scholarly journals Experimentally enhanced performance decreases survival in nature

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 20190160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry F. Husak ◽  
Simon P. Lailvaux
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Green Anole ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Green Anole Lizards ◽  
Locomotor Capacity ◽  
Response To Exercise

Superior locomotor performance confers advantages in terms of male combat success, survival and fitness in a variety of organisms. In humans, investment in increased performance via the exercise response is also associated with numerous health benefits, and aerobic capacity is an important predictor of longevity. Although the response to exercise is conserved across vertebrates, no studies have tested whether non-human animals that invest in increased athletic performance through exercise realize a survival advantage in nature. Green anole lizards respond to exercise training, and enhanced performance drives trade-offs with reproduction and immunocompetence. We released sprint-trained, endurance-trained and untrained-control male and female green anole lizards into an isolated, urban island in New Orleans, LA, USA and monitored their survival. Sedentary controls realized a significant survivorship advantage compared to trained lizards. Our results suggest that locomotor capacity is currently optimized to maximize survival in green anoles, and that forcing additional investment in performance moves them into a suboptimal phenotypic space relative to their current environmental demands.

scholarly journals Prey availability affects territory size, but not territorial display behavior, in green anole lizards

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Chelsea M. Stehle ◽  
Andrew C. Battles ◽  
Michelle N. Sparks ◽  
Michele A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Display Behavior ◽  
Green Anole ◽  
Green Anole Lizards

Abstract MP12: Proteomic Predictors Of High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Response To Regular Exercise

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob L Barber ◽  
Guoshuai Cai ◽  
Jeremy M Robbins ◽  
Robert E Gerszten ◽  
Prashant Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Response To Exercise

Introduction: Regular exercise beneficially increases plasma HDL-C levels at the group level. However, variation in individual HDL-C responses to exercise highlight a need for predictive biomarkers of exercise response. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that baseline abundance of circulating proteins is predictive of HDL-C response to exercise and that identified proteins are part of a complex biological network of exercise response. Methods: We measured over 5,000 circulating proteins using an aptamer-affinity based platform (SomaScan) in 667 black and white adults from the HERITAGE Family Study. Fasting plasma HDL-C was measured at baseline and following 20 weeks of supervised endurance exercise training. To predict exercise induced changes in HDL-C using baseline abundance of circulating proteins, models were created using LASSO regression and a 70/30 training test data split with 10-fold cross validation. Biological pathways, networks, and functions involving proteins identified in predictive modeling were investigated by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and integrated molecular pathway level analysis (IMPaLA). Results: Regular exercise significantly increased HDL-C in the sample by 1.5 ± 4.6 mg/dL (p<0.0001), however marked inter-individual differences in response were present (range: -19.5 to +17.4 mg/dL). LASSO regression of circulating proteins only yielded a model of 120 proteins with similar but stronger predictive power to a model of 19 clinical traits (root mean square error = 4.52 and 5.3 mg/dL respectively). LASSO regression of both clinical and proteomic predictors resulted in a final model of baseline HDL-C and 116 circulating proteins, with an improved root mean square error of 4.11 mg/dL. Furthermore, this panel of 116 proteins was able to explain 40.0% of the variance in exercise induced changes in plasma HDL-C, while clinical predictors alone (including baseline HDL-C) explained only 3.9%. Pathway analysis of these 116 proteins identified several biological processes including pathways involved in the progression towards atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, mTOR signaling, and mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Conclusions: Circulating proteins may allow for prediction of exercise induced changes in HDL-C. Additionally, proteins predictive of HDL-C response to exercise are associated with important biological pathways and may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of the benefits of regular exercise.

Thermal dependence of locomotor capacity

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (2) ◽  
pp. R253-R258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Dependence ◽  
Performance Capacity ◽  
High Body ◽  
Locomotor Capacity ◽  
Lethal Limits

The thermal dependence of locomotor performance capacity, particularly speed and endurance, in vertebrate ectotherms is examined. Most studies have found an optimal speed for performance at relatively high body temperatures, close to upper lethal limits. These performance capacities decrease markedly at low body temperatures and may be compensated by increments in aggressive or evasive behaviors. Relative ranking of performance is maintained among individuals across body temperatures. Acclimation of performance capacities is generally incomplete or entirely absent: most animals compensate locomotor performance rather poorly to cold exposure. Locomotor performance in different groups has been shown to possess the attributes (e.g., variability, repeatability, heritability, and differential survivorship) necessary for evolutionary adaptation, but interpretation of comparative data is complicated by phylogenetic differences among species studied. Controlled studies show partial but incomplete adaptation to environmental temperature.

Mechanisms of decision making during contests in green anole lizards: prior experience and assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Garcia ◽  
Joseph Murphree ◽  
Jonathan Wilson ◽  
Ryan L. Earley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Green Anole ◽  
Green Anole Lizards

Fiber Type Composition of the Muscle Responsible for Throat Fan Extension in Green Anole Lizards

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Rosen ◽  
E.L. O’Bryant ◽  
D. Swender ◽  
J. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Green Anole ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Green Anole Lizards

The heart remains the core: cardiac causes of poor performance in horses compared to human athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.D. Wijnberg ◽  
S.H. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Cardiac Remodelling ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core ◽  
Equestrian Sports ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Cardiac remodelling occurs in response to exercise and is generally beneficial for athletic performance due to the increase in cardiac output. However, this remodelling also may lead to an increased prevalence of cardiac murmurs and arrhythmias. In most cases, these are not considered to be significant. However, in some cases, there may be potentially deleterious consequences. Whilst sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a rare occurrence, the consequences are catastrophic for both the horse and potentially the rider or driver. Furthermore, the sudden death of a horse in the public arena has negative connotations in regards to public perception of welfare during equestrian sports. Prediction of which individuals might be susceptible to potential deleterious effects of exercise is a focus of interest in both human and equine athletes but remains a challenge because many athletes experience cardiac murmurs and exercise-induced arrhythmias that are clinically irrelevant. This review summarises the effects of exercise on cardiac remodelling in the horse and the potential effects on athletic performance and SCD. The use of biomarkers and their future potential in the management of athletic horses is also reviewed.

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