scholarly journals Reef fishes can recognize bleached habitat during settlement: sea anemone bleaching alters anemonefish host selection

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1831) ◽  
pp. 20152694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Scott ◽  
Danielle L. Dixson
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Flume Experiments ◽  
Heteractis Magnifica ◽  
Habitat Specialists ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Species Specific

Understanding how bleaching impacts the settlement of symbiotic habitat specialists and whether there is flexibility in settlement choices with regard to habitat quality is essential given our changing climate. We used five anemonefishes ( Amphiprion clarkii , Amphiprion latezonatus , Amphiprion ocellaris , Amphiprion percula and Premnas biaculeatus ) and three host sea anemones ( Entacmaea quadricolor , Heteractis crispa and Heteractis magnifica ) in paired-choice flume experiments to determine whether habitat naive juveniles have the olfactory capabilities to distinguish between unbleached and bleached hosts, and how this may affect settlement decisions. All anemonefishes were able to distinguish between bleached and unbleached hosts, and responded only to chemical cues from species-specific host anemones irrespective of health status, indicating a lack of flexibility in host use. While bleached hosts were selected as habitat, this occurred only when unbleached options were unavailable, with the exception of A. latezonatus , which showed strong preferences for H. crispa regardless of health. This study highlights the potential deleterious indirect impacts of declining habitat quality during larval settlement in habitat specialists, which could be important in the field, given that bleaching events are becoming increasingly common.

Extraction and characterization of sea anemones compound and its Anti bacterial and hemolytic studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar A ◽  
Raja Sheker K ◽  
Naveen B ◽  
Abhilash G ◽  
Akila CR
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Marine Plants ◽  
Heteractis Magnifica ◽  
Trididemnum Solidum

Seas assets that give us a variety of characteristic items to control bacterial, contagious and viral ailment and mostly utilized for malignancy chemotherapy practically from spineless creatures, for example, bryozoans, wipes, delicate corals, coelenterates, ocean fans, ocean bunnies, molluscs and echinoderms. In the previous 30 - 40 years, marine plants and creatures have been the focal point of overall endeavours to characterize the regular results of the marine condition. Numerous marine characteristic items have been effectively exceptional to the last phases of clinical preliminaries, including dolastatin-10, a group of peptides disengaged from Indian ocean rabbit, Dollabella auricularia. Ecteinascidin-743 from mangrove tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, Didemnins was isolated from Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum and Conopeptides from cone snails (Conus sp.), and a developing number of up-and-comers have been chosen as promising leads for expanded pre-clinical appraisals. Sea anemones possess numerous tentacles containing stinging cells or cnidocytes. The stinging cells are equipped with small organelles known as nematocysts. The two species of sea anemones namely, Heteractis magnificaandStichodactyla haddoni, were collected from Mandapam coastal waters of Ramanathapuram district, Tamilnadu, India. The Nematocyst was collected and centrifuged, and the supernatant was lyophilized and stored for further analysis. The amount of protein from Heteractis Magnifica and Stichodactyla haddoni was estimated. The crude extract has shown haemolytic activity on chicken blood and goat blood. In the antibacterial activity of the sea anemone against six bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Salmonella paratyphii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial activity of H. Magnifica and S.haddoni was measured as the radius of the zone of inhibition.

Local-scale Patterns of Larval Settlement in a Planktivorous Damselfish—Do They Predict Recruitment?

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Schmitt ◽  
SJ Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Larval Supply ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Spatial Variance ◽  
Immigration And Emigration ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Free Ranging

The degree to which local-scale spatial variation in larval supply predicted subsequent patterns in juvenile densities was examined for a planktivorous damselfish (Dascyllus trimaculatus) at Moorea, French Polynesia. D. trimaculatus young settle from the plankton to sea anemones, where they remain until becoming free-ranging adults. Daily settlement onto anemones without fish was estimated at several sites in a lagoon for one 14-day period and compared with patterns in the density of juveniles that had accrued after 10 successive settlement periods. Spatial variation attributable to larval supply occurred mostly among individual anemones, between the halves of each study site, and among different locations in the lagoon. In contrast, there was relatively little variation at any spatial scale in the density of young after 10 settlement pulses. Several mechanisms were examined that could account for the observed reduction in spatial variance through time, and three involving interactions with young already present were implicated. First, settlement was not independent of residents (the density of young already on an anemone); compared with the absence of fish, settlement was facilitated at low and inhibited at high densities of residents. Second, older juveniles moved among local anemones, and the immigration and emigration rates per capita varied with density on an anemone. Finally, per capita mortality during the first few days after settlement was density-dependent. These findings emphasize the critical need to distinguish among effects that arise from the delivery of larvae, the availability of appropriate habitat, and interactions that affect fish at settlement and immediately thereafter.

scholarly journals Engineered Substrates Reveal Species-Specific Inorganic Cues for Coral Larval Settlement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Levenstein ◽  
Kristen L. Marhaver ◽  
Zachary A. Quinlan ◽  
Haley M. Tholen ◽  
Lucas Tichy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Engineered Substrates ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Coral Community: Preliminary Biodiversity Survey of Churna Island, Northern Arabian Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-397
Author(s):  
Shahid Amjad ◽  
Nuzhat Khan ◽  
Saira Ishaq
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Coral Community ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Biodiversity Survey ◽  
Coral Communities

Biodiversity survey between Cape Monze and Churna Island was carried out for the assessment of coral assemblages in the area. During the present study, diving surveys were conducted to document the living corals that included deep sea coral, Coelenterates, Bryozoans, Gorgonia (Sea Fan), Scleractinian, (Stony Corals) Cnidaria (Hydroids), Porites (Small Polyp Stony), Pocilopora (Cauliflower Corals), Acropora (Hard Corals), sea urchins, sea anemones, coral fish spp, sea slugs, stone fish and bivalves were observed and documented. To have a better understanding of the distribution pattern “Shannon Weiner Biodiversity Index” for species diversity “H” (0.845-1.176) and evenness “J” (0.962-0.937) were calculated, the values indicate that the coral species were evenly distributed and did not show any significant variation in the area. Budding coral communities were observed at the sedimentary rock of Churna in patches, and showed a random distribution behavior all along the surveyed area. Random, scattered and aggregate distribution patterns of corals may be due to the wave beaten physical environment of Churna Island that do not allow sustainable growth of coral communities. Moreover, the high energy waves and water currents destablize and erode the sedimentary substrate on which corals grow. The corals are therefore unable to establish themselves to form a natural reef due to loss of natural living and non-living substrate. The ecology of Churna Island also under the influence of nearby coastal industries, and the Hub River influx causing floods in the SW monsoon period that may destablize rubble and increase the seawater turbidity level. These environmental factors contributing to the deterioration of present day corals, and larval settlement. It may be concluded that biological resources are renewable and can even increase with proper management techniques. Breakwater wall and artificial substrate must be encouraged to further facilitate the growth and development of Corals in the area.

scholarly journals The Spotted Cleaner Shrimp, Periclimenes yucatanicus (Ives, 1891), on an Unusual Scleractinian Host

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Ricardo González-Muñoz ◽  
Agustín Garese ◽  
Fabián H. Acuña ◽  
James D. Reimer ◽  
Nuno Simões
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Cleaning Stations ◽  
Cleaner Shrimp

The spotted cleaner shrimp, Periclimenes yucatanicus (Ives, 1891), forms symbioses with sea anemones that may serve as cleaning stations for reef fishes [...]

Novel epigenetic age estimation in wild-caught Gulf of Mexico reef fishes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nick Weber ◽  
Andrew T. Fields ◽  
William F. Patterson ◽  
Beverly K. Barnett ◽  
Christopher M. Hollenbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Lutjanus Campechanus ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Epigenetic Aging ◽  
Epigenetic Age ◽  
Red Grouper ◽  
Species Specific

Cutting-edge DNA methylation-based epigenetic aging techniques were applied to Gulf of Mexico northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus; n = 10; 1–26 years old) and red grouper (Epinephelus morio; n = 10; 2–14 years old). Bisulfite-converted restriction site-associated DNA sequencing was used to identify CpG sites (cytosines followed by guanines) that exhibit age-correlated DNA methylation, and species-specific epigenetic clocks developed from 100s of CpG sites in each species showed strong agreements between predicted and otolith-derived ages (r2 > 0.99 for both species). Results suggest epigenetic age estimation could provide an accurate and efficient approach to mass-aging fishes in a non-invasive manner.

scholarly journals Species-specific impacts of suspended sediments on gill structure and function in coral reef fishes

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1866) ◽  
pp. 20171279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Hess ◽  
Leteisha J. Prescott ◽  
Andrew S. Hoey ◽  
Shannon A. McMahon ◽  
Amelia S. Wenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Gill Structure ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Metabolic Performance ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sediment Exposure

Reduced water quality, in particular increases in suspended sediments, has been linked to declines in fish abundance on coral reefs. Changes in gill structure induced by suspended sediments have been hypothesized to impair gill function and may provide a mechanistic basis for the observed declines; yet, evidence for this is lacking. We exposed juveniles of three reef fish species ( Amphiprion melanopus , Amphiprion percula and Acanthochromis polyacanthus ) to suspended sediments (0–180 mg l −1 ) for 7 days and examined changes in gill structure and metabolic performance (i.e. oxygen consumption). Exposure to suspended sediments led to shorter gill lamellae in A. melanopus and A. polyacanthus and reduced oxygen diffusion distances in all three species. While A. melanopus exhibited impaired oxygen uptake after suspended sediment exposure, i.e. decreased maximum and increased resting oxygen consumption rates resulting in decreased aerobic scope, the oxygen consumption rates of the other two species remained unaffected. These findings imply that species sensitive to changes in gill structure such as A. melanopus may decline in abundance as reefs become more turbid, whereas species that are able to maintain metabolic performance despite suspended sediment exposure, such as A. polyacanthus or A. percula , may be able to persist or gain a competitive advantage.

scholarly journals Sea anemone and clownfish microbiota diversity and variation during the initial steps of symbiosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Roux ◽  
Raphaël Lami ◽  
Pauline Salis ◽  
Kévin Magré ◽  
Pascal Romans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Heteractis Magnifica ◽  
Sequencing Strategy ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractClownfishes and sea anemones form an intriguing long-term association, but the mechanism underlying this symbiosis is not well understood. Since clownfishes seem to cover themselves with sea anemone mucus, we investigated the microbiomes of the two partners to search for possible shifts in their compositions. We used a 16S rRNA gene sequencing strategy to study the dynamics of the microbiota during the association between the clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris and its host Heteractis magnifica under laboratory conditions. The experiment conducted in aquaria revealed that both clownfish and sea anemone mucus had specific signatures compared to artificial sea water. The microbiomes of both species were highly dynamic during the initiation of the symbiosis and for up to seven days after contact. Three families of bacteria (Haliangiaceae, Pseudoalteromonadacae, Saprospiracae) were shared between the two organisms after symbiosis. Once the symbiosis had been formed, the clownfishes and sea anemone then shared some communities of their mucus microbiota. This study paves the way for further investigations to determine if similar microbial signatures exist in natural environments, whether such microbial sharing can be beneficial for both organisms, and whether the microbiota is implicated in the mechanisms that protect the clownfish from sea anemone stinging.

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