Effects of postexercise ice-water and room-temperature water immersion on the sensory organization of balance control and lower limb proprioception in amateur rugby players

Cryogenic fluorescent light microscopy of flash-frozen cells stands out by artifact-free fixation and very little photobleaching of the fluorophores used. To attain the highest level of resolution, aberration-free immersion objectives with accurately matched immersion media are required, but both do not exist for imaging below the glass-transition temperature of water. Here, we resolve this challenge by combining a cryoimmersion medium, HFE-7200, which matches the refractive index of room-temperature water, with a technological concept in which the body of the objective and the front lens are not in thermal equilibrium. We implemented this concept by replacing the metallic front-lens mount of a standard bioimaging water immersion objective with an insulating ceramic mount heated around its perimeter. In this way, the objective metal housing can be maintained at room temperature, while creating a thermally shielded cold microenvironment around the sample and front lens. To demonstrate the range of potential applications, we show that our method can provide superior contrast in Escherichia coli and yeast cells expressing fluorescent proteins and resolve submicrometer structures in multicolor immunolabeled human bone osteosarcoma epithelial (U2OS) cells at −140°C.

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Hybrid Self-Reacting Friction Stir Welding of AA 6061-T6 Aluminium Alloy with Cooling Assisted Approach

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11010016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Kishan Fuse ◽

Vishvesh Badheka

Keyword(s):

Friction Stir Welding ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Water Mist ◽

Air Cooling ◽

Nugget Zone ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Cooling Media ◽

Ice Water ◽

Temperature Water

In the present work, self-reacting friction stir welding of 6 mm thick Al 6061-T6 was processed considering two novel approaches as different temperatures of the water (1 °C and 30 °C), and methods of use (spraying and enveloping top surface) using water as cooling media. The four experiments as natural air cooling (NAC), spraying with room temperature water mist (S-RM), spraying with ice water mist (S-IM), and cooling with room temperature water jet (C-RJ) were performed. The thermal profile, microstructure, microhardness, and tensile properties were investigated for all the joints. The lowest hardness location was heat affected zone in NAC and it was the boundary of the thermo-mechanically affected zone and weld nugget zone in all cooling assisted joints. The C-RJ cooling assisted joint resulted in the highest tensile strength of 189.16 MPa which is 8.17% higher than the conventional self-reacting friction stir welded joint.

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Study of effects of weathering on natural fiber composites

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1206/1/012002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1206 (1) ◽

pp. 012002

Author(s):

Satadru Kashyap ◽

Debanil Das

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Fem Analysis ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Immersion Test ◽

Polyester Composite ◽

Temperature Water ◽

Uv Rays

Abstract Composite materials are known to have many advantages and they can be used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products which make them commercially valuable. However, they may come into contact with various conditions that might lead to weathering. Weathering might lead to discoloration, decrease in durability, decline in mechanical properties and decrease in mass in composites. Hence, it is paramount to study the effects of weathering on composites before they are used in service. For this study, wood polyester composite (WPC), jute polyester composite (JPC) and coir polyester composite (CPC) were fabricated and subjected to four weathering tests - water ageing test at room temperature, water immersion test at 100°C, exposure to external environment and exposure to UV rays. It was seen that CPC samples subjected to water ageing at room temperature and immersion at 100°C showed comparatively higher water absorption rate than the WPC and JPC samples as coir fibres in CPC are hollow at the centremost region. JPC and CPC also turned whitish after 24 hours of water ageing. However, exposing the samples to the environment for a period of 144 hours did not show any significant change in the sample. It was also found that the tensile strength of all the composites decreased after being exposed to UV rays in a QUV spray weathering tester. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the composites were also modelled with analytical techniques (Halphin Tsai method) and FEM analysis and the results were found to be analogous.

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Strength degradation of lightguide fibres in room temperature water

Electronics Letters ◽

10.1049/el:19960492 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 761 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C.R. Kurkjian ◽

M.J. Matthewson

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Strength Degradation ◽

Temperature Water

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Keep Safe: A Novel Static Balance Control Strategy for Lower Limb Exoskeletons

2020 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC) ◽

10.1109/cac51589.2020.9326626 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fashu Xu ◽

Rui Huang ◽

Hong Cheng ◽

Yujie Zhu ◽

Jing Qiu

Keyword(s):

Control Strategy ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Balance Control ◽

Static Balance

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Recovery strategies implemented by sport support staff of elite rugby players in South Africa

South African Journal of Physiotherapy ◽

10.4102/sajp.v65i1.78 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D.V. Van Wyk ◽

M.I. Lambert

Keyword(s):

Cold Water ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Total Duration ◽

Cold Water Immersion ◽

Support Staff ◽

Medical Support ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Recovery Strategies ◽

Rugby Players

Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine strategies used toaccelerate recovery of elite rugby players after training and matches, asused by medical support staff of rugby teams in South A frica. A secondaryaim was to focus on specifics of implementing ice/cold water immersion asrecovery strategy. Design: A Questionnaire-based cross sectional descriptive survey was used.Setting and Participants: Most (n=58) of the medical support staff ofrugby teams (doctors, physiotherapists, biokineticists and fitness trainers)who attended the inaugural Rugby Medical A ssociation conference linked to the South A frican Sports MedicineA ssociation Conference in Pretoria (14-16th November, 2007) participated in the study. Results: Recovery strategies were utilized mostly after matches. Stretching and ice/cold water immersion were utilized the most (83%). More biokineticists and fitness trainers advocated the usage of stretching than their counter-parts (medical doctors and physiotherapists). Ice/Cold water immersion and A ctive Recovery were the top two ratedstrategies. A summary of the details around implementation of ice/cold water therapy is shown (mean) as utilized bythe subjects: (i) The time to immersion after matches was 12±9 min; (ii) The total duration of one immersion sessionwas 6±6 min; (iii) 3 immersion sessions per average training week was utilized by subjects; (iv) The average water temperature was 10±3 ºC.; (v) Ice cubes were used most frequently to cool water for immersion sessions, and(vi) plastic drums were mostly used as the container for water. Conclusion: In this survey the representative group of support staff provided insight to which strategies are utilizedin South A frican elite rugby teams to accelerate recovery of players after training and/or matches.

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