scholarly journals Study of effects of weathering on natural fiber composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 1206 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Satadru Kashyap ◽  
Debanil Das
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Uv Rays

Abstract Composite materials are known to have many advantages and they can be used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products which make them commercially valuable. However, they may come into contact with various conditions that might lead to weathering. Weathering might lead to discoloration, decrease in durability, decline in mechanical properties and decrease in mass in composites. Hence, it is paramount to study the effects of weathering on composites before they are used in service. For this study, wood polyester composite (WPC), jute polyester composite (JPC) and coir polyester composite (CPC) were fabricated and subjected to four weathering tests - water ageing test at room temperature, water immersion test at 100°C, exposure to external environment and exposure to UV rays. It was seen that CPC samples subjected to water ageing at room temperature and immersion at 100°C showed comparatively higher water absorption rate than the WPC and JPC samples as coir fibres in CPC are hollow at the centremost region. JPC and CPC also turned whitish after 24 hours of water ageing. However, exposing the samples to the environment for a period of 144 hours did not show any significant change in the sample. It was also found that the tensile strength of all the composites decreased after being exposed to UV rays in a QUV spray weathering tester. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the composites were also modelled with analytical techniques (Halphin Tsai method) and FEM analysis and the results were found to be analogous.

Mechanical Property Studies on Flax Fiber Reinforced Basalt Powder Filled Polyester Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Arumugaprabu ◽  
K.Arun Prasath ◽  
S. Mangaleswaran ◽  
M. Manikanda Raja ◽  
R. Jegan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Tensile Impact ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Additional Support

: The objective of this research is to evaluate the tensile, impact and flexural properties of flax fiber and basalt powder filled polyester composite. Flax fiber is one of the predominant reinforcement natural fiber which possess good mechanical properties and addition of basalt powder as a filler provides additional support to the composite. The Composites are prepared using flax fiber arranged in 10 layers with varying weight percentage of the basalt powder as 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.% and 30 wt.% respectively. From the results it is inferred that the composite combination 10 Layers of flax / 5 wt.%, basalt Powder absorbs more tensile load of 145 MPa. Also, for the same combination maximum flexural strength is about 60 MPa. Interestingly in the case of impact strength more energy was absorbed by 10 layers of flax and 30 wt.% of basalt powder. In addition, the failure mechanism of the composites also discussed briefly using SEM studies.

Effects of Direct Thermal Method Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Semisolid A6061 Feedstock

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. M. Tajudin ◽  
A. H. Ahmad ◽  
M. M. Rashidi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Pouring Temperature ◽  
Porosity Level ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Temperature Water

This paper highlights the effects of pouring temperature and holding time on the mechanical properties of aluminium 6061 semisolid feedstock billets. The semisolid metal feedstock billets were prepared by a direct thermal method (DTM), in which the molten metal was poured into a cylindrical copper mould with a different combination of pouring temperature and holding time before it was solidified in room temperature water. The results show that the sample with pouring temperature slightly above aluminium 6061 liquidus temperature has the lowest porosity, thereby the highest mechanical properties value. The sample with a pouring temperature of 660 °C and holding time of 60 s has the density, tensile strength and hardness properties of 2.701 g/cm3, 146.797 MPa, and 86.5 HV, respectively. Meanwhile, the sample at a pouring temperature of 640 °C and holding time of 20 s has density, tensile strength and hardness properties of 2.527 g/cm3, 65.39 MPa, and 71.79 HV, respectively. The density and fractography tests were conducted to confirm the existence of porosity within the samples. The results from these experimental works suggested that the mechanical properties of DTM semisolid feedstock billet merely depended on processing parameters, which influenced the porosity level within the feedstock billet, thus directly affected their mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of coconut trunk particle/polyester composite based on alkali treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 2633366X2093589
Author(s):  
Van-Tho Hoang ◽  
Thanh-Nhut Pham ◽  
Young-Jin Yum
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coconut Tree ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fiber ◽  
Polyester Composite

Coir is a well-known natural fiber extracted from the husk of a coconut tree. In polymer composite materials, the ultimate performance of coir has been shown using surface modification methods. Among them, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a comparative and efficient solution used for surface treatment of lignocellulosic fiber. In contrast to coir, coconut timber, a hardwood that dominates the weight of the coconut tree, has not been appropriately considered for use in polymer composites. Therefore, in this article, coconut trunk particle/unsaturated polyester resin composites were experimentally investigated. As a pioneering study, a large range of NaOH concentrations from 2 wt% to 10 wt% (with an interval of 2 wt%) was utilized to treat the surface of the filler. Finally, 4 wt% alkali solution was found as the best content for surface modification based on the mechanical properties of the composite, including those determined by tensile, flexural, and impact test results.

Experimental and FEM Analysis of the AA 6082 Processed by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion

2011 ◽  
Vol 478 ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier León ◽  
C.J. Luis-Pérez ◽  
Daniel Salcedo ◽  
Ivan Pérez ◽  
Juan Pablo Fuertes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Fem Simulations ◽  
Roll Bonding ◽  
Angular Extrusion ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
Made In

Recent studies have shown that severe plastic deformation processes (SPD) improve the mechanical properties of the processed parts. Some of the most outstanding SPD processes are as follows: High Pressure Torsion (HPT), Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening (RCS), Cyclic Extrusion Compression (CEC), Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB), Conform and Continuous Combined Drawing and Rolling (CCDR), among others, but the most well-known is Equal Channel Angular Extrusion or Pressure (ECAE/ECAP). The aim of these processes is to introduce high values of deformation inside the parts in order to reduce the grain size and thus to improve the mechanical properties of the starting material. The study of the damage imparted to an AA-6082 alloy is made in the present work. This alloy is received as cast and it is quenched at a temperature of 530 °C during 4 hours in order to be processed by ECAE at room temperature using different geometries of the dies. The imparted damage is also studied by using FEM simulations.

Environmental Durability of Natural Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Liao ◽  
Umaru Semo Ishiaku ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak ◽  
Guijun Xian ◽  
Hiroyuki Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vacuum Oven ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Environmental Durability ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
Automotive Interior

With an industrial increasing interest in sustainable, eco-efficient and green material’s application, natural fiber in polymer composite is guided to develop rapidly, especially kenaf nonwovens in making automotive interior trim parts with its comparative excellent strength and renewability. The objectives of this research are to investigate the environmental degradation behavior on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/unsaturated polyester nonwoven composites (KUNC) with special reference to the influence of different geographic natural climate ageing conditions. KUNC was prepared with needle-punched kenaf’s impregnation into unsaturated polyester resin assisted with vacuum oven following by hand lay-up molding. Natural environmental degradation was performed on KUNC by exposing the specimens to Kyoto(Japan), Shanghai(China) and Harbin(China) for a period of 3 months. Weight change and mechanical properties of degraded KUNCs in former three geographic positions in terms of tensile, flexural, impact and fracture toughness were measured instrumentally for ageing effect discussion and comparison. As expected, the aged specimens in those different positions all showed the dropped mechanical properties with weight increasing in varying degrees. Furthermore, the result of degradation level comparison among different positions revealed the positive correlation between increased weight percentages and dropped mechanical properties. In other words, dropped mechanical properties of the degraded composites with increasing weight were attributed to the effect of water, which deteriorates the interfacial properties of composites.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance and Moisture Absorption of Unidirectional Bamboo Fiber Polyester Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Nabinejad ◽  
Sujan Debnath ◽  
Jack Kai Beh ◽  
Mohammad Yeakub Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

Bamboo fibers as a natural fiber offer numerous advantages such as high specific strength over synthetic fiber when used as reinforcing fiber for polymer composites. Yet the hydrophilic nature of bamboo fibers with high moisture absorption results in incompatibility in between bamboo fibers and unsaturated polyester resin. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of alkali treatment of bamboo fiber on the mechanical properties and water sorption properties of polyester composite. The result revealed that, the bamboo fiber polyester composite with 5% Alkali treated bamboo fiber possesses the highest mechanical properties. Besides, Alkali treated fibers composite showed a significant reduction in moisture uptake compared to untreated fibers, where composite with 7% Alkali treated showed the lowest moisture uptake.

scholarly journals Dimensional stability and strength properties of wood plastic composites produced from sawdust of Cordia alliodora (Ruiz and Pav.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Izekor ◽  
M. E. Mordi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Plastic Composites

This study evaluates the effects of densities and mixing ratio on the physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites boards at mixing ratio of 1:1 to 1:1.4 and nominal densities of 700kg/mm3 and 800kg/mm3. The quantity of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and saw dust used in the production of Wood Plastic Composites (WPCs) was weighed to a nominal density of 700kg/mm3 and 800kg/mm3. The materials were thoroughly mixed and fed into a neatly primed oil mould with a dimension of 300 x 300 x 10 mm. Test samples used for physical and mechanical properties determination were collected from each board produced from the mould. The results showed that WPCs board produced from mixing ratio 1:1 had the highest Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) values of 6.52 mm N-2 and 564.95 mm N-2 respectively. Water absorption, thickness swelling and linear expansion of WPCs produced from wood/plastic ratio of 1:1.4 had the lowest mean values of 6.67, 0.83, 0.68% and 21.61, 1.33, 5.35% respectively after 2 hours and 24 hours of water immersion test. Analysis of variance carried out at 0.05% probability level showed that the effect of density and mixing ratio were significant on the physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites boards.

1015 Room Temperature Water Versus Warm Water Immersion for Minimal Sedation Colonoscopy - a Double-Blind, Randomized, Single-Center Trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. AB177
Author(s):  
Premysl Falt ◽  
Vit Smajstrla ◽  
Martin Kliment ◽  
Josef Tvrdik ◽  
Petr Fojtik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Temperature Water

scholarly journals Aberration-corrected cryoimmersion light microscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1204-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Faoro ◽  
Margherita Bassu ◽  
Yara X. Mejia ◽  
Till Stephan ◽  
Nikunj Dudani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Water Immersion Objective ◽  
Temperature Water

Cryogenic fluorescent light microscopy of flash-frozen cells stands out by artifact-free fixation and very little photobleaching of the fluorophores used. To attain the highest level of resolution, aberration-free immersion objectives with accurately matched immersion media are required, but both do not exist for imaging below the glass-transition temperature of water. Here, we resolve this challenge by combining a cryoimmersion medium, HFE-7200, which matches the refractive index of room-temperature water, with a technological concept in which the body of the objective and the front lens are not in thermal equilibrium. We implemented this concept by replacing the metallic front-lens mount of a standard bioimaging water immersion objective with an insulating ceramic mount heated around its perimeter. In this way, the objective metal housing can be maintained at room temperature, while creating a thermally shielded cold microenvironment around the sample and front lens. To demonstrate the range of potential applications, we show that our method can provide superior contrast in Escherichia coli and yeast cells expressing fluorescent proteins and resolve submicrometer structures in multicolor immunolabeled human bone osteosarcoma epithelial (U2OS) cells at −140°C.

scholarly journals Study on the effect of pre-treatment of Oil Palm Shell (OPS) as coarse aggregate using hot water 50-°C and room temperature water 28-°C to lightweight concrete strength

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Sung Taek Lee ◽  
Nuraziz Handika ◽  
Elly Tjahjono ◽  
Essy Arijoeni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Oil Inventories ◽  
Temperature Water

With a rapidly growing population, the need for homes is increasing, which means the demand for housing material is also increasing in Indonesia. On the other hand, as the largest producer of palm oil in the world, Indonesia produces almost half of the world’s palm oil inventories. Oil palm shells (OPS) are agricultural solid end products from palm oil manufacturing processes. In this research, the use of OPS waste as substitution materials for making concrete is investigated. In order to be used as structural building material, some mechanical properties of materials must achieve the requirements of the National Standard SNI. The general objective of this research is to understand the effect of the pretreatment process on OPS aggregate on the mechanical behaviour of lightweight concrete. To do so, first, pre-treatment on the OPS is performed using hot water (50°C) and room temperature water (26-28°C). Second, by using the most effective mixed proportions from previous research in laboratory, pre-treated OPS is used to cast concrete. Third, some experimental tests are carried out to evaluate its mechanical properties, such as: concrete compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength (split test). Then, behaviour from both different treatments are compared and discussed. Finally, this research can determine which method gives better result for the application of OPS as biosource substituent material.

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