scholarly journals Species-specific impacts of suspended sediments on gill structure and function in coral reef fishes

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1866) ◽  
pp. 20171279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Hess ◽  
Leteisha J. Prescott ◽  
Andrew S. Hoey ◽  
Shannon A. McMahon ◽  
Amelia S. Wenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Gill Structure ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Metabolic Performance ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sediment Exposure

Reduced water quality, in particular increases in suspended sediments, has been linked to declines in fish abundance on coral reefs. Changes in gill structure induced by suspended sediments have been hypothesized to impair gill function and may provide a mechanistic basis for the observed declines; yet, evidence for this is lacking. We exposed juveniles of three reef fish species ( Amphiprion melanopus , Amphiprion percula and Acanthochromis polyacanthus ) to suspended sediments (0–180 mg l −1 ) for 7 days and examined changes in gill structure and metabolic performance (i.e. oxygen consumption). Exposure to suspended sediments led to shorter gill lamellae in A. melanopus and A. polyacanthus and reduced oxygen diffusion distances in all three species. While A. melanopus exhibited impaired oxygen uptake after suspended sediment exposure, i.e. decreased maximum and increased resting oxygen consumption rates resulting in decreased aerobic scope, the oxygen consumption rates of the other two species remained unaffected. These findings imply that species sensitive to changes in gill structure such as A. melanopus may decline in abundance as reefs become more turbid, whereas species that are able to maintain metabolic performance despite suspended sediment exposure, such as A. polyacanthus or A. percula , may be able to persist or gain a competitive advantage.

scholarly journals The Effect of Suspended Sediment Loads on the Growth, Oxygen Consumption and Mucus Production of Pāua (Haliotis iris)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Taputukura Raea
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Sediment Loads

<p>Land based-effects, including sedimentation are threatening estuarine and coastal systems globally. Ecological systems are faced with significant pressures from human activities including toxic pollution, eutrophication, habitat fragmentation and sedimentation. In recent years sediment inputs into marine systems have been greatly accelerated through land-based activities such as urban-land use, agriculture, coastal developments, large scale land clearances and farming. Effects of sedimentation on marine organisms include suffocation, reduced foraging efficiency and clogging of the gills of filter feeders.  In New Zealand, sedimentation is the most important land-based stressor on the coastal marine environment. The pāua (Haliotis iris), is an important macroalgal grazer and is one of New Zealand’s top 10 seafood exports. However, little is known about the effects suspended sediments have on H. iris. The aim of this thesis is to experimentally test the effects of suspended sediment on the growth, oxygen consumption and mucus production for H. iris, using sediment concentrations that would naturally occur within Wellington Harbour, New Zealand.  Suspended sediment had no significant effect on H. iris growth or oxygen consumption. However, exposure to suspended sediments significantly reduced mucus production in H. iris. There were also trends in the data to suggest that respiration in smaller H. iris was reduced by suspended sediments.  Limited studies have explored the effect of suspended sediments on gastropods, even though sedimentation is one of the most significant land based stressors on the marine environment, not only in New Zealand, but also worldwide. This study has led to a better understanding of the potential implications suspended sediment may incur for not only H. iris, but also Haliotis species in general.</p>

scholarly journals The Effect of Suspended Sediment Loads on the Growth, Oxygen Consumption and Mucus Production of Pāua (Haliotis iris)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Taputukura Raea
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Sediment Loads

<p>Land based-effects, including sedimentation are threatening estuarine and coastal systems globally. Ecological systems are faced with significant pressures from human activities including toxic pollution, eutrophication, habitat fragmentation and sedimentation. In recent years sediment inputs into marine systems have been greatly accelerated through land-based activities such as urban-land use, agriculture, coastal developments, large scale land clearances and farming. Effects of sedimentation on marine organisms include suffocation, reduced foraging efficiency and clogging of the gills of filter feeders.  In New Zealand, sedimentation is the most important land-based stressor on the coastal marine environment. The pāua (Haliotis iris), is an important macroalgal grazer and is one of New Zealand’s top 10 seafood exports. However, little is known about the effects suspended sediments have on H. iris. The aim of this thesis is to experimentally test the effects of suspended sediment on the growth, oxygen consumption and mucus production for H. iris, using sediment concentrations that would naturally occur within Wellington Harbour, New Zealand.  Suspended sediment had no significant effect on H. iris growth or oxygen consumption. However, exposure to suspended sediments significantly reduced mucus production in H. iris. There were also trends in the data to suggest that respiration in smaller H. iris was reduced by suspended sediments.  Limited studies have explored the effect of suspended sediments on gastropods, even though sedimentation is one of the most significant land based stressors on the marine environment, not only in New Zealand, but also worldwide. This study has led to a better understanding of the potential implications suspended sediment may incur for not only H. iris, but also Haliotis species in general.</p>

Effects of suspended coal particles on gill structure and oxygen consumption rates in a coral reef fish

2021 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 112459
Author(s):  
K.L.E. Berry ◽  
S. Hess ◽  
T.D. Clark ◽  
A.S. Wenger ◽  
M.O. Hoogenboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Gill Structure

scholarly journals Oxygen Consumption Rates of Sponges and the Effect of UV-B Radiation and Sediment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Heather Joanne Rose Murray
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems ◽  
The Impact

<p>Sponges are an important part of many benthic ecosystems, but little is known of their physiology and ecology, which is alarming given the predicted rise in global environmental stress and observed increases in mortality and disease of these organisms. The overall aim of this study was to further understand the physiological processes of sponges and the influence of environmental stress on these organisms. Oxygen consumption rates were investigated, as this is an important measure of the energy required for all physiological activities. The impact of ultraviolet-B(UV-B) radiation and sedimentation on sponges were selected because their input into the marine environment has been predicted to increase in the future, yet little is known about their affect on these organisms. Oxygen consumption rates were measured from a number of temperate and tropical sponges in New Zealand and Indonesia. Variability in oxygen consumption rates was found within and between species from their respective habitats. Interestingly, oxygen consumption rates in the temperate sponges appeared to increase with the proportion of inorganic material (spicule load). Ultraviolet-B radiation, at 60microWcm-2, was found to have no affect on the oxygen consumption of model temperate and tropical sponges. Sponge oxygen consumption, however, increased with repetitive exposure to 2.5 g L-1of sediment, while rates decreased in specimens under higher levels at 8.5 and 16.5 g L-1. Explanations for differences in oxygen consumption rates were constrained by the low level of information on sponges at a species-specific level, and highlighted the needed for future bioenergetic research. The results from the UV-B and sedimentation work suggest that some sponge species may be able to tolerate increasing environmental stress with the onset of global climate change, although interactions between factors could have the potential to negatively affect these organisms.</p>

scholarly journals Oxygen Consumption Rates of Sponges and the Effect of UV-B Radiation and Sediment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Heather Joanne Rose Murray
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems ◽  
The Impact

<p>Sponges are an important part of many benthic ecosystems, but little is known of their physiology and ecology, which is alarming given the predicted rise in global environmental stress and observed increases in mortality and disease of these organisms. The overall aim of this study was to further understand the physiological processes of sponges and the influence of environmental stress on these organisms. Oxygen consumption rates were investigated, as this is an important measure of the energy required for all physiological activities. The impact of ultraviolet-B(UV-B) radiation and sedimentation on sponges were selected because their input into the marine environment has been predicted to increase in the future, yet little is known about their affect on these organisms. Oxygen consumption rates were measured from a number of temperate and tropical sponges in New Zealand and Indonesia. Variability in oxygen consumption rates was found within and between species from their respective habitats. Interestingly, oxygen consumption rates in the temperate sponges appeared to increase with the proportion of inorganic material (spicule load). Ultraviolet-B radiation, at 60microWcm-2, was found to have no affect on the oxygen consumption of model temperate and tropical sponges. Sponge oxygen consumption, however, increased with repetitive exposure to 2.5 g L-1of sediment, while rates decreased in specimens under higher levels at 8.5 and 16.5 g L-1. Explanations for differences in oxygen consumption rates were constrained by the low level of information on sponges at a species-specific level, and highlighted the needed for future bioenergetic research. The results from the UV-B and sedimentation work suggest that some sponge species may be able to tolerate increasing environmental stress with the onset of global climate change, although interactions between factors could have the potential to negatively affect these organisms.</p>

scholarly journals Oxygen consumption rates in subseafloor basaltic crust derived from a reaction transport model

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth N. Orcutt ◽  
C. Geoffrey Wheat ◽  
Olivier Rouxel ◽  
Samuel Hulme ◽  
Katrina J. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Reaction Transport ◽  
Basaltic Crust

The Relation of Oxygen Consumption to Body Size and to Temperature in the Larvae of Chironomus Riparius Meigen

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-395
Author(s):  
R. W. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chironomus Riparius ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight

1. The oxygen consumption rates of 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of Chironomus riparius have been measured at 10 and 20° C. using a constant-volume respirometer. 2. The oxygen consumption is approximately proportional to the 0.7 power of the dry weight: it is not proportional to the estimated surface area. 3. This relationship between oxygen consumption and dry weight is the same at 10 and at 20° C.. 4. The rate of oxygen consumption at 20° C. is greater than at 10° C. by a factor of 2.6. 5. During growth the percentage of dry matter of 4th-instar larvae increases from 10 to 16 and the specific gravity from 1.030 to 1.043. 6. The change in the dry weight/wet weight ratio during the 4 larval instar supports the theory of heterauxesis. 7. At 20° C., ‘summer’ larvae respire faster than ‘winter’ larvae.

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