Prevalence of Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Resident Physicians

ObjectivesDepression and depressive symptoms are common mental disorders that have a considerable effect on patients’ health-related quality of life and satisfaction with medical care, but the prevalence of these conditions varies substantially between published studies. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a precise estimate of the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among outpatients in different clinical specialties.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources and eligibility criteriaThe PubMed and PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify observational studies that contained information on the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in outpatients. All studies included were published before January 2016. Data characteristics were extracted independently by two investigators. The point prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was measured using validated self-report questionnaires or structured interviews. Assessments were pooled using a random-effects model. Differences in study-level characteristics were estimated by meta-regression analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using standard χ2tests and the I2statistic. The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO under number CRD42017054738.ResultsEighty-three cross-sectional studies involving 41 344 individuals were included in this study. The overall pooled prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was 27.0% (10 943/41 344 individuals; 95% CI 24.0% to 29.0%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (p<0.0001, τ2=0.3742, I2=96.7%). Notably, a significantly higher prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms was observed in outpatients than in the healthy controls (OR 3.16, 95% CI 2.66 to 3.76, I2=72.0%, χ2=25.33). The highest depression/depressive symptom prevalence estimates occurred in studies of outpatients from otolaryngology clinics (53.0%), followed by dermatology clinics (39.0%) and neurology clinics (35.0%). Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in different specialties varied from 17.0% to 53.0%. The prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms was higher among outpatients in developing countries than in outpatients from developed countries. Moreover, the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in outpatients slightly decreased from 1996 to 2010. Regarding screening instruments, the Beck Depression Inventory led to a higher estimate of the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms (1316/4702, 36.0%, 95% CI 29.0% to 44.0%, I2=94.8%) than the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (1003/2025, 22.0%, 95% CI 12.0% to 35.0%, I2=96.6%).ConclusionOur study provides evidence that a significant proportion of outpatients experience depression or depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of developing effective management strategies for the early identification and treatment of these conditions among outpatients in clinical practice. The substantial heterogeneity between studies was not fully explained by the variables examined.

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Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms among intensive care nurses: A meta‐analysis

Nursing in Critical Care ◽

10.1111/nicc.12734 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Huan Huang ◽

You Xia ◽

Xiaoyan Zeng ◽

Ailian Lü

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Intensive Care Nurses ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

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Acculturation, Optimism, and Relatively Fewer Depression Symptoms among Mexican Immigrants and Mexican Americans

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.103.2.566-576 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. 566-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Patricia González ◽

Gerardo M. González

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Relative Deprivation ◽

Mexican Immigrants ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Mexican Origin ◽

Relative Lack ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Native Status

The mental health of individuals of Mexican origin may vary as a function of native status (i.e., Mexican born or USA born). Some have reported that Mexican Americans tend to display more depressive symptoms than Mexican immigrants. The present goal was to estimate the associations among acculturation and native status, and explore relative deprivation in the prevalence of depression. Participants included 153 individuals of Mexican origin who completed the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans, the Beck Depression Inventory–II, the Revised Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale, and relative deprivation questions. Analyses indicated women and those scoring low on acculturation were significantly more likely to report depressive symptoms. Participants who felt they had relatively better family happiness than Euro-Americans reported lower depressive symptoms. So participants' sex, acculturation, and relative lack of depressive symptoms allow better understanding of depressive symptoms among these Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants.

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Prevalence of depression and associated factors among hemodialyzed patients in Jazan area, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Mental Illness ◽

10.1108/mij-02-2020-0004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Asim Othayq ◽

Abdulwahab Aqeeli

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Periodic Evaluation

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among patients on hemodialysis in Jazan area, Saudi Arabia. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted on 211 randomly selected hemodialysis patients in Jazan area, Saudi Arabia, using an observational cross-sectional design. Patients were screened for depressive symptoms using the depression, anxiety and stress scale 42 (DASS-42). Descriptive statistics were used to present sociodemographic data. Multiple logistic regression was implemented to identify the predictors of depression. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software. Findings The study found the overall prevalence of depression among patients on hemodialysis to be 43.6 per cent. Of them, 12.8 per cent were mildly depressed, 15.6 per cent were moderately depressed and 15.1 per cent fell in the severe or extremely severe category. Depression was significantly associated with marital status, education level and the presence of sleep disturbances. The study indicates a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients on hemodialysis in Jazan. A higher rate of depressive symptoms was observed in currently unmarried, lower-educated patients and those with sleep disturbance. Originality/value Periodic evaluation of patients on hemodialysis for depression is needed to allow for early intervention.

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Depression in multiple sclerosis across the adult lifespan

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458520979304 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135245852097930

Author(s):

Carol K Chan ◽

Fan Tian ◽

Daniela Pimentel Maldonado ◽

Ellen M Mowry ◽

Kathryn C Fitzgerald

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Regression Models ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Age Groups ◽

Adult Age ◽

Adult Lifespan ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Z Scores ◽

The Relationship

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the burden of depressive symptoms across the adult age span in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and test if the relationship between depressive symptoms and MS characteristics vary across age groups. Methods: In analyses of the MS Partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS) network of adults with MS, we compared the prevalence of depression in MS PATHS with non-MS controls across age and evaluated for effect modification by age in the association between depressive symptoms and clinical and neuroperformance measures via multivariable-adjusted regression models. Results: In total, 13,821 individuals with MS were included. The prevalence of depression was higher in MS versus non-MS controls, but was similar between men/women across age. The association between depression and processing speed (PST; p for interaction = 0.009) or walking speed ( p for interaction = 0.04) varied by age. For example, younger depressed individuals had 0.45 standard deviation (SD) (95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.62, −0.29) worse PST Z-scores versus non-depressed younger participants, whereas older depressed individuals had 0.20 SD (95% CI = −0.32, −0.08) worse PST Z-scores versus non-depressed older participants. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms and age should be considered when interpreting measures of walking speed and cognitive function; these findings may have implications for analyses of neuroperformance change.

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Gender Minority Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Transitioned Swiss Transpersons

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/8639263 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tiziana Jäggi ◽

Lena Jellestad ◽

Salvatore Corbisiero ◽

Dirk J. Schaefer ◽

Josef Jenewein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Minority Stress ◽

Regression Models ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Gender Minority ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Multiple Regression Models ◽

Resilience Factors ◽

Minority Stress Model

Compared to the general population, transpersons are exposed to higher levels of discrimination and violence. The stigmatization of transpersons can lead to physical and psychological problems. In particular, transindividuals exhibit a higher prevalence of depression compared to the cispopulation. The gender minority stress model (GMSM) provides a comprehensive theoretical basis to interpret these biopsychosocial interactions. Using the GMSM, this study aimed to identify associations between experience of stigmatization and the mental health of transitioned transpersons using correlational analyses and multiple regression models. In total, 143 transpersons were recruited. Multivariate analyses identified three variables (i.e., unemployment, nonaffirmation of gender identity, and internalized transphobia) to explain variance of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, a mediation of the proximal factors between distal factors and depressive symptoms was found. However, the moderating effect of resilience factors was not demonstrated. The results confirmed the importance of distal and proximal minority stressors for the mental health of transpersons. At the same time, the protective influence of resilience factors seemed to be surprisingly minor. In the treatment of transpersons, practitioners should not only focus on somatic aspects, but also consider the person’s previous experiences of stigmatization.

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Relationships between the neighborhood environment and depression in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s104161021700271x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 1153-1176 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Anthony Barnett ◽

Casper J. P. Zhang ◽

Janice M. Johnston ◽

Ester Cerin

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Collective Efficacy ◽

Economic Status ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Neighborhood Environment ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Environmental Correlates ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Physical Attributes

ABSTRACTBackground:While depression is a growing public health issue, the percentage of individuals with depression receiving treatment is low. Physical and social attributes of the neighborhood may influence the level of depressive symptoms and the prevalence of depression in older adults.Methods:This review systematically examined the literature on neighborhood environmental correlates of depression in older adults. Findings were analyzed according to three depression outcomes: depressive symptoms, possible depression, and clinical depression. Based on their description in the article, environmental variables were assigned to one of 25 categories. The strength of evidence was statistically quantified using a meta-analytical approach with articles weighted for sample size and study quality. Findings were summarized by the number of positive, negative, and statistically non-significant associations by each combination of environmental attribute – depression outcome and by combining all depression outcomes.Results:Seventy-three articles met the selection criteria. For all depression outcomes combined, 12 of the 25 environmental attribute categories were considered to be sufficiently studied. Three of these, neighborhood socio-economic status, collective efficacy, and personal/crime-related safety were negatively associated with all depression outcomes combined. Moderating effects on associations were sparsely investigated, with 52 articles not examining any. Attributes of the physical neighborhood environment have been understudied.Conclusion:This review provides support for the potential influence of some neighborhood attributes on population levels of depression. However, further research is needed to adequately examine physical attributes associated with depression and moderators of both social and physical neighborhood environment attribute – depression outcome associations.

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