scholarly journals Utilization of metakaolin-based geopolymer as a mud-cake solidification agent to enhance the bonding strength of oil well cement–formation interface

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191230
Author(s):  
Yuhuan Bu ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Jiapei Du ◽  
Shenglai Guo ◽  
Huajie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Calculation Methodology ◽  
Zonal Isolation

This research work designed a novel mud-cake solidification method to improve the zonal isolation of oil and gas wells. The calculation methodology of mud-cake compressive strength was proposed. The optimal formula of activator and solid precursors, the proper activating time and the best activator concentration were determined by the compressive strength test. The effects of solid precursors on the properties of drilling fluid were evaluated. Test results show that the respective percentage of bentonite, metakaolin, slag and activator is 1 : 1 : 0.3 : 0.8, as well as the optimum ratio of Na 2 SiO 3 /NaOH is 40 : 1. The optimum concentration of activator is 0.21 and the activating time should be more than 10 min. The solid precursors did not show any bad influence on the rheological property of drilling fluids. Even though the compressive strength decreased when the solid precursors blended with barite, the strength values can still achieve 8 MPa. The reaction of metakaolin and activator formed cross-link structure in the mud-cake matrix, which enhanced the connection of the loose bentonite particles, lead to the significant enhancement of shear bonding strength and hydraulic bonding strength. This mud-cake solidification method provides a new approach to improve the quality of zonal isolation.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Application of Cissus Populnea as Drilling Fluid Additive (Viscosifier) for Water Based Mud

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
A. D. I. Sulaiman ◽  
M. B. Adamu ◽  
Usman Hassan ◽  
S. M. Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Water Based

Progress in drilling engineering demands more sophistication from the drilling mud in order to enhance the usage of drilling fluids, hence numerous additives were introduced, and a simple fluid became a complicated mixture of liquid, solid and chemicals. Some of the challenges with the existing drilling fluid additives has to do with compatibility, degradability, safety, cost, and environmental friendliness. Studies have been carried out on the economic benefits of Cissus Populnea which includes in areas of food, medicine, shelter, and transport but much attention has been paid to its applications in the Oil and Gas industry. This study investigates the rheological properties of Cissus Populnea for application as drilling fluid additive (viscosifier) in Water Based Drilling Mud. Fresh roots, stems and leaves of cissus populnea were sourced from Bayara, Bauchi State. Some liquid exudates of cissus populnea were collected and stored for analysis while some of the samples were dried and grinded in to powdered form. Exudate of the samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD and XRF. Drilling mud was formulated with the samples cisssus populnea and bentonite at different temperatures. The rheology of the formulated drilling mud was investigated and compared with that formulated using bentonite and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Results from X-ray Fluorescence analysis show that the chemical composition of Cissus populnea stem and root are similar when comparing their major components (In2O3 and CaO), while that of leaf has its major components to be In2O3 and Cl. Therefore, in this research work, experiments were conducted with only stem and leaf since stem and roots have common features. From the results of FTIR spectra, the stem of cissus populnea has an OH peak wavelength of 3487.42 cm-1 while that of leave is 3340.82 cm-1. The diffractogram of the stem of cissus populnea was observed at 2q = 22.67o which is very close to that of CMC (2θ = 20.31o) while the intense peaks of leaf were observed at around 28.65o. Viscosity of cissus populnea was investigated and found to be decreasing with the increase in temperature for stem exudate. While for leaf exudate, the viscosity was rather increasing with the increase in temperature at temperatures below 35 oC and then continue to decrease with the increase in temperature. The outcome of this research has confirmed the applicability of cissus populnea for drilling fluid additives, viscosifier.

Comparative Analysis of the Rheological Behaviour of Irvingia Gabonensis Ogbono and Foreign Polymer for Bentonite Formulated Mud.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ayodele ◽  
David Ekuma ◽  
Ikechukwu Okafor ◽  
Innocent Nweze
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis

Abstract Drilling fluid are complex fluids consisting of several additives. These additives are added to enhance and control the rheological properties (such as viscosity, gel strength and yield point) of the mud. These properties are controlled for effective drilling of a well. This research work is focused on determining the rheological behavior of drilling mud using industry-based polymer and Irvingia Gabonensis (ogbono) as viscosifiers. Water based muds were formulated from the aforementioned locally sourced viscosifier and that of the conventional used viscosifier (Carboxylmetyl cellulose, CMC). Laboratory tests were carried out on the different muds formulated and their rheological properties (such as yield stress, shear stress, plastic viscosity and shear rate) are evaluated. The concentration of the viscosifiers were varied. The expected outcome of the research work aims at lowering the total drilling cost by reducing the importation of foreign polymer which promotes the development of local content in the oil and gas industry. The research compares the rheology of mud samples and the effect of varying the concentration (2g, 4g, 6g, 8g, and 10g) of both CMC and Ogbono and determining the changes in their rheological properties. The total volume of each mud sample is equivalent to 350ml which represent one barrel (42gal) in the lab. From the result, at concentration of 2g, the ogbono mud has a better rheology than the CMC mud, but at a concentration above 2g, CMC mud shows a better rheology than ogbono mud, that is, as the concentration of CMC is increased, the rheological properties of the mud increased while as the concentration of ogbono is increased the rheological properties decreased. The viscosity of the drilling fluid produced from the ogbono were lower than that of CMC, it could be used together with another local product such as cassava starch, offor or to further improve the rheology and then be a substitute to the conventional viscosifiers.

ENVIRONMENTAL DRILLING SOLUTIONS ON THE POLYMERIC BASIS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Flik ◽  
◽  
Y.E. Kolodyazhnaya
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Water Based

The article assesses the environmental safety of drilling fluids that are currently widely used in the oil and gas industry. It shows active development of water-based drilling fluid systems using xanthan biopolymer.

Heat Moisture Modified Rice Flours as Additive in Drilling Fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Bunyami Shafie ◽  
Lee Huei Hong ◽  
Phene Neoh Pei Nee ◽  
Fatin Hana Naning ◽  
Tze Jin Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Fluid Mixture ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Rice Flours

Drilling mud is a dense, viscous fluid mixture used in oil and gas drilling operations to bring rock cuttings to the earth's surface from the boreholes as well as to lubricate and cool the drill bit. Water-based mud is commonly used due to its relatively inexpensive and easy to dispose of. However, several components and additives in the muds become increasingly cautious and restricted. Starch was introduced as a safe and biodegradable additive into the water-based drilling fluid, in line with an environmental health concern. In this study, the suitability of four local rice flours and their heat moistures derivatives to be incorporated in the formulation of water-based drilling fluid was investigated. They were selected due to their natural amylose contents (waxy, low, intermediate, and high). They were also heat moisture treated to increase their amylose contents. Results showed that the addition of the rice flours into water-based mud significantly reduced the density, viscosity, and filtrate volume. However, the gel strength of the mud was increased. The rice flours, either native or heat moisture treated, could serve as additives to provide a variety of low cost and environmentally friendly drilling fluids to be incorporated and fitted into different drilling activity.

scholarly journals Formulation of cellulose using groundnut husk as an environment-friendly fluid loss retarder additive and rheological modifier comparable to PAC for WBM

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3449-3466
Author(s):  
Atul Kumar Patidar ◽  
Anjali Sharma ◽  
Dev Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Fluid Loss Additive ◽  
Rheological Modifier

Abstract The hydrocarbon extraction and exploitation using state-of-the-art modern drilling technologies urge the use of biodegradable, environment-friendly drilling fluid and drilling fluid additives to protect the environment and humanity. As more environmental laws are enacted and new safety rules implemented to oust the usage of toxic chemicals as fluid additives, it becomes inevitable that we re-evaluate our choice of drilling fluid additives. Drilling fluids and its additives play a crucial role in drilling operations as well as project costing; hence, it is needed that we develop cost-effective environment-friendly drilling fluid additives that meet the requirements for smooth functioning in geologically complex scenarios as well as have a minimal ecological impact. The current research work demonstrates key outcomes of investigations carried out on the formulation of a sustainable drilling fluid system, where groundnut husk is used as a fluid loss additive and a rheological modifier having no toxicity and high biodegradability. Cellulose was generated from groundnut husk at two varying particle sizes using mesh analysis, which was then compared with the commercially available PAC at different concentrations to validate its properties as a comparable fluid loss retarder additive as well as a rheological modifier. In the present work, various controlling characteristics of proposed groundnut husk additive are discussed, where comparison at different concentrations with a commercially available additive, PAC, is also validated. The API filtration losses demonstrated by the (63–74) µm and the (250–297) µm proposed additive showed a decrease of 91.88% and 82.31%, respectively, from the base mud at 4% concentration. The proposed husk additives acted as a filtrate retarder additive without much deviation from base rheology and with considerably higher pH than the base mud. This investigation indicates that the proposed fluid loss additive and rheological modifier can minimize the environmental hazards and have proved to be a cost-effective eco-friendly alternative in this challenging phase of the hydrocarbon exploration industry.

Well Clean-Up Using a Combined Thermochemical/Chelating Agent Fluids

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Oil And Gas Wells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cake Removal

The well clean-up process involves the removal of impermeable filter cake from the formation face. This process is essential to allow the formation fluids to flow from the reservoir to the wellbore. Different types of drilling fluids such as oil- and water-based drilling fluids are used to drill oil and gas wells. These drilling fluids are weighted with different weighting materials such as bentonite, calcium carbonate, and barite. The filter cake that forms on the formation face consists mainly of the drilling fluid weighting materials (around 90%), and the rest is other additives such as polymers or oil in the case of oil-base drilling fluids. The process of filter cake removal is very complicated because it involves more than one stage due to the compatibility issues of the fluids used to remove the filter cake. Different formulations were used to remove different types of filter cake, but the problem with these methods is the removal efficiency or the compatibility. In this paper, a new method was developed to remove different types of filter cakes and to clean-up oil and gas wells after drilling operations. Thermochemical fluids that consist of two inert salts when mixed together will generate very high pressure and high temperature in addition to hot water and hot nitrogen. These fluids are sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride. The filter cake was formed using barite and calcite water- and oil-based drilling fluids at high pressure and high temperature. The removal process started by injecting 500 ml of the two salts and left for different time periods from 6 to 24 h. The results of this study showed that the newly developed method of thermochemical removed the filter cake after 6 h with a removal efficiency of 89 wt% for the barite filter cake in the water-based drilling fluid. The mechanisms of removal using the combined solution of thermochemical fluid and ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) chelating agent were explained by the generation of a strong pressure pulse that disturbed the filter cake and the generation of the high temperature that enhanced the barite dissolution and polymer degradation. This solution for filter cake removal works for reservoir temperatures greater than 100 °C.

scholarly journals Study on the stability of a shear-thinning suspension used in oil well drilling

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia M. Fagundes ◽  
Nara B.C. Santos ◽  
João Jorge R. Damasceno ◽  
Fábio O. Arouca
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Shear Thinning ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Solid Liquid

In order to avoid solid-liquid gravitational separation of particles in the drilling fluid and cuttings generated in this process, the oil industry has been developing drilling fluids with shear-thinning and thixotropic characteristics. In case of operational stops in the drilling process, the intense sedimentation of these particles can damage the equipment used and the well. In this context, this study simulated an operational stop to obtain information about stability of solids in a paraffin-based suspension with time-dependent shear-thinning behavior, which has already been used in current drilling processes. A long-term test using gamma-ray attenuation technique identified the separation dynamics of a set of micrometric particles belonging to and incorporated into the drilling fluid during operation. This test verified the typical regions of gravitational sedimentation and, through constant concentration curves, indicated that the sedimentation process did not occur at a constant rate. This study also proposed a constitutive equation for pressure on solids.

Application Perspective of Environmentally Responsive Materials in the Downhole Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 799-805
Author(s):  
Gu Fan Zhao ◽  
Wei Na Di
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Petroleum Engineering ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Environmentally Responsive

Smart materials, especially environmentally responsive materials are the basis of many applications, and have attracted much more attentions. In recent years, application research of smart materials in the oil and gas industry has begun. Through principle/performance analysis, application environment comparison, and demand analysis, the application potential and application advantages of self-healing concrete, vibration energy-generating rubber and 4D intelligent structural materials in the downhole operations were evaluated. The application status of smart materials in petroleum engineering is introduced. At the same time, combined with the actual domestic engineering requirements, the long-term effect of improving underground plugging, the shale inhibition of drilling fluid, the downhole control and the efficiency of drilling operations are all proposed. For the application prospects, it is recommended to keep track of the research progress of environmentally responsive materials and carry out pre-research work on the application of advanced smart materials in the field of downhole operations.

Evaluation of Constitutive Equation for Stress in Solids in Porous Media Composed of Bridging Agents Used in Drilling Fluids

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1878-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Arantes Moreira ◽  
Flávia Cristina Assis Silva ◽  
Larissa dos Santos Sousa ◽  
Fábio de Oliveira Arouca ◽  
João Jorge Ribeiro Damasceno
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
The Stability

During oil well drilling processes in reservoir-rocks, the drilling fluid invades the formation, forming a layer of particles called filter cake. The formation of a thin filter cake and low permeability helps to control the drilling operation, ensuring the stability of the well and reducing the fluid loss of the liquid phase in the interior of the rocks. The empirical determination of the constitutive equation for the stress in solids is essential to evaluate the filtration and filter cake formation in drilling operations, enabling the operation simulation. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between the porosity and stress in solids of porous media composed of bridging agents used in drilling fluids. The concentration distribution in sediments was determined using a non-destructive technique based on the measure of attenuated gamma rays. The procedure employed in this study avoids the use of compression-permeability cell for the sediment characterization.

Nano-Enhanced Drilling Fluids: Pioneering Approach to Overcome Uncompromising Drilling Problems

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Abdo ◽  
M. Danish Haneef
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Size Distribution Of Particles

The idea of pushing the limits of drilling oil and gas wells by improving drilling fluids for undemanding and cost efficient drilling operations by extracting advantage from the wonders of nanotechnology forms the basis of the work presented here. Foremost, in order to highlight the significance of reducing the size distribution of particles, new clay ATR which has a chain like structure and offers enormous surface area and increased reactivity was tested in different sizes that were chemically and mechanically milled. Bentonite which is a commonly used drilling fluid additive was also tested in different particle size distribution (PSD) and rheological properties were tested. Significant reduction in viscosity with small sized particles was recorded. The tested material called ATR throughout this paper is shown to offer better functionality than bentonite without the requirement of other expensive additives. Experiments were performed with different size distributions and compositions and drastic changes in rheological properties are observed. A detailed investigation of the shear thinning behavior was also carried out with ATR samples in order to confirm its functionality for eliminating the problem of mechanical and differential pipe sticking, while retaining suitable viscosity and density for avoidance of problems like lost circulation, poor hole cleaning and inappropriate operating hydrostatic pressures.

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