The evolution of water balance in
            Glossina
            (Diptera: Glossinidae): correlations with climate

The water balance of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) has significant implications for understanding biogeography and climate change responses in these African disease vectors. Although moisture is important for tsetse population dynamics, evolutionary responses of Glossina water balance to climate have been relatively poorly explored and earlier studies may have been confounded by several factors. Here, using a physiological and GIS climate database, we investigate potential interspecific relationships between traits of water balance and climate. We do so in conventional and phylogenetically independent approaches for both adults and pupae. Results showed that water loss rates (WLR) were significantly positively related to precipitation in pupae even after phylogenetic adjustment. Adults showed no physiology–climate correlations. Ancestral trait reconstruction suggests that a reduction in WLR and increased size probably evolved from an intermediate ancestral state and may have facilitated survival in xeric environments. The results of this study therefore suggest an important role for water balance physiology of pupae in determining interspecific variation and lend support to conclusions reached by early studies of tsetse physiology.

Download Full-text

Modelling the impact of climate change on the distribution and abundance of tsetse in Northern Zimbabwe

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-020-04398-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joshua Longbottom ◽

Cyril Caminade ◽

Harry S. Gibson ◽

Daniel J. Weiss ◽

Steve Torr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Population Dynamics ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Mechanistic Model ◽

Tsetse Flies ◽

Weather Station ◽

Catch Data ◽

Tsetse Population ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Climate change is predicted to impact the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. Tsetse flies (Glossina) transmit species of Trypanosoma that cause human and animal African trypanosomiasis. A previous modelling study showed that temperature increases between 1990 and 2017 can explain the observed decline in abundance of tsetse at a single site in the Mana Pools National Park of Zimbabwe. Here, we apply a mechanistic model of tsetse population dynamics to predict how increases in temperature may have changed the distribution and relative abundance of Glossina pallidipes across northern Zimbabwe. Methods Local weather station temperature measurements were previously used to fit the mechanistic model to longitudinal G. pallidipes catch data. To extend the use of the model, we converted MODIS land surface temperature to air temperature, compared the converted temperatures with available weather station data to confirm they aligned, and then re-fitted the mechanistic model using G. pallidipes catch data and air temperature estimates. We projected this fitted model across northern Zimbabwe, using simulations at a 1 km × 1 km spatial resolution, between 2000 to 2016. Results We produced estimates of relative changes in G. pallidipes mortality, larviposition, emergence rates and abundance, for northern Zimbabwe. Our model predicts decreasing tsetse populations within low elevation areas in response to increasing temperature trends during 2000–2016. Conversely, we show that high elevation areas (> 1000 m above sea level), previously considered too cold to sustain tsetse, may now be climatically suitable. Conclusions To our knowledge, the results of this research represent the first regional-scale assessment of temperature related tsetse population dynamics, and the first high spatial-resolution estimates of this metric for northern Zimbabwe. Our results suggest that tsetse abundance may have declined across much of the Zambezi Valley in response to changing climatic conditions during the study period. Future research including empirical studies is planned to improve model accuracy and validate predictions for other field sites in Zimbabwe.

Download Full-text

Modelling the impact of climate change on the distribution and abundance of tsetse in Northern Zimbabwe

10.1101/2020.07.03.186338 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua Longbottom ◽

Cyril Caminade ◽

Harry S. Gibson ◽

Daniel J. Weiss ◽

Steve Torr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Population Dynamics ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Mechanistic Model ◽

Tsetse Flies ◽

Weather Station ◽

Catch Data ◽

Tsetse Population ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundClimate change is predicted to impact the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. Tsetse flies (Glossina) transmit species of Trypanosoma that cause human and animal African trypanosomiasis. A previous modelling study showed that temperature increases between 1990 and 2017 can explain the observed decline in abundance of tsetse at a single site in the Mana Pools National Park of Zimbabwe. Here, we apply a mechanistic model of tsetse population dynamics to predict how increases in temperature may have changed the distribution and relative abundance of Glossina pallidipes across northern Zimbabwe.MethodsLocal weather station temperature measurements were previously used to fit the mechanistic model to longitudinal G. pallidipes catch data. To extend the use of the model, we converted MODIS land surface temperature to air temperature, compared the converted temperatures with available weather station data to confirm they aligned, and then re-fitted the mechanistic model using G. pallidipes catch data and air temperature estimates. We projected this fitted model across northern Zimbabwe, using simulations at a 1 km × 1 km spatial resolution, between 2000 to 2016.ResultsWe produce estimates of relative changes in G. pallidipes mortality, larviposition, emergence rates and abundance, for northern Zimbabwe. Our model predicts decreasing tsetse populations within low elevation areas in response to increasing temperature trends during 2000-2016. Conversely, we show that high elevation areas (>1000 M.A.S.L), previously considered too cold to sustain tsetse, may now be climatically suitable.ConclusionsThe results of this research represent the first regional-scale assessment of temperature related tsetse population dynamics, and the first high spatial-resolution estimates of this metric for northern Zimbabwe. Our results suggest that tsetse abundance may have declined across much of the Zambezi valley in response to changing climatic conditions during the study period. Future research including empirical studies is planned to improve model accuracy and validate predictions for other field sites in Zimbabwe.

Download Full-text

Spatially-Explicit Simulation Modeling of Ecological Response to Climate Change: Methodological Considerations in Predicting Shifting Population Dynamics of Infectious Disease Vectors

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi2030645 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 645-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Radhika Dhingra ◽

Violeta Jimenez ◽

Howard Chang ◽

Manoj Gambhir ◽

Joshua Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Infectious Disease ◽

Population Dynamics ◽

Simulation Modeling ◽

Disease Vectors ◽

Spatially Explicit ◽

Ecological Response ◽

Explicit Simulation ◽

Methodological Considerations

Download Full-text

METHODS OF RENOVATION OF LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH LANDSCAPE RECULTIVATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ROSTOV REGION)

Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии ◽

10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-26-2-43-58 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 43-58

Author(s):

Oksana Sadkovskaya

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Urban Planning ◽

Water Balance ◽

Urban Environment ◽

Water Saving ◽

Agricultural Landscapes ◽

Urban Spaces ◽

Urban Landscapes ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Planning Methods

One of major factors of deterioration in a microclimate of urban development in the conditions of the Rostov region, is degradation of landscapes owing to violation of water balance of the territory. In article the main reasons for violation of water balance which included natural features of the region, a consequence of anthropogenic influence, climatic changes, etc. are considered. Examples from the world practice of urban planning, which show the relevance and effectiveness of compensation for the effects of anthropogenic im-pacts and climate change using planning methods, are given. The experience of the United States, the Nether-lands, Canada and other countries that use water-saving technologies in planning is considered. The rela-tionship of urban planning and the formation of sustainable urban landscapes is shown. The integration of water-saving technologies into the urban environment can be a means of optimizing landscapes and a means of creating unique urban spaces. Reclamation of the urban landscape of low-rise buildings is a necessary step in creating a modern and comfortable urban environment in the conditions of the Rostov region. Meth-ods are proposed to compensate for negative changes in urban landscapes that can be applied at the stage of urban planning. As well as the proposed methods can be applied in the reconstruction of urban low-rise buildings. The considered methods concern not only urban landscapes, but also agricultural landscapes that surround small and medium-sized cities of the Rostov region. In article the author's concept of the organiza-tion of the low housing estate on a basis Urban- facies is submitted. Planning methods of regulation of water balance of the territory on the basis of models the ecological protective of landscapes are offered: an ecolog-ical core, an ecological corridor and an ecological barrier and also analogs from town-planning practice are considered. The reclamation of urban landscapes based on urban planning methods for regulating the water balance of the territory will allow creating unique urban spaces that are resistant to local climatic conditions and the possible consequences of climate change.

Download Full-text

Protecting Natural Resources

10.1093/oso/9780198795667.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jérémie Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Human Rights ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Environmental Law ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Human Rights Law ◽

International Environmental Law ◽

Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽

The Relationship ◽

Do So

This chapter focuses on the connection between the international legal framework governing the conservation of natural resources and human rights law. The objective is to examine the potential synergies between international environmental law and human rights when it comes to the protection of natural resources. To do so, it concentrates on three main areas of potential convergence. It first focuses on the pollution of natural resources and analyses how human rights law offers a potential platform to seek remedies for the victims of pollution. It next concentrates on the conservation of natural resources, particularly on the interconnection between protected areas, biodiversity, and human rights law. Finally, it examines the relationship between climate change and human rights law, focusing on the role that human rights law can play in the development of the current climate change adaptation and mitigation frameworks.

Download Full-text

Assessment of climate change impacts on water balance and hydrological extremes in Bang Pakong-Prachin Buri river basin, Thailand

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2020.109544 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 186 ◽

pp. 109544 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thundorn Okwala ◽

Sangam Shrestha ◽

Suwas Ghimire ◽

S. Mohanasundaram ◽

Avishek Datta

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Balance ◽

River Basin ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Hydrological Extremes

Download Full-text

Effects of Infectious Diseases on Population Dynamics of Marine Organisms in Chesapeake Bay

Estuaries and Coasts ◽

10.1007/s12237-021-00915-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jerelle A. Jesse ◽

M. Victoria Agnew ◽

Kohma Arai ◽

C. Taylor Armstrong ◽

Shannon M. Hood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Population Dynamics ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Chesapeake Bay ◽

Eastern Oyster ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

Ecosystem Dynamics ◽

Climate Change Effects ◽

Pathogen Dynamics ◽

Growth And Reproduction

AbstractDiseases are important drivers of population and ecosystem dynamics. This review synthesizes the effects of infectious diseases on the population dynamics of nine species of marine organisms in the Chesapeake Bay. Diseases generally caused increases in mortality and decreases in growth and reproduction. Effects of diseases on eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) appear to be low in the 2000s compared to effects in the 1980s–1990s. However, the effects of disease were not well monitored for most of the diseases in marine organisms of the Chesapeake Bay, and few studies considered effects on growth and reproduction. Climate change and other anthropogenic effects are expected to alter host-pathogen dynamics, with diseases of some species expected to worsen under predicted future conditions (e.g., increased temperature). Additional study of disease prevalence, drivers of disease, and effects on population dynamics could improve fisheries management and forecasting of climate change effects on marine organisms in the Chesapeake Bay.

Download Full-text