scholarly journals Individual performance in team-based online games

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 180329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sapienza ◽  
Yilei Zeng ◽  
Alessandro Bessi ◽  
Kristina Lerman ◽  
Emilio Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ad Hoc Teams ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Player Performance ◽  
League Of Legends

Complex real-world challenges are often solved through teamwork. Of special interest are ad hoc teams assembled to complete some task. Many popular multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video-games adopt this team formation strategy and thus provide a natural environment to study ad hoc teams. Our work examines data from a popular MOBA game, League of Legends, to understand the evolution of individual performance within ad hoc teams. Our analysis of player performance in successive matches of a gaming session demonstrates that a player’s success deteriorates over the course of the session, but this effect is mitigated by the player’s experience. We also find no significant long-term improvement in the individual performance of most players. Modelling the short-term performance dynamics allows us to accurately predict when players choose to continue to play or end the session. Our findings suggest possible directions for individualized incentives aimed at steering the player’s behaviour and improving team performance.

scholarly journals Does Individual Performance Feedback Increase the Use of Retrieval Practice?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luotong Hui ◽  
Anique B. H. de Bruin ◽  
Jeroen Donkers ◽  
Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Testing Effect ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Feedback ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe testing effect—the power of retrieval practice to enhance long-term knowledge retention more than restudying does—is a well-known phenomenon in learning. However, retrieval practice is hardly appreciated by students and underutilized when studying. One of the reasons is that learners usually do not experience immediate benefits of such practice which often present only after a delay. We therefore conducted 2 experiments to examine whether students choose retrieval practice more often as their learning strategy after having experienced its benefits. In Experiment 1, students received individual feedback about the extent to which their 7-day delayed test scores after retrieval practice differed from their test scores after restudy. Those students who had actually experienced the benefits of retrieval practice appreciated the strategy more and used it more often after receiving feedback. In Experiment 2, we compared the short-term and long-term effects on retrieval practice use of individual performance feedback and general instruction about the testing effect. Although both interventions enhanced its use in the short term, only the individual feedback led to enhanced use in the long term by those who had actually experienced its benefits, demonstrating the superiority of the individual feedback in terms of its ability to promote retrieval practice use.

Social trust, norms and morality

Human Affairs ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Popper
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe article approaches the topic of social trust from an evolutionary perspective. It begins by summarising the most influential approaches that have defined specific and social trust and ascertains what causes differences in degrees of trust and how the potential risk of deception might be lowered. It then notes that the basis of morality had already been formed during the era of prehistoric man, who was able to create coalitions against aggressors and to socially control the behaviour of deviants. It points out, however, that having a certain predisposition to behaving cooperatively or an increased sensitivity to recognising and not tolerating behaviour aimed at abusing cooperation is not a sufficient guarantee of the fact that people will always (or at least in the majority of situations) favour cooperation over deception. One of the reasons for this is a tendency to favour short-term gains over long-term ones. The article argues that establishing norms (moral, social and legal) produces a higher level of social trust because it not only “encourages” individuals to behave in certain ways in particular situations but also works as a sanction which “discourages” the individual from socially deviant behaviour. The article then focuses on a debate about the causal relationship between social trust and social capital. It discusses the suggestion that political institutions, government and the judiciary may reduce rather than raise levels of social capital and consequently also the level of social trust. This is partly because of their powerful position and the consequent scope for corruption and partly because of the fact that even when attempting to act honestly, representatives of these institutions cannot sufficiently reflect upon dynamic change at the local level. Finally, the article ends by adopting the position that social trust is built primarily from bottom up and so it is risky to continually doubt the very existence and usefulness of social norms and morality and to be governed simply by legal norms.

CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS OF YOUNG STROKE.

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
Nitin Hiraman Suryawanshi ◽  
Amit Aggarwal ◽  
Abhijit Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Behavioural Pattern ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stroke In Young

A study of stroke in young patients has recently become a subject of interest. This is due to a lot of impact on the individual and society. Study of stroke in young patients can lead to therapeutical results affecting both short term and long-term outcomes. Our study is hospital based retrospective study for duration of 1 year. Thi Methods: Results: s study revealed stroke in young in 25.16% of all stroke cases, with cerebral infarction in 56% and followed by intracerebral haemorrhage in 25.64%, and cerebral venous thrombosis in 18%. The most common presenting symptom was hemiparesis. The most prevalent risk factor for stroke in young was hypertension followed by diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption and smoking. Stroke in young requires a differe Conclusion: nt approach to investigate and treat. This is due to different underlying etilogy as compared to elderly. Although traditional risk factors are associated with stroke, behavioural pattern such as smoking and alcohol may cause and promote development of stroke in young.

scholarly journals Post-Acquisition Performance of Emerging Market Firms: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Acquisitions in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Arindam Das
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Acquisition Performance ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
A Performance

M&A performance is a multifaceted, compound construct with no overarching factor that captures all different dimensions. This paper examines the concept of acquisition performance and proposes a model that links firm-level factors and transaction parameters with firms’ short-term and long-term performance, extending to financial-, market- and innovation measures. Building on past empirical studies on the influence of various factors on M&A performance, a multi-dimensional structural equation model has been developed and it has been tested with a dataset on acquisitions in the Indian technology sector over a period of ten years. The results suggest that: (a) smaller acquirers with higher book value and leveraged firms demonstrate better long-term performance; (b) contrary to established understanding, short-term market returns are not influenced by deal parameters; (c) majority stake purchases show relatively lesser gains—suggesting the possible presence of post-acquisition integration issues and, (d) acquirers with high intangible assets continue to do well on innovation performance post-acquisition. By indicating situations and conditions under which an acquisition would potentially lead to a performance gain for the acquirer, these results provide significant insight to practitioners pursuing M&As for growth opportunities.

Heroic leadership illusions in football teams: Rationality, decision making and noise-signal ratio in the firing of football managers

Leadership ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ketil Arnulf ◽  
John Erik Mathisen ◽  
Thorvald Hærem
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Team Leadership ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Signal Ratio ◽  
Management Positions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Similar to practices in top management positions worldwide, there has been an increasing tendency in recent decades to fire football managers when the team does not perform to the stakeholders' expectations. Previous research has suggested that improvements after change of manager are a statistical artefact. Based on 12 years of data from the Norwegian Premier League, we conduct a natural experiment showing what would have taken place if the manager had not been fired. In this case, the performance might have improved just as well and even quicker. Building on theories in expertise and decision making, we explore the data and argue that decision makers may be fooled by randomness and learn wrong lessons about team leadership. Our analyses support a post-heroic view of team leadership as an emergent, output variable. Exaggerated focus on the individual manager may ruin long-term performance. Practical implications are discussed.

Within-Person Variability in Performance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirali Minbashian
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Performance Variability

Understanding individual performance at work is an important element in developing effective talent-management systems. Although research on individual performance has largely addressed between-person differences in performance, more recently, focus has been on within-person variability in performance. This chapter reviews the literature on within-person variability. A model of individual performance is presented that incorporates short-term and long-term within-person performance variability and individual differences. The benefits of the model as a framework for explaining individual performance are outlined, as are its implications for the conceptualization of talent and the development of talent-management systems. Specific talent-management practices with respect to employee assessment and employee motivation are discussed.

scholarly journals Does Corporate Charitable Giving Help Sustain Corporate Performance in China?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keling Wang ◽  
Yaqiong Miao ◽  
Ching-Hui Su ◽  
Ming-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Zhongjun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Sales

We examined whether corporate charitable giving (CCG) in China benefits corporate performance (CP) in terms of sales growth (SG), return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q (TQ), and revealed several findings. First, testing shows variation in the impact of CCG on CP. Whereas the ratio of corporate charitable giving (RCCG) to total sales revenue does not significantly enhance SG, ROA, and ROE, it is positively related to TQ. Second, the positive relationship between RCCG and TQ originates from non-state-owned firms (NSOFs) rather than state-owned firms (SOFs). Third, Chinese firms may use CCG as traditional philanthropy to enhance long-term performance instead of strategically using it to generate short-term performance. Lastly, an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between RCCG and TQ, especially for NSOFs.

First Impressions, Team Satisfaction and Work-Related Flow: A Multilevel Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 782-786
Author(s):  
Sarah Berger ◽  
Jeffery Hanrahan ◽  
Andrea Bizarro ◽  
Robert Henning
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Team Satisfaction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ad Hoc Teams ◽  
Flow Experiences

First impressions of fellow team members, as well as individual satisfaction with one’s team, are each related to work-related flow experiences but they are rarely studied in combination. To address this gap we collected measures of all three in a laboratory study of dyadic teams (N=55). First impressions were assessed prior to the start of a management simulation task, and both team satisfaction and work-related flow were assessed afterwards. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that measures of team satisfaction at both the individual and team levels were predictive of work-related flow experiences; an interaction between the discrepancy in first impression ratings within each team and individual ratings of team satisfaction was also found. Findings suggest that discrepancies in first impressions interact with team satisfaction in ways that may negatively impact work-related flow experiences, which in turn has the potential to impair team formation and performance effectiveness of ad hoc teams.

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