41.7 cm vs. 39.7 cm, P = 0.0054). A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the factors independently associated with peripheral artery disease were as follows: frailty (odds ratio = 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.09–3.89) and myocardial infarction (odds ratio = 3.74, 95% confidence interval 2.05–6.83). Conclusions It is concluded that peripheral artery disease is closely associated with frailty in hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals Stability Study of Cervical Specimens Collected by Swab and Stored Dry Followed by Human Papillomavirus DNA Detection Using the cobas 4800 Test

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Qing Lin ◽  
Xi Zeng ◽  
Jian-Feng Cui ◽  
Guang-Dong Liao ◽  
Ze-Ni Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Hpv Dna Testing ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Hpv Types

ABSTRACTSafer, more convenient methods for cervical sample collection and storage are necessary to facilitate human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing in low-resource settings. Our study aimed to evaluate the stability of cervical specimens collected with dry swabs and stored dry, compared to liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples, as detected by HPV DNA testing. Women with abnormal cytological findings or HPV-positive results at colposcopy were recruited from the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, between October 2013 and March 2014. From each woman, physicians collected cervical specimens with a swab placed into a Sarstedt tube and a CytoBrush placed into LBC medium. Samples were randomly assigned to be stored at uncontrolled ambient temperature for 2, 7, 14, or 28 days and then were tested for 14 high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types using the cobas HPV test. The rates of agreement between dry swab and LBC samples for any HR-HPV type, HPV16, HPV18, and the 12 pooled HR-HPV types were 93.8%, 97.8%, 99.4%, and 93.2%, respectively, with kappa values of 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.91), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91 to 0.97), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.00), and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.90). The performance of swab samples for detection of cervical precancerous lesions by means of cobas HPV testing was equal to that of LBC samples, even with stratification by storage time. Dry storage of swab-collected cervical samples can last for 1 month without loss of test performance by cobas HPV testing, compared to LBC samples, which may offer a simple inexpensive approach for cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Transmission of Beta and Gamma Human Papillomavirus in Heterosexual Couples

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Barbara Moscicki ◽  
Yifei Ma ◽  
Tarik Gheit ◽  
Sandrine McKay-Chopin ◽  
Sepideh Farhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hpv Types

Abstract Background Beta (β) and gamma (γ) human papillomavirus (HPV) are commonly found on the skin. Few of the β types are associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Little is known about transmission patterns of these HPV, specifically in the anogenital (AG) areas. The primary objective of this study was to examine the AG concordance and transmission of β and γHPV types between heterosexual couples. Methods Archival samples from a previously published study examining concordance of alpha HPV types between couples were tested for β and γHPV. Hand, mouth, and genital samples were obtained 5 times over a 6-week period. Results Of the 21 couples examined, β and γHPV were detected in AG sites in 67% and 30% of men, respectively, and 41% and 25% of women. Positive concordance for β and γHPV was 27% and 20%, respectively, which was greater than the observed concordance between noncouples (10% for βHPV and 4% for γHPV). Transmission rate of βHPV between AG areas was 15.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3–46.5) per 100 person months for men-to-women at risk and for γHPV was 6.6 (95% CI, .2–36.7). Risks for women-to-men were similar. Conclusions Beta and γHPV are common in the AG area, and data suggest that they can be sexually transmitted.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Distribution of High Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Patients with Dysplastic Lesions: a Population Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Voidăzan Septimiu ◽  
Morariu Silviu-Horia ◽  
Căpâlnă Mihai ◽  
Mărginean Claudiu ◽  
Dobreanu Minodora
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

AbstractBackground. Cervical cancer (CC) is a major public health problem worldwide. Knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype prevalence and distribution is important for the introduction of an effective vaccination program and the corresponding epidemiological monitoring. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the distribution of high-risk HPV genotypes.Methods. Data were collected from 136 patients for the detection of circulating HPV genotypes, where Pap test results revealed the presence of koilocytes or high risk (HR) dysplastic lesions, elements that raise the suspicion of HPV infection.Results. HPV infection was identified in 72 (55.4%) of the patients tested, 34 (47.3%) with single infection, and 38 (52.7%) with multiple infections. Twenty-two different types of HPV were identified: 14 high risk HPV types, 7 low risk HPV types, 1 probable high risk HPV type. HPV 16 was the most frequently detected (55.6%) one, it was involved in single (15 cases) and multiple (25 cases) infections, primarily associated with type 18 (12 cases), and type 52 (11 cases). The presence of HPV 18 (29.2%) and HPV 52 (23.6%) was identified after HPV type 16.Conclusions. Oncogenic HPV genotypes 16, 18, and 52 were most frequently associated in women with dysplastic lesions, which require the use of polyvalent HPV vaccines when assessing cross-protective effects of specific immunoprophylaxis programs.

scholarly journals Relationship between Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Risk of Anemia: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4721
Author(s):  
Min-Young Chun ◽  
Jeong-hoon Kim ◽  
Ju-Seop Kang
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
National Health ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition

The importance of sleep has been gaining more and more attention nowadays. It has been widely studied that some major health issues, such as cardiovascular diseases or mortality, are closely related to the extreme ends of sleep durations. Anemia is one of the health problems in modern society. In this study, we aimed to find a relationship between anemia occurrence and sleep duration. Data of 11,131 Korean adults aged 19 years or older were recruited from the 2016–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and analyzed in this cross-sectional study. ‘Anemia’ was defined in this study by hemoglobin level of <13 g/dL in men and <12 g/dL in women. Selected data were sorted into five groups by sleep duration: <5 h, 5 h ~ <6 h, 6 h ~ <8 h, 8 h ~ <9 h, and ≥9 h per day. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship between sleep duration and risk of anemia after adjusting for covariates including age, gender, family income level, education level, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol usage. Other factors were assessed in the analysis, such as depression, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, coronary artery disease, malignancy, stress level, and body mass index (BMI). We found that sleep duration of <5 h was related to high risk of anemia (odds ratio = 1.87; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–3.49, sleep duration of 6 h ~ <8 h as the reference group). Also, sleep duration of ≥9 h was related to lower risk of anemia in most premenopausal women after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio = 0.61; 95% confidence interval = 0.38–0.96, sleep duration of 6 h ~ < 8 h as the reference group). Male individuals with sleep durations of <5 h (odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval =1.05–3.84) and of ≥9 h (odds ratio = 2.48; 95% confidence interval =1.63–3.81) had a significantly higher risk of anemia without covariate adjustment. Postmenopausal women with sleep durations of ≥9 h had a significantly higher risk of anemia (odds ratio =2.02; 95% confidence interval =1.33–3.08) without adjusting for covariates. However, the associations became statistically insignificant after adjusting for age and covariates in both men and postmenopausal women. In conclusion, we found significant associations between extreme ends of sleep duration and risk of anemia in premenopausal Korean women. However, we did not observe strong associations between self-reported sleep duration and anemia risk in men or postmenopausal women.

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