Review Lecture: Metal recycling from scrap and waste materials

1976 ◽  
Vol 351 (1665) ◽  
pp. 151-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Precious Metals ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Processing ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Metal Recycling ◽  
Copper Refining ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals

Out of a total U. K. consumption of 2.5 million tonnes per annum (Mt/a) of non-ferrous metals with a value of about £1300 M, as much as 33% with a value of £300-400 M, is recovered from scrap. The structure of the industry which makes this important contribution to the economy is briefly outlined and the paper describes the technology by which the various non-ferrous metals are recovered in re-usable form from waste materials. Sections dealing with the following metals provide data on tonnages treated, descriptions of scrap arisings and the processes oper­ated for metal extraction and refining - copper, aluminium, lead, zinc, tin and precious metals. Reference is made to difficulties encountered and the efficiency of reclamation, such as the small amount of zinc recycled as metal. Under future developments, the possible wider use of oxygen in copper refining and hydrometallurgical processing of high value and complex scrap are discussed. Mention is made of the potential for metal recovery for domestic refuse and the rôle of the Waste Management Advisory Council is described.

scholarly journals The effects of the extraction of non-ferrous metals on the ichthiofauna of the Lapus river bassin

2007 ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Ardelean Gavril ◽  
Sándor Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Great Degree ◽  
Nonferrous Metal ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Alcoholic Drink ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals

Over the period 2003-2005 we made ichthyologic research in the basin of the Lapus river. During the sampling we noticed that in some area the water was polluted. In those areas fishweretotallyorpartiallymissing.The main pollution sources are those related to nonferrous metal extraction and processing, but there is also pollution from organic substances resulted from the communal residual waters, as well as the “tuica”(alcoholic drink) distilleries.Confronting the spots of the pollution sources with the results of the ichthyologic research.we noticed a significantcorrespondencebetween the qualitative and quantitative component of the ichthyofauna and the presence of these sources.We could, therefore prove the effect of the process of self-purificationofthewater,aswellastheexistenceofsomespeciesoffishshowing a great degree of tolerance towards pollution.

Microwave Vitrification of Model Heavy Metals Carriers From Wastewaters Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milota Kovacova ◽  
Michal Lovas ◽  
Stefan Jakabsky ◽  
Maximina Romero ◽  
Jesus Ma Rincon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Nickel Production ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Leaching Procedure

AbstractThe metallurgical industry of ferrous and non-ferrous metals produce huge amount of wastes. In Slovakia, the factory for nickel production was closed in 1993, but around 5.5 kt of wastes remain in a dump. This waste was used as a model sorbent of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Co) from wastewater treatments. The TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) test of precipitated heavy metals on waste materials has confirmed the necessity of waste stabilization. The microwave vitrification was applied because of a high content of iron in waste. After vitrification, the chemical durability and microhardness by indentation have been tested in the glassy and glassceramics obtained.

Review Lecture - The winning of non-ferrous metals, 1974

1974 ◽  
Vol 338 (1615) ◽  
pp. 419-437 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Extractive Metallurgy ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Platinum Metals ◽  
Primary Metal ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals

The primary-metal-producing industry, which is concerned with making metal from ore rather than from waste materials and scrap, is at present undergoing major changes in the technological processes and methods which are used. In both ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, application of the concepts and techniques generally described as ‘process engineering’ is having important effects on the design and operation of new manufacturing capacity. In non-ferrous extractive metallurgy there are, in addition, more fundamental changes taking place. Metals are being produced by using chemical reactions which have never before been employed for this purpose. There are several reasons why new processes and the new technology associated with their use are now being accepted by an industry which is by tradition extremely conservative. These reasons must be separately identified if the relative advantages of traditional and new methods of treating a particular ore are to be understood. It is convenient to outline first the kind of process generally referred to as ‘pyrometallurgical’ taking as an example an ore containing nickel, copper and platinum metals with gold.

scholarly journals Anodic Dissolution of Non-Ferrous Metals in a Glycerate-Alkali Electrolyte

2020 ◽  
Vol 989 ◽  
pp. 569-573
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Valnev ◽  
Vladimir G. Lobanov ◽  
Lev A. Lubnin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Anodic Dissolution ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Sweep Rate ◽  
Potential Sweep Rate ◽  
Potential Sweep ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Alkali Electrolyte

Studies have been conducted to assess the possibility of refining a lead collector containing precious metals, with the aim of obtaining lead using an economically viable technology. Studied the patterns of anodic oxidation of lead and impurities in alkaline-water-glycerate electrolytes, depending on the concentration of sodium hydroxide and glycerol in the electrolyte, the potential sweep rate.

scholarly journals Touchstones from Early Medieval chamber graves in Ciepłe, Eastern Pomerania

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Wadyl ◽  
Jakub Karczewski
Keyword(s):  
Precious Metals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reliable Indicator ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals

The precious metals of the early medieval period were the same as those of today. Knowing their purity was essential, which means that assaying and refining were of great importance. Touchstones have been used to assess the quality of precious metals since antiquity. Stone artefacts initially identified as whetstones were unearthed in two of the most prestigious chamber graves discovered at the cemetery in Ciepłe. Traces of precious and non-ferrous metals on the surface of the object from Grave 42 proved that this artefact was a touchstone. It is probable that the phyllite stone from the other grave served the same purpose. Tools of this type are often found in high-prestige burials in Europe, in some cases together with balance scales and weights, which suggests that the individuals in whose graves they were deposited had access to precious metals. Therefore interpreting touchstones as a reliable indicator of the high social standing of the deceased seems entirely reasonable.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical cleaning of gold-containing cathode deposits from heavy non-ferrous metal impurities

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1136
Author(s):  
Viktoria Zhmurova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals

The purpose of this paper is to conduct the research on hydrochloric acid cleaning of gold-containing cathode deposits from the impurities of heavy non-ferrous metals and mathematical processing of the experimental data obtained by the method of dispersion analysis. The atomic absorption method is used to study the chemical composition of the cathode deposits. The method of dispersion analysis is used to process experimental data. The composition of cathode deposit impurities is studied using x-ray spectral microanalysis. The study of the chemical composition of cathode deposits has shown that their main components are gold, silver, copper, lead, as well as non-metallic impurity compounds (CaO, SiO2, etc.). It is found that the optimal concentration of hydrochloric acid for cleaning gold-containing cathode deposits from heavy non-ferrous metals is 371 kg/m3; the degree of copper transition to solution is 69.06%, lead - 93.9%. The calculation of the expected mass fraction of precious metals in the alloyed gold demonstrates an increase in the mass fraction of gold by 14.08%, silver - by 17.46%. The study of the chemical composition of cathode deposits has also revealed that the main impurities that affect their subsequent processing are copper and lead. The latter fall into the ingot of alloyed gold, which is the target product of gold-bearing ore processing and complicate subsequent refining. The dispersion analysis of experimental data shows that solvent concentration significantly affects the transition degree of heavy non-ferrous metals to the solution starting from the value of 20.1 kg/m3. It is shown that the proposed method allows to increase the content of precious metals in the alloyed gold by 31.54%, as well as to perform maximum transition of copper and lead to the solution. The use of acid leaching of impurities from cathode deposits obtained by cyanide-sorption technology is one of the promising directions for improving the quality of gold-containing alloys and hence the reduction of the cost of refining services.

Survey of Metal Recovery in the U.S. WTE Industry

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Sunk
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Metal Recovery ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Front End ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Metal Recycling ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
The U.S

Part of the WTERT effort to increase the amount of metals recovered by the U.S. Waste-to-Energy industry was a survey to determine the type of equipment used for metal recovery and the quantities of ferrous and non-ferrous metals recovered, and the distribution in percent between front- and back-end recovered metals. A questionnaire was sent to the headquarters of the three major WTE companies and fifty three WTE plants responded with data for the year 2004. As mass burn and RDF plants were examined separately, a comparison of metal recovery by means of these two technologies was possible. The ways to recover metals in the U.S. WTE industry range from only manual separation of large objects at the tipping floor at mass burn facilities, to front-end recovery at RDF plants, to metal separation from the ash at the back-end of the WTE process or at a regional metal recovery facility. Accordingly, the amounts of metals recovered range from very little to over 40.000 tons per year. Comparison of the collected with estimated averages of ferrous (5%) and non-ferrous (0.7%) metals in U.S. MSW, indicated that 48% of ferrous and 9% of non-ferrous metal input are recovered at these 53 WTE facilities every year. The remainder is landfilled and represents a revenue loss that may be as high as $160 millions per year, including the payment of tipping fees for landfilling metals. Mass burn facilities recover an average of 43% of the ferrous and 5% of the non-ferrous metals, while RDF plants recover 71% of ferrous and 30% of non-ferrous of the assumed metal input. However, the metal input in some WTEs may differ from the U.S. average because of effective metal recycling practice in the community. Analysis of the front- and back-end recovery at mass burn and RDF plants shows that the former recover only 1% of the ferrous metal at the front-end and 99% from the bottom ash. In comparison, RDF plants recover 88% of the ferrous metal at the front-end and only 12% after combustion. Mass burn plants recover 94% of the non-ferrous metal at the back end. It is interesting to note that RDF plants also recover most of their non-ferrous metals (98% of the total) at the back-end. Our analysis shows that there is room for increasing metal recovery of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals at selected mass burn facilities that presently recover less than 10% of the input ferrous metals. Non-ferrous metal recovery is very low for mass-burn and low for RDF plants. Since the value of WTE metals has increased appreciably recently, due to increased consumption in China, it is a good time to consider plant modifications that will help increase metal recovery. Some of the most likely WTEs for implementing such modifications have been identified and discussions are under way for effecting plant retrofits at some facilities. A current objective is to obtain similar data from the nearly 30 facilities that were not included in the first part of this survey. We are also trying to determine how metal recycling practice in the communities that supply various WTE facilities correlates with the metal recoveries attained by these facilities.

Co-movements and spillovers between prices of precious metals and non-ferrous metals: A multiscale analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 101680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khamis Hamed Al-Yahyaee ◽  
Mobeen Ur Rehman ◽  
Idries Mohammad Wanas Al-Jarrah ◽  
Walid Mensi ◽  
Xuan Vinh Vo
Keyword(s):  
Multiscale Analysis ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals

scholarly journals Autoclave treatment of cakes after pressure oxidation leaching of chalcopyrite concentrates

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
A. V. Kritskii ◽  
M. A. Tretyak ◽  
К. A. Karimov ◽  
S. S. Naboichenko
Keyword(s):  
Precious Metals ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Pressure Oxidation ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Autoclave Treatment ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
Copper Refining ◽  
Chalcopyrite Concentrate

The existing technologies for copper-porphyry ores enrichment, located in deposits in the Urals of Russia, allow the production of chalcopyrite concentrates of the following composition, %: 21.5 Cu, 24.5 Fe, 26.5 S, 0.4 Pb, 17.6 SiO2, 1.8 CaO, 2–6 Au (ppm), 20– 40 Ag (ppm). A conventional technology for processing such concentrates includes autogenous smelting, matte desulfurization and blister copper refining. Pressure oxidation leaching (POX) is considered the most promising alternative technology for chalcopyrite concentrate processing. The POX of concentrates originated from Mikheevskii GOK allow the production a cake of the following chemical composition, %: 56–65 Fe2O3, 25–30 SiO2, 2.7 Ca, 0.3–1.0 Cu, 2–7 S, 0.6–0.8 Pb, 4–12 Au (ppm), 40–80 Ag (ppm); mass loss was 37–45 %. A standard method of cake cyaniding provides satisfactory indicators of precious metal extraction, but it requires a cumbersome area to be arranged for their processing and offers no solution for residue disposal. In this regard, this paper investigates the method of subsequent cake processing using autoclave treatment (AT) for iron removal. The study shows how the following parameters affect the results of this process: t = 110÷210 °C, H2SO4 = 15÷60 g/dm3, τ = 45÷ ÷120 min. A statistic description of the AT operation is developed. Recommended AT conditions (t = 110 °C, H2SO4 = 60 g/dm3, τ = 60÷100 min) allow to obtain the POX cake yield reduced to 30–35 % of the source material with the following composition, %: 28–33 Fe2O3, 47–53 SiO2, 2–5 Ca, 0.6–2.0 Cu, 0.8–1.5 Pb, 2–8 S. At the same time, the content of precious metals in the cake reaches 12–16 Au (ppm) and 80–120 Ag (ppm). Options for using AT products are proposed.

scholarly journals Simulation of the joint processing of pyrrhotite concentrate and nickeliferous oxidized ore

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Klyushnikov ◽  
◽  
Evgeny N. Selivanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Oxidative Roasting ◽  
Nickel Ores ◽  
Oxidized Nickel Ore ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals

In this paper the issues of improving the efficiency of processing of pyrrhotite concentrates and magnesia-silicate nickeliferous ores are reviewed. An original technology is proposed, its basic stages are partial oxidative roasting of the concentrate and joint contractile melting the calcine with nickel ores to gain matte. Roasting of the pyrrhotite concentrate allows to extract 70-80% of sulfur from the concentrate into gases riched with SO2, reduce desulfurization during melting and extract nickel, copper, cobalt and precious metals from both raw materials into the matte. The implementation of fluxing potential of nickel ore completely eliminates the use of fluxes during smelting and increases the specific productivity of metallurgical units in concern of raw materials. On the laboratory scale, the modeling of the main technological operations is performed to justify the technology. The possibility of separation of slag and matte with joint reagent-free melting (1400 ºC) of the product of partial oxidative roasting and oxidized nickel ore, taken in equal quantities, is theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed. Parameters of the roasting of the pyrrhotite concentrate: temperature 800 ºС, desulfurization degree 71.7%. Pyrrhotite concentrate contained (% wt.) 1.9 Ni, 0.2 Cu, and 0.06 Co. Oxidized nickel ore contained (%wt.) 1.2 Ni, and 0.06 Co. The slag basicity module (about 1) provides relatively low content of non-ferrous metals in the slag (% wt.): 0.24 Ni, 0.08 Co, and 0.04 Cu. Matte contained (%wt.) 8.9 Ni, 0.22 Co, 0.5 Cu, 58.7 Fe, 25.0 S, and 6.6 O. Extraction level in the matte was 87.8% nickel, 48.0% cobalt, and 73.3% copper from their content in the initial mixture. High levels of matte enrichment degree with respect to the charge were achieved; their values were 5.5 for nickel, 5.7 for cobalt, and 4.5 for copper. Desulfurization degree during melting and metallization degree of matte were close to zero. The matte was suitable for processing with known routes. The results are expected to be used in the development of technologies aimed to resumption of processing of oxidized nickeliferous ores from the Ural deposits.

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