Formal conditions for non-equilibrium phase transitions in semiconductors

1979 ◽  
Vol 365 (1723) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Reaction Kinetic ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Generation Mechanisms ◽  
Non Equilibrium

A systematic search is made for semiconductor models displaying non-equilibrium phase transitions induced by recombination and generation processes. Formal conditions are elaborated for some typical classes of reaction kinetic models with a phase transition. Under this aspect various recombination and generation mechanisms involving electrons, holes and traps are surveyed systematically, and subsequently two new classes of band–trap models exhibiting first and second order phase transitions, respectively, are constructed.

Semiconductor models for first and second order non-equilibrium phase transitions

1979 ◽  
Vol 365 (1723) ◽  
pp. 495-510 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Impact Ionization ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Far From Equilibrium ◽  
P Type ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Non-equilibrium phase transitions in semiconductors due to impact ionization from traps have been obtained theoretically, and are discussed in detail. They include first and second order phase transitions, and develop previous work, which was restricted to second order phase transitions involving band-band processes. The models include switching transitions from non-conducting to conducting states, and from n- to p-type states. They furnish simple illustrations of the general principle that a system which is driven far from equilibrium can exhibit new stable steady states.

scholarly journals Response theory and phase transitions for the thermodynamic limit of interacting identical systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (2244) ◽  
pp. 20200688
Author(s):  
Valerio Lucarini ◽  
Grigorios A. Pavliotis ◽  
Niccolò Zagli
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Thermodynamic Limit ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Critical Transitions ◽  
Autocorrelation Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fokker Planck Equations ◽  
Non Equilibrium

We study the response to perturbations in the thermodynamic limit of a network of coupled identical agents undergoing a stochastic evolution which, in general, describes non-equilibrium conditions. All systems are nudged towards the common centre of mass. We derive Kramers–Kronig relations and sum rules for the linear susceptibilities obtained through mean field Fokker–Planck equations and then propose corrections relevant for the macroscopic case, which incorporates in a self-consistent way the effect of the mutual interaction between the systems. Such an interaction creates a memory effect. We are able to derive conditions determining the occurrence of phase transitions specifically due to system-to-system interactions. Such phase transitions exist in the thermodynamic limit and are associated with the divergence of the linear response but are not accompanied by the divergence in the integrated autocorrelation time for a suitably defined observable. We clarify that such endogenous phase transitions are fundamentally different from other pathologies in the linear response that can be framed in the context of critical transitions. Finally, we show how our results can elucidate the properties of the Desai–Zwanzig model and of the Bonilla–Casado–Morillo model, which feature paradigmatic equilibrium and non-equilibrium phase transitions, respectively.

scholarly journals Crystallization of Binary Alloys and Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-551
Author(s):  
E. V. Radkevich ◽  
O. A. Vasil’eva ◽  
M. I. Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Binary Alloys ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Homogeneous State ◽  
Nonequilibrium Phase Transition ◽  
Nonequilibrium Phase ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Melt Cooling

A model was constructed for the reconstruction of the initial stage of crystallization of binary alloys as a nonequilibrium phase transition, the mechanism of which is diffusion stratification. Numerical experiments were performed. Self-excitation of a homogeneous state by the edge control melt cooling condition.

scholarly journals Mixed-order phase transition in a colloidal crystal

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (49) ◽  
pp. 12906-12909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricard Alert ◽  
Pietro Tierno ◽  
Jaume Casademunt
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Colloidal Crystal ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Mixed Order

Mixed-order phase transitions display a discontinuity in the order parameter like first-order transitions yet feature critical behavior like second-order transitions. Such transitions have been predicted for a broad range of equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems, but their experimental observation has remained elusive. Here, we analytically predict and experimentally realize a mixed-order equilibrium phase transition. Specifically, a discontinuous solid–solid transition in a 2D crystal of paramagnetic colloidal particles is induced by a magnetic field H. At the transition field Hs, the energy landscape of the system becomes completely flat, which causes diverging fluctuations and correlation length ξ∝|H2−Hs2|−1/2. Mean-field critical exponents are predicted, since the upper critical dimension of the transition is du=2. Our colloidal system provides an experimental test bed to probe the unconventional properties of mixed-order phase transitions.

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