scholarly journals An experimental investigation into the effects of traffic noise on distributions of birds: avoiding the phantom road

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1773) ◽  
pp. 20132290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. W. McClure ◽  
Heidi E. Ware ◽  
Jay Carlisle ◽  
Gregory Kaltenecker ◽  
Jesse R. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Visual Disturbance ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Control Site ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Migratory Period

Many authors have suggested that the negative effects of roads on animals are largely owing to traffic noise. Although suggestive, most past studies of the effects of road noise on wildlife were conducted in the presence of the other confounding effects of roads, such as visual disturbance, collisions and chemical pollution among others. We present, to our knowledge, the first study to experimentally apply traffic noise to a roadless area at a landscape scale—thus avoiding the other confounding aspects of roads present in past studies. We replicated the sound of a roadway at intervals—alternating 4 days of noise on with 4 days off—during the autumn migratory period using a 0.5 km array of speakers within an established stopover site in southern Idaho. We conducted daily bird surveys along our ‘Phantom Road’ and in a nearby control site. We document over a one-quarter decline in bird abundance and almost complete avoidance by some species between noise-on and noise-off periods along the phantom road and no such effects at control sites—suggesting that traffic noise is a major driver of effects of roads on populations of animals.

scholarly journals The Influence of Transport Infrastructure Development on Bird Diversity and Abundance

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Rashidi ◽  
Atefeh Chamani ◽  
Minoo Moshtaghi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dead Trees

AbstractIn recent decades, detrimental effects of roads have been the focus of numerous studies. Roadways have various negative effects, such as habitat fragmentation, noise and air pollution, on bird communities. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of traffic noise on the bird’s abundance during autumn period. Field operations were performed in a forest located parallel to a main high-traffic highway. The bird’s abundance was recorded using a point counting method at 27 points along three transects (65, 335 and 605 m from the road). The counting at each point was conducted every five minutes and repeated once every week (12 times during autumn). Environmental indices including the number of trees with DBH of over 20 cm, the number of standing dead trees, canopy cover percentage and Leq 30 were also measured. A total of 2950 bird belonging to 30 species were observed. The number of dominant species (more than 10) in the area considerably changed as the distance from the road increased. Leq 30 had the greatest correlation coefficient with bird abundance. Therefore, traffic noise has negative effects on the bird’s abundance in this area.

Development and regional planning within the decentralized administrative frame: case study (the Jordanian Experiment)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Mansour Safran
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Way

This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association

scholarly journals Environmental noise, its types and effects on health

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
The Impact

Noise can be defined as an undesirable sound that pollutes the environment. If noise is continuous and exceeds certain levels, negative effects on health can be observed. In recent years, the impact of environmental noise (road traffic noise, railway traffic noise, air traffic noise and industrial noise) on human health has come under increasingly intense scrutiny. Noise can cause a number of negative effects on health that directly or indirectly affect humans. The occurrence of some certain and harmful health effects drives the onset of others and may contribute to the development of various diseases. Health is not only a state of physical well-being, but also mental well-being. Mental health primarily depends on the quality of life, which can be affected by various environmental factors, such as noise. An important aspect of fighting noise is the most effective protection of the population by avoiding sources of noise and reducing it. This can be achieved by introducing new technical solutions and new technologies, including devices that generate less noise. Another important measure is educating the society and influencing the change of individual and collective behavior, which may contribute to reducing the harmful factor, which is noise in human life, and minimize the resulting negative effects on health.

scholarly journals The influence of cetane-detergent additives into diesel fuel increased to 10% (V/V) of RME content on energy parameters and exhaust gas composition of a diesel engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Winicjusz STANIK ◽  
Jerzy CISEK
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

To avoid the negative effects of increasing the amount of RME in the diesel fuel (to 10%), three different additive packages were used: stabilising, cleaning, and increasing the cetane number with different concentrations. The tests were carried out using a 4-cylinder, turbocharged 1.9 TDI engine from VW. The tests were carried out for 4 fuels (comparative fuel with a content of 7% RME and 3 test fuels with a content of 10% RME, differing in the content of the additive package.It was found that each of the 3 additive packages used does not have a significant impact on fuel consumption. However, a different effect of the tested additives on the composition of exhaust gases was observed. The first package had a slight effect on reducing the NOx concentration in the exhaust, but only for small engine loads. On the other hand, the second additive pack worked more effectively only at higher engine loads (in relation to the reduction of NOx concentration in the exhaust gases). In the third packet, the amount of the cetane additive was doubled (compared to the second packet). Then, the reduction in the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 3–8% was obtained with reference to the comparative fuel.

scholarly journals CONSUMER MISBEHAVIOR IN TOURISM MARKET

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Marta Grybś-Kabocik
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Consumer Decisions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Preventive Actions

The activities of misbehaving customers represent a significant problem for organizations across diverse sectors and industries. Their need for satisfaction is the most important driver of consumer behavior with the consumer choosing how they fulfill this need. Unfortunately, consumer decisions often lead to consumer misbehavior and negative effects on the service provider or on other consumers. Consumer misbehavior is difficult to control. First, it is not always possible to prove misbehavior of a particular consumer. On the other hand, preventive actions, like social campaigns, may not always reach the target audience. Moreover, neither service provider regulations nor monitoring of infrastructure sufficiently prevents consumers from misbehaving in every case. It seems, however, that the consumers who reject the fraudulent behavior of others have a crucial role in the fight against consumer misbehavior, as they are constant observers of this phenomenon and can react immediately. The aim of this article, therefore, is to present the concept of consumer misbehavior with examples relating to the tourism market. Moreover, the attitudes of consumers towards consumer misbehavior are examined through nethnographic research.

scholarly journals PERKAWINAN ANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAK ASASI MANUSIA

EGALITA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Tsalist Wildana ◽  
Irham Bashori Hasba
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Se Asia ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Age Of Marriage

<p>Marriage at the age of children still occur in some areas. Not only in Indonesia, in some areas is still high number of early marriages. Indonesia has had a regulation on the protection of children. But on the other hand the marriage at the age of children is still high even ranked second in Southeast Asia after Cambodia. This obviously shows that regulation owned does not run optimally. This article will discuss about some children's rights that are violated by the existence of early marriage. Despite showing some of the negative effects of marriage on the age of the child but at the end of this writing offers several formulations so that children in the age of marriage is not so much seized the rights of the child.</p><p>Perkawinan di usia anak masih marak terjadi di beberapa wilayah. Tidak hanya di Indonesia, di beberapa wilayah masih tinggi angka perkawinan dini.Di Indonesia telah memiliki regulasi tentang perlindungan anak. Namun disisi lain perkawinan di usia anak masih tinggi bahkan menduduki peringkat ke 2 se Asia Tenggara setelah Kamboja. Hal ini jelas menunjukkan regulasi yang dimiliki tidak berjalan optimal. Pada tulisan ini akan membahas tentang beberapa hak anak yang dilanggar dengan adanya perkawinan dini. Kendati menunjukkan beberapa dampak negatifdari perkawinan di usia anak namun di akhir tulisan ini menawarkan beberapa formulasi agar perkawinan di usia anak tidak begitu banyak menyita hak-hak anak.</p><p> </p><p align="center"> </p><p> </p>

Studies on Maize (Zea mays) at Bunda, Malawi. I. Yield in Relation to Rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. MacColl
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

SUMMARYYields of maize were determined in six years, on two soils, at up to four nitrogen levels following early and late planting. Without fertilizer nitrogen, high rainfall at the beginning of the growing season reduced yield on one soil but not on the other, while high rainfall at late silking and high total rainfall in the growing season reduced yields on both soils. As the level of fertilizer nitrogen increased, the negative effects of rainfall on yield tended to disappear. A three week delay in planting sometimes increased and sometimes decreased yield. The probable reasons for the observed effects of rainfall on yield are discussed.

Auditory Attention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Philip Beaman
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Auditory Distraction ◽  
Environmental Sounds ◽  
The One

The modern world is noisy. Streets are cacophonies of traffic noise; homes and workplaces are replete with bleeping timers, announcements, and alarms. Everywhere there is the sound of human speech—from the casual chatter of strangers and the unwanted intrusion from electronic devices through to the conversations with friends and loved ones one may actually wish to hear. Unlike vision, it is not possible simply to “close our ears” and shut out the auditory world and nor, in many cases, is it desirable. On the one hand, soft background music or environmental sounds, such as birdsong or the noise of waves against the beach, is often comfortingly pleasurable or reassuring. On the other, alarms are usually auditory for a reason. Nevertheless, people somehow have to identify, from among the babble that surrounds them, the sounds and speech of interest and importance and to follow the thread of a chosen speaker in a crowded auditory environment. Additionally, irrelevant or unwanted chatter or other background noise should not hinder concentration on matters of greater interest or importance—students should ideally be able to study effectively despite noisy classrooms or university halls while still being open to the possibility of important interruptions from elsewhere. The scientific study of auditory attention has been driven by such practical problems: how people somehow manage to select the most interesting or most relevant speaker from the competing auditory demands made by the speech of others or isolate the music of the band from the chatter of the nightclub. In parallel, the causes of auditory distraction—and how to try to avoid it where necessary—have also been subject to scrutiny. A complete theory of auditory attention must account for the mechanisms by which selective attention is achieved, the causes of auditory distraction, and the reasons why individuals might differ in their ability in both cases.

P–068 CatSper4 cation channel expression is low in male infertility and is affected by cryopreservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Kilic ◽  
T İrez ◽  
N Dayiolu
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Cation Channel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sperm Dna

Abstract Study question Is CatSper4 expression in sperm related to functional parameters and does cryopreservation affect CatSper4 expression? Summary answer In this study, it was aimed to investigate whether CatSper4 has a relationship with sperm parameters and is CatSper 4 affected by cryopreservation. What is known already CatSper membrane channels, known as cation channels, are thought to play an important role in the insufficiency of sperm physiology, acrosome reaction, and chemotaxis movement. There is no study on cation channel distribution in an infertile male patient. In addition, studies conducted in recent years have shown that cryopreservation techniques have negative effects on sperm DNA, but there is no analysis in the literature regarding the effects of cryopreservation on CatSper4 ion channel proteins. Study design, size, duration Samples of the patients who applied to the Andrology laboratory in the Medical Park Hospital IVF unit between March 1 and June 1 in 2020 were included in the study. Also, patients with no family history of no genetic anomalies , no varicocele and azoospermia were included.The study were divided into 4 groups in accordance with the male infertility guideline of the European Association of Urology as normozoospermic (control group), the asthenoteratozoospermia, teratozoospermia, and oligoastenotheratozoospermia. Participants/materials, setting, methods In this prospective study, semen analysis, DNA fragmentation, and CatSper 4 by IHC of control group patients with normospermia (n = 40) and oligospermia(n = 50), asthenospermia(n = 40), and teratozoospermia(n = 38) patients were compared and differences resulting from cryopreservation were evaluated by Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test. Main results and the role of chance It was observed that CatSper4 protein positivity was localized in the middle part of the sperm and it was statistically higher in the normozoospermic patient group compared to the other groups (p = 0,01). When the positivity values of CatSper4 protein before and after freezing were compared in the groups, it was seen that the values decreased (p = 0,001,p=0,01). Sperm DNA fragmentation was found to be lowest in normospermia and statistically significantly higher in other groups. Cryopreservation application increased DNA fragmentation in all groups (p &lt; 0,001 , p &lt; 0,01). Limitations, reasons for caution Unfortunately, embryo screening in patients with low CatSper4 expression is not available in the present study. Soon we plan to screen a broader clinical pregnancy series and present the IVF results associated with CatSper4. Wider implications of the findings: Our study indicated that, CatSper4 expression is quite high in normospermia when compared with the other groups, particularly oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and asthenoteratozoospermia. There are almost no studies on this subject in the literature, and we think that it should be studied in larger patient groups and in unexplained infertile cases. Trial registration number Not applicable

مكافحة الجرائم الإلكترونية وعقوباتها

2021 ◽  
pp. arabic cover-english cover
Author(s):  
أحمد المرضي ◽  
محمد النذير الزين
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Electronic Crime ◽  
Legal Measure

يتناولُ هذا البحثُ التعريفَ بتقنيةِ المعلوماتِ، وماهية الجريمة الإلكترونية، والأخطار الناجمة عنها وتصنيف المُجْرِمين الإلكترونيين، وتنويع الجرائم المُتعلقة بتقنية المعلومات، والأسباب التي تعزي إلى صعوبةِ الكشفِ عنها، وإيراد نموذجًا للجرائم التقنية وفقًا لأحكام القانون الجنائِيّ الإماراتِيّ والمصرِيّ المُتعلقين بمكافحة جرائم تقنية المعلومات. ويشيرُ البحثُ في إيجازٍ إلى: التعريف بالجريمة، وركنها المادي، وبيان شروط الركن المادي، والركن المعنوي، والعقوبة الأصيلة للجريمة، والعقوبة في صورتها المشددة، والعقوبات البديلة. وينطوي البحثُ أيضًا على الأسس الشرعية المُتضمنة حظر الجرائم الماسة بتقنيةِ المعلوماتِ تبعًا لنصوص القرآن الكريم، والسنة النبوية الشريفة، والقواعد الفقهية القاضية بحظر جرائم الانتحال الإلكتروني. ويشتملُ هذا البحثُ على مُقدمةٍ، وخمسة مباحث، وخاتمةٍ على النحو الآتـي: المبحث الأول الأصل الشرعي في تحريم الجرائم الإلكترونية، والمبحث الثاني تعريفات عامة للجرائم المعلوماتية وتصنيفها، والمبحث الثالث أنواع المجرمين المحترفين في المعلوماتية التقنية، وصعوبة اكتشافهم، والمخاطر الأمنية للإنترنت، والمبحث الرابع نماذج من أحكام القانون الجنائي الإماراتي والمصري في مكافحة الجرائم الإلكترونية، والمبحث الخامس الأدلة الرقمية لإثبات الجرائم الإلكترونية وفقًا للقضاءين الإماراتِيّ والمصرِيّ، ثمَّ جاءَت الخاتمةُ لتحتوي على أهم النتائج والتوصياتِ. By this forgoing paper which bearing the title: Combating Electronic Crimes According to Provisions of Criminal Laws of Emirates and Egypt, It Aims to, Enforcement to principals of shariah Law actualization which intents detterence commission crimes through mechanism of” Amr Bil Maroof and Nahy An Munkar”, actualization to the measures of shariah Law that prevent disobedience and electronic crimes. To explain that application of shariah legal maxims such as: "Al Ghurm Bi Al ghunm" whereby it implies whoever owns illegally as a result of committing an offense on a property of whosever should be suffered a penalty, typically to the legal maxim " La dharar wa La dirar ".(damage should be removed) The research methodology which adopted is the descriptive and analytical methods where the researcher intents to define, explains elements and punishments of the crimes. On the other hand the researcher under took the analytical method where he proceeds comparison between the provisions of the two selective criminal laws of Emirates and Egypt, for the achievement the purpose of identification of the similarity and distinctiveness. The problems that presumed to be settled by this research such as: Are there any legal basis to criminalize electronic crime with reference to shariah law? Are there any legal justifications to enforce punishment of fine on the criminal hackers? What are the dangerous consequences for committing the electronic crimes? What are the negative effects for commission electronic crime on individuals and societies at large, and what are the preventive international standards measure and strategies in this context? Concerning the expected achievements by this research, It will enrich the Islamic Library because a comparative research on this topic is so scarce and limited. It will guide the researchers by exploring a new referencing methods for application shariah law, It provides and exposes the legal measure for combating the electronic crimes by using the techniques of detection the electronic criminals by hiding cameras, intelligent phone thumb prints to enable the police investigative officer to deter, identify and arrest the electronic criminals. In the light of combating the researcher advices government officers’ bankers and others to provide top advanced sophisticated technological systems to protect their computers and account numbers against the expected threads of the electronic offences.

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