Perceived Risk of Heart Attack and Type 2 Diabetes in Hispanic Adults With Overweight and Obesity

Free sugars (FS) are associated with a higher risk of dental decay in children and an increased risk of weight gain, overweight and obesity and type 2 diabetes. For this reason, Canada’s Food Guide recommends limiting foods and beverages that contribute to excess free sugars consumption. Estimating FS intakes is needed to inform policies and interventions aimed at reducing Canadians’ consumption of FS. The objective of this study was to estimate FS intake of Canadians using a new method that estimated the free sugars content of foods in the Canadian Nutrient File, the database used in national nutrition surveys. We define FS as sugars present in food products in which the structure has been broken down. We found that 12% of total energy (about 56 g) comes from FS in the diet of Canadians 1 year of age and older (≥1 year). The top four sources were: (1) sugars, syrups, preserves, confectionary, desserts; (2) soft drinks; (3) baked products and (4) juice (without added sugars), and accounted for 60% of total free sugars intake. The results show that efforts need to be sustained to help Canadians, particularly children and adolescents, to reduce their FS intake.

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Depression-related weight change and incident diabetes in a community sample

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92963-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eva Graham ◽

Tristan Watson ◽

Sonya S. Deschênes ◽

Kristian B. Filion ◽

Mélanie Henderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Weight Change ◽

Short Form ◽

Community Sample ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractThis cohort study aimed to compare the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight gain, depression-related weight loss, depression with no weight change, and no depression. The study sample included 59,315 community-dwelling adults in Ontario, Canada. Depression-related weight change in the past 12 months was measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Short Form. Participants were followed for up to 20 years using administrative health data. Cox proportional hazards models compared the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight change and in adults with no depression. Adults with depression-related weight gain had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to adults no depression (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.32–2.20), adults with depression-related weight loss (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.09–2.42), and adults with depression with no weight change (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03–1.86). Adults with depression with no weight change also had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to those with no depression (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.45). Associations were stronger among women and persisted after adjusting for attained overweight and obesity. Identifying symptoms of weight change in depression may aid in identifying adults at higher risk of type 2 diabetes and in developing tailored prevention strategies.

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Life-course trajectories of weight and their impact on the incidence of type 2 diabetes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91910-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Diego Yacamán-Méndez ◽

Ylva Trolle-Lagerros ◽

Minhao Zhou ◽

Antonio Monteiro Ponce de Leon ◽

Hrafnhildur Gudjonsdottir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Life Course ◽

Risk Ratio ◽

Absolute Risk ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Incident Cases

AbstractAlthough exposure to overweight and obesity at different ages is associated to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, the effect of different patterns of exposure through life remains unclear. We aimed to characterize life-course trajectories of weight categories and estimate their impact on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. We categorized the weight of 7203 participants as lean, normal or overweight at five time-points from ages 7–55 using retrospective data. Participants were followed for an average of 19 years for the development of type 2 diabetes. We used latent class analysis to describe distinctive trajectories and estimated the risk ratio, absolute risk difference and population attributable fraction (PAF) associated to different trajectories using Poisson regression. We found five distinctive life-course trajectories. Using the stable-normal weight trajectory as reference, the stable overweight, lean increasing weight, overweight from early adulthood and overweight from late adulthood trajectories were associated to higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The estimated risk ratios and absolute risk differences were statistically significant for all trajectories, except for the risk ratio of the lean increasing trajectory group among men. Of the 981 incident cases of type 2 diabetes, 47.4% among women and 42.9% among men were attributable to exposure to any life-course trajectory different from stable normal weight. Most of the risk was attributable to trajectories including overweight or obesity at any point of life (36.8% of the cases among women and 36.7% among men). The overweight from early adulthood trajectory had the highest impact (PAF: 23.2% for woman and 28.5% for men). We described five distinctive life-course trajectories of weight that were associated to increased risk of type 2 diabetes over 19 years of follow-up. The variability of the effect of exposure to overweight and obesity on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was largely explained by exposure to the different life-course trajectories of weight.

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The fourth decade of life: the age for preventive strategies?

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.809 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

S Cuschieri

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Health Examination ◽

Preventive Strategies ◽

Preventive Action ◽

Starting Point ◽

Fourth Decade

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been on the health agenda for decades. As the 2020's decade sets in, most of the set health strategies and targets are ending while new goals are expected. Investigating a European country hub known for its high prevalence of NCDs provides evidence-based data that can be used for these new strategies. The aim was to explore potential NCDs trends and associations that could provide evidence for new preventive strategies and goals. Methods Data was obtained from a national representative cross-sectional study through a health examination survey (2014-6). The self-reported data and the results of the examination were used to diagnose participants with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, overweight and obesity. The study population was stratified by ten years and sex for both descriptive and analytic analyses. Results The male population was significantly more metabolically unhealthy that the female counterparts across all age groups (p = <0.01). The females had the highest newly diagnosed diabetes prevalence across all age groups. It was observed that type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia and hypertension were present as of the 30-39 years group. Conversely, on binary multiple logistic regression analysis, this age group was negatively associated with NCDs even after adjusting for confounders (Diabetes OR:0.06 CI95%:0.02-0.21 p = <0.01; hypertension OR: 0.16 CI 95%: 0.05-0.55 p = <0.01; overweight OR: 0.21 CI 95%: 0.11 - 0.40 p = <0.01). Conclusions The fourth decade of life might be the starting point for metabolic dysregulation. Hence, subject to long-term health and economic burdens, with a potential extension of the metabolic impact on their offspring. Although further research is recommended, this study sets the ball rolling whether preventive action including screening for dysglycaemia and dyslipidaemia should be implemented at a population level from a young age. Key messages Preventive action should start from fourth decade of life. Targeting the fourth decade of life would also ensure a healthier new generation.

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Maternal overweight and obesity and risk of pre-eclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-016-4035-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 59 (10) ◽

pp. 2099-2105 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Martina Persson ◽

Sven Cnattingius ◽

Anna-Karin Wikström ◽

Stefan Johansson

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Maternal Overweight

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Salud paso por paso : a culturally-tailored physical activity intervention with hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

10.32469/10355/88130 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Julio Cesar Loya

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Physical Activity Intervention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Culturally Tailored ◽

Hispanic Adults

Limited information is available regarding culturally-tailored physical activity (PA) interventions for Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A community-partnered approach was used to examine a novel culturally-tailored PA intervention using a pre-post, no control group design. The intervention consisted of six weekly 45-minute sessions for participants to engage in PA led by the researcher. A total of 21 individuals participated in the study. The typical participant was a 53-year-old female (90 percent) Hispanic adult living with T2DM with low acculturation. On average, before the intervention, the participants walked 10,285 (sd 14,779) steps per week with 43.4 (sd 68.1) minutes of PA per week. Despite implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic, the intervention was feasible and acceptable, and 19 (90.5 percent) participants attended all intervention sessions. There were significant increases in steps per week (p=0.007; d=1.03) and minutes of PA per week (p=0.000; d=1.62). Findings suggest that Salud Paso por Paso has promise as a strategy to enhance PA behaviors in the priority population. A randomized, controlled trial with a larger study sample is warranted to examine efficacy and impact on the diabetes health outcomes of Hispanic adults with T2DM.

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Relation of Neck Circumference to Central Obesity and Overweight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Presenting to a Tertiary Center

Journal of Institute of Medicine ◽

10.3126/jiom.v42i3.37598 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 92-96

Author(s):

Ishwor Sharma ◽

Sanjay K Gupta ◽

Kiran Niraula

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Neck Circumference ◽

Tertiary Center

Introduction Overweight and obesity with their surrogate anthropometric markers like body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist hip ratio (WHR) have been shown to be strongly associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Neck circumference (NC) though less used can be an equally effective alternative to diagnose overweight and obesity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in a resource limited setting. MethodsPatients who had Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for 5 years or more and above 35 years underwent simple random sampling. Weight, height, WC and NC were measured. BMI was calculated and patients were graded into overweight and obesity based on the Asian cutoffs for BMI and abdominal obesity. ResultsAmong 100 patients enrolled in this study, 45% were men and the mean age was 53.05. Mean neck circumference was 36.55 ± 1.28 cm and 35.27 ± 1.78 cm for male and female respectively. NC was positively correlated with WC and BMI in both men and women (p ˂ 0.001). In the ROC curves, NC presented the largest area under the curve (AUC) for overweight in males (p ˂ 0.001), while NC presented a large AUC for central obesity in both genders. Furthermore, the cut off value of neck circumference for overweight was 35.6 cm in males vs 35.2 cm in females and for central obesity was 36.75 cm in males vs 34.75 cm in females. ConclusionNeck circumference was positively associated with overweight and central obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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The role of celebrity diets versus medical nutrition therapy in type 2 diabetes

Journal of Social Health and Diabetes ◽

10.4103/2321-0656.140902 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 03 (01) ◽

pp. 061-063

Author(s):

Sandra Scrivens

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽

Modest Weight Loss ◽

The Individual ◽

Medical Nutrition

AbstractWith global obesity affecting 475 million people worldwide, the continued popularity of celebrity or fad diets is not surprising. Evidence for their sustainability and long-term positive benefits on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk is, however, limited. Modest weight loss of 5-10% in overweight or obesity is associated with improvements in blood lipids, glycemia, and insulin resistance. As overweight and obesity are the main risk factors for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), medical nutrition therapy based on a balanced, reduced total energy diet, tailored to the individual, is recommended by the American Diabetes Association, Diabetes UK and transcultural diabetes-specific nutrition algrorithm (tDNA) guidelines.

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The Obesity Paradox in Type 2 Diabetes and Mortality

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine ◽

10.1177/1559827616650415 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 244-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Deirdre K. Tobias ◽

JoAnn E. Manson

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Weight ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Obesity Paradox ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Epidemiological Methods ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Methodological Considerations

The obesity paradox for survival among individuals with type 2 diabetes has been observed in some but not all studies. Conflicting evidence for the role of overweight and obesity in all-cause mortality may largely be a result of differences in study populations, epidemiological methods, and statistical analysis. For example, analyses among populations with long-term prevalent diabetes and the accrual of other chronic health conditions are more likely to observe that the sickest participants have lower body weights, and therefore, relative to normal weight, overweight and even obesity appear advantageous. Other mortality risk factors, such as smoking, also confound the relationship between body weight and survival, but this behavior varies widely in intensity and duration, making it difficult to assess and effectively adjust for in statistical models. Disentangling the potential sources of bias is imperative in understanding the relevance of excess body weight to mortality in diabetes. In this review, we summarize methodological considerations underlying the observed obesity paradox. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the obesity paradox is likely an artifact of biases, and once these are accounted for, it is evident that compared with normal body weight, excess body weight is associated with a greater mortality risk.

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