scholarly journals SUMOylation modification-mediated cell death

Open Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 210050
Author(s):  
Zenghua Sheng ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Ya-nan Deng ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
Shufang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Cellular Death ◽  
Substrate Protein ◽  
Substrate Proteins

SUMOylation dynamically conjugates SUMO molecules to the lysine residue of a substrate protein, which depends on the physiological state of the cell and the attached SUMO isoforms. A prominent role of SUMOylation in molecular pathways is to govern the cellular death process. Herein, we summarize the association between SUMOylation modification events and four types of cellular death processes: apoptosis, autophagy, senescence and pyroptosis. SUMOylation positively or negatively regulates a certain cellular death pattern depending on specific conditions including the attached SUMO isoforms, disease types, substrate proteins and cell context. Moreover, we also discuss the possible role of SUMOylation in ferroptosis and propose a potential role of the SUMOylated GPX4 in the regulation of ferroptosis. Mapping the exact SUMOylation network with cellular death contributes to develop novel SUMOylation-targeting disease therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Ecophysiology of egg rejection in hosts of avian brood parasites: new insights and perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Ruiz-Raya
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Egg Rejection ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Brood Parasites ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Proximate Factors

Abstract Egg rejection is the most effective and widespread defence used by host species to counteract the extreme fitness costs frequently imposed by obligate avian brood parasites. Yet, the proximate mechanisms underlying between- and within-individual variation in host responses remain poorly explored. Emerging evidence suggests that egg rejection is dependent on individual physiological state, and draws attention to the role of hormones as mediators of flexible antiparasitic responses. In this perspective article, I outline recent advances in our understanding of the proximate factors that mediate egg rejection. I also point out some areas where knowledge remains still lacking, especially those related to the development and maintenance of effective cognitive functions, the potential role of oxidative stress, immunological state and developmental stressors. I propose new hypotheses that stimulate future research on behavioural host responses towards brood parasitism.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Apoptosis and Necroptosis in Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Qingfei Chu ◽  
Xinyu Gu ◽  
Qiuxian Zheng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Haihong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cellular Energetics ◽  
Liver Cell Death

In addition to playing a pivotal role in cellular energetics and biosynthesis, mitochondrial components are key operators in the regulation of cell death. In addition to apoptosis, necrosis is a highly relevant form of programmed liver cell death. Differential activation of specific forms of programmed cell death may not only affect the outcome of liver disease but may also provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This review describes the role of mitochondria in cell death and the mechanism that leads to chronic liver hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. We focus on mitochondrial-driven apoptosis and current knowledge of necroptosis and discuss therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondrial-mediated cell death in liver diseases.

Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in ALS Pathogenesis and Possible Novel Therapeutic Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. S68-S70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Mazzini ◽  
Luca Mogna ◽  
Fabiola De Marchi ◽  
Angela Amoruso ◽  
Marco Pane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth and their Promise as Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Diseases and Injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyi Huang ◽  
Zizhuo Zheng ◽  
Ding Bai ◽  
Xianglong Han
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Abstract: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are relatively easy to isolate from exfoliated deciduous teeth, which are obtained via dental therapy as biological waste. SHEDs originate from the embryonic neural crest and therefore have considerable potential for neurogenic differentiation. Currently, an increasing amount of research attention is focused on the therapeutic applications of SHEDs in neurological diseases and injuries. In this article, we summarize the biological characteristics of SHEDs and the potential role of SHEDs and their derivatives, including conditioned medium from SHEDs and the exosomes they secrete, in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases and injuries.

scholarly journals Targeting Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signaling Pathway in Leukemias

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (26) ◽  
pp. 4422-4432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Benekli ◽  
Heinz Baumann ◽  
Meir Wetzler
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Stat Proteins ◽  
Constitutive Activation ◽  
Targeting Signal ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Stat Pathway

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins comprise a seven-member family of latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that are activated through tyrosine phosphorylation by a variety of cytokines and growth factors. Aberrant activation of STATs accompanies malignant cellular transformation with resultant leukemogenesis. Constitutive activation of STATs has been demonstrated in various leukemias. A better understanding of the mechanisms of dysregulation of the STAT pathway and understanding of the cause and effect relationship in leukemogenesis may serve as a basis for designing novel therapeutic strategies directed against STATs. Mechanisms of STAT activation, the potential role of STAT signaling in leukemogenesis, and recent advances in drug discovery targeting the STAT pathway are the focus of this review.

scholarly journals Yeast as a Tool to Study Signaling Pathways in Mitochondrial Stress Response and Cytoprotection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maša Ždralević ◽  
Nicoletta Guaragnella ◽  
Lucia Antonacci ◽  
Ersilia Marra ◽  
Sergio Giannattasio
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Model System ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Mitochondrial Stress ◽  
Pharmacological Manipulation ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Cellular Life

Cell homeostasis results from the balance between cell capability to adapt or succumb to environmental stress. Mitochondria, in addition to supplying cellular energy, are involved in a range of processes deciding about cellular life or death. The crucial role of mitochondria in cell death is well recognized. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with the death process and the onset of numerous diseases. Yet, mitochondrial involvement in cellular adaptation to stress is still largely unexplored. Strong interest exists in pharmacological manipulation of mitochondrial metabolism and signaling. The yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaehas proven a valuable model organism in which several intracellular processes have been characterized in great detail, including the retrograde response to mitochondrial dysfunction and, more recently, programmed cell death. In this paper we review experimental evidences of mitochondrial involvement in cytoprotection and propose yeast as a model system to investigate the role of mitochondria in the cross-talk between prosurvival and prodeath pathways.

scholarly journals Mitochondria-Ros Crosstalk in the Control of Cell Death and Aging

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Marchi ◽  
Carlotta Giorgi ◽  
Jan M. Suski ◽  
Chiara Agnoletto ◽  
Angela Bononi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Induce Cell Death

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules, mainly generated inside mitochondria that can oxidize DNA, proteins, and lipids. At physiological levels, ROS function as “redox messengers” in intracellular signalling and regulation, whereas excess ROS induce cell death by promoting the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Recent work has pointed to a further role of ROS in activation of autophagy and their importance in the regulation of aging. This review will focus on mitochondria as producers and targets of ROS and will summarize different proteins that modulate the redox state of the cell. Moreover, the involvement of ROS and mitochondria in different molecular pathways controlling lifespan will be reported, pointing out the role of ROS as a “balance of power,” directing the cell towards life or death.

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