Abstract MP12: Proteomic Predictors Of High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Response To Regular Exercise

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob L Barber ◽  
Guoshuai Cai ◽  
Jeremy M Robbins ◽  
Robert E Gerszten ◽  
Prashant Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Response To Exercise

Introduction: Regular exercise beneficially increases plasma HDL-C levels at the group level. However, variation in individual HDL-C responses to exercise highlight a need for predictive biomarkers of exercise response. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that baseline abundance of circulating proteins is predictive of HDL-C response to exercise and that identified proteins are part of a complex biological network of exercise response. Methods: We measured over 5,000 circulating proteins using an aptamer-affinity based platform (SomaScan) in 667 black and white adults from the HERITAGE Family Study. Fasting plasma HDL-C was measured at baseline and following 20 weeks of supervised endurance exercise training. To predict exercise induced changes in HDL-C using baseline abundance of circulating proteins, models were created using LASSO regression and a 70/30 training test data split with 10-fold cross validation. Biological pathways, networks, and functions involving proteins identified in predictive modeling were investigated by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and integrated molecular pathway level analysis (IMPaLA). Results: Regular exercise significantly increased HDL-C in the sample by 1.5 ± 4.6 mg/dL (p<0.0001), however marked inter-individual differences in response were present (range: -19.5 to +17.4 mg/dL). LASSO regression of circulating proteins only yielded a model of 120 proteins with similar but stronger predictive power to a model of 19 clinical traits (root mean square error = 4.52 and 5.3 mg/dL respectively). LASSO regression of both clinical and proteomic predictors resulted in a final model of baseline HDL-C and 116 circulating proteins, with an improved root mean square error of 4.11 mg/dL. Furthermore, this panel of 116 proteins was able to explain 40.0% of the variance in exercise induced changes in plasma HDL-C, while clinical predictors alone (including baseline HDL-C) explained only 3.9%. Pathway analysis of these 116 proteins identified several biological processes including pathways involved in the progression towards atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, mTOR signaling, and mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Conclusions: Circulating proteins may allow for prediction of exercise induced changes in HDL-C. Additionally, proteins predictive of HDL-C response to exercise are associated with important biological pathways and may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of the benefits of regular exercise.

Exercise-induced stimulation of K+ transport in human erythrocytes

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2157-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Lindinger ◽  
Peggy L. Horn ◽  
Simon P. Grudzien
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Plasma Composition ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Human Rbcs

The hypothesis was tested that exercise-induced changes in plasma composition stimulate unidirectional K+ transport ( J inK) in human red blood cells (RBCs). Ten men performed two 30-s high-intensity leg-cycling tests separated by 4 min of rest. Antecubital venous blood was sampled before exercise and at the end of the second exercise bout. RBCs were separated from true exercise plasma,42K was added to plasma, and RBC K+ transport was studied in vitro at 37°C. In the second part of the study, blood from nine healthy men studied in vitro at 37°C was used to test the hypothesis that exercise-simulated (ES) plasma stimulates net K+ transport and J inK (measured using 86Rb) in human RBCs. The J inK of resting RBCs added to true exercise plasma was 1,574 ± 200 (SE) μmol ⋅ h−1 ⋅ l−1vs. 1,236 ± 256 μmol ⋅ h−1 ⋅ l−1in true resting plasma at 2 min (controls). In true exercise and ES plasma, J inK was increased through activation of the ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+pump and the bumetanide-sensitive Na+-K+-2Cl−cotransporter. Increases in plasma osmolality and K+, H+, and epinephrine concentrations independently and in combination stimulated K+ transport into human RBCs. In a third series of experiments, in which ES plasma K+ concentration was continuously measured during the first 5 min of incubation of RBCs, a 1.6 ± 0.3 mmol/l decrease in plasma K+concentration occurred during the first 2 min. It is concluded that RBCs transport K+ at elevated rates in response to exercise-induced changes in plasma composition.

scholarly journals Experience affects exercise-induced changes in catecholamines, glucose, and FFA

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. R169-R173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Scheurink ◽  
A. B. Steffens ◽  
G. H. Dreteler ◽  
L. Benthem ◽  
R. Bruntink
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
First Time

The interference of the experimental conditions on the exercise-induced alterations in plasma catecholamines, plasma free fatty acids, and glucose and insulin concentrations was investigated in rats. Exercise consisted of strenuous swimming against a countercurrent (0.22 m/s) for 15 min in a pool with water of 33 degrees C. Before, during, and after swimming, blood samples were taken through a permanent heart catheter. The blood component levels in rats that were confronted with exercise for the very first time were compared with the levels in rats that were well accustomed to the exercise conditions. The very first time rats swam caused an enhanced release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla and a reduced output of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerve endings. Furthermore, in the first time swim group, blood glucose levels were higher and plasma free fatty acid concentrations were lower compared with the well-accustomed animals. There were no differences in plasma insulin concentrations. It is concluded that the experimental conditions may interfere considerably with the hormonal and metabolic response to exercise. Furthermore the results reinforce the idea that the two parts of the sympathoadrenal system are functionally and metabolically dissociated.

Exercise-Induced Changes in Compensatory Reserve and Heart Rate Complexity

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle B. Mulder ◽  
Sarah A. Eidelson ◽  
Mark D. Buzzelli ◽  
Kirby R. Gross ◽  
Andriy I. Batchinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Compensatory Reserve ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Heart Rate Complexity ◽  
Combat Casualties ◽  
Induced Changes

BACKGROUND: Portable noninvasive Heart Rate Complexity (HRC) and Compensatory Reserve Measurement (CRM) monitors have been developed to triage supine combat casualties. Neither monitor has been tested in upright individuals during physical exercise. This study tests the hypothesis that exercise evokes proportional changes in HRC and CRM.METHODS: Two instruments monitored volunteers (9 civilian and 11 soldiers) from the Army Trauma Training Department (ATTD) before, during, and following physical exercise. One recorded heart rate (HR, bpm), cardiac output (CO, L · min−1), heart rate variability (HRV, root mean square of successive differences, ms), and HRC (Sample Entropy, unitless). The other recorded HR, pulse oximetry (Spo2, %), and CRM (%).RESULTS: Baseline HR, CO, HRV, HRC, and CRM averaged 72 ± 1 bpm, 5.6 ± 1.2 L · min−1, 48 ± 24 ms, 1.9 ± 0.5, and 85 ± 10% in seated individuals. Exercise evoked peak HR and CO at > 200% of baseline, while HRC and CRM were simultaneously decreased to minimums that were ≤ 50% of baseline (all P < 0.001). HRV changes were variable and unreliable. Spo2 remained consistently above 95%. During a 60 min recovery, HR and CRM returned to baseline on parallel tracks (t1/2=11 ± 8 and 18 ± 14 min), whereas HRC recovery was slower than either CRM or HR (t1/2=40 ± 18 min, both P < 0.05).DISCUSSION: Exercise evoked qualitatively similar changes in CRM and HRC. CRM recovered incrementally faster than HRC, suggesting that vasodilation, muscle pump, and respiration compensate faster than cardiac autonomic control in young, healthy volunteers. Both HRC and CRM appear to provide reliable, objective, and noninvasive metrics of human performance in upright exercising individuals.Mulder MB, Eidelson SA, Buzzelli MD, Gross KR, Batchinsky AI, Convertino VA, Schulman CI, Namias N, Proctor KG. Exercise-induced changes in compensatory reserve and heart rate complexity. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(12):1009–1015.

Metabolic role of the exercise-induced increment in epinephrine in the dog

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. E428-E436 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Moates ◽  
D. B. Lacy ◽  
R. E. Goldstein ◽  
A. D. Cherrington ◽  
D. H. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Production ◽  
Plasma Glucagon ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Glucagon And Insulin ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Rest And Exercise

The role of the exercise-induced increment in epinephrine was studied in five adrenalectomized (ADX) and in six normal dogs (C). Experiments consisted of an 80-min equilibration period, a 40-min basal period, and a 150-min exercise period. ADX were studied with epinephrine replaced to basal levels during rest and to increased levels during exercise to simulate its normal rise (HE) and on a separate day with epinephrine maintained at basal levels throughout the study (BE). Cortisol was replaced during rest and exercise in ADX so as to simulate the levels seen in C. Glucose was infused as needed in ADX to maintain the glycemia evident during exercise in C. Glucose production (Ra) and utilization (Rd) were assessed isotopically. In C, epinephrine had risen by 95 +/- 25 pg/ml by the end of exercise. In HE, the increment in epinephrine (117 +/- 29 pg/ml) was similar to that seen in C, whereas in BE epinephrine fell by 18 +/- 9 pg/ml. Basal norepinephrine levels were 139 +/- 9, 260 +/- 25, and 313 +/- 33 pg/ml in C, HE, and BE, respectively. In response to exercise, norepinephrine increased by nearly twofold in all protocols. Basal and exercise-induced changes in plasma glucagon and insulin were similar in C and ADX. Ra increased similarly in C (5.3 +/- 0.6 mg.kg-1.min-1) and HE (4.9 +/- 0.6 mg.kg-1.min-1). In BE, Ra rose normally for the initial 90 min but then declined resulting in a rise of only 2.9 +/- 0.5 mg.kg-1.min-1 after 150 min of exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The influence of naloxone on exercise-induced increase in plasma pituitary hormones and the subjectively experienced level of exhaustion in healthy males

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Bramnert ◽  
Bernt Hökfelt
Keyword(s):  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Slow Infusion ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Maximal Working Capacity ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Healthy Males

Abstract. Opioid peptides seem to play a role as modulators of the pituitary function in man. In the present study, the effect of naloxone on exercise-induced pituitary hormone release and the subjectively experienced level of exhaustion were investigated in nine healthy males. A submaximal work test was performed on two occasions using a bicycle ergometer: 10 min on 50% of maximal working capacity (MWC), immediately followed by 10 min on 80% of MWC. Ten min before exercise, each subject received, in a single-blind randomized order, either a bolus dose of naloxone (100 μg/kg) followed by a slow infusion of naloxone (50 μg · kg−1 · h−1) or as a control a corresponding volume of the preservatives in the naloxone preparation as a bolus dose followed by an infusion of diluted preservatives. In the control studies, exercise induced a significant increase in GH, PRL, TSH and ACTH. The increase in ACTH was enhanced following naloxone. Naloxone was without effect on exercise-induced changes in GH, PRL and TSH. An increased level of exhaustion was experienced on 80% of MWC during naloxone. It is concluded that opioid receptors with a moderate sensitivity to naloxone are involved in the regulation of the ACTH response to exercise and also influence the subjectively experienced level of exhaustion.

APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING IN ANALYSING HISTORICAL AND NON-HISTORICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HERITAGE PRE-WAR SHOPHOUSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shahirah Ja'afar ◽  
Junainah Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
North East ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Fitting Model

Real estate is complex and its value is influenced by many characteristics. However, the current practice in Malaysia shows that historical characteristics have not been given primary consideration in determining the value of heritage properties. Thus, the accuracy of the values produced is questionable. This paper aims to determine whether the historical characteristics of the pre-war shophouses at North-East Penang Island, Malaysia contribute any significance to their value. Several Machine Learning algorithms have been developed for this purpose namely Random Forest, Decision Tree, Lasso Regression, Ridge Regression and Linear Regression. The result shows that the Random Forest Regressor with historical characteristics is the best fitting model with higher values of R-squared (R²) and lowest value of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). This indicates that the historical characteristics of the heritage property under study contribute to its significant value. By considering the historical characteristics, the property’s value can be better predicted.

scholarly journals Effect of glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced changes in lymphocyte function

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (4) ◽  
pp. C1259-C1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Krzywkowski ◽  
Emil Wolsk Petersen ◽  
Kenneth Ostrowski ◽  
Jens Halkjær Kristensen ◽  
Julio Boza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Lymphocyte Function ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Immune Changes ◽  
Response To Exercise

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of glutamine in exercise-induced impairment of lymphocyte function. Ten male athletes participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. Each athlete performed bicycle exercise for 2 h at 75% of maximum O2consumption on 2 separate days. Glutamine or placebo supplements were given orally during and up to 2 h postexercise. The trial induced postexercise neutrocytosis that lasted at least 2 h. The total lymphocyte count increased by the end of exercise due to increase of both CD3+TCRαβ+and CD3+TCRγδ+T cells as well as CD3−CD16+CD56+natural killer (NK) cells. Concentrations of CD8+and CD4+T cells lacking CD28 and CD95 on their surface increased more than those of cells expressing these receptors. Within the CD4+cells, only CD45RA−memory cells, but not CD45RA+naive cells, increased in response to exercise. Most lymphocyte subpopulations decreased 2 h after exercise. Glutamine supplementation abolished the postexercise decline in plasma glutamine concentration but had no effect on lymphocyte trafficking, NK and lymphokine-activated killer cell activities, T cell proliferation, catecholamines, growth hormone, insulin, or glucose. Neutrocytosis was less pronounced in the glutamine-supplemented group, but it is unlikely that this finding is of any clinical significance. This study does not support the idea that glutamine plays a mechanistic role in exercise-induced immune changes.

scholarly journals The Role of Exercise, Diet, and Cytokines in Preventing Obesity and Improving Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Muhammed Mustafa Atakan ◽  
Şükran Nazan Koşar ◽  
Yasemin Güzel ◽  
Hiu Tung Tin ◽  
Xu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

The prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide despite evidence-based public health recommendations. The promise to adopt a healthy lifestyle is increasingly important for tackling this global epidemic. Calorie restriction or regular exercise or a combination of the two is accepted as an effective strategy in preventing or treating obesity. Furthermore, the benefits conferred by regular exercise to overcome obesity are attributed not only to reduced adiposity or reduced levels of circulating lipids but also to the proteins, peptides, enzymes, and metabolites that are released from contracting skeletal muscle or other organs. The secretion of these molecules called cytokines in response to exercise induces browning of white adipose tissue by increasing the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes within the white adipose tissue, suggesting that exercise-induced cytokines may play a significant role in preventing obesity. In this review, we present research-based evidence supporting the effects of exercise and various diet interventions on preventing obesity and adipose tissue health. We also discuss the interplay between adipose tissue and the cytokines secreted from skeletal muscle and other organs that are known to affect adipose tissue and metabolism.

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