scholarly journals Redirected aggression as a conflict management tactic in the social cichlid fish Julidochromis regani

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1871) ◽  
pp. 20172681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munehiko H. Ito ◽  
Motoomi Yamaguchi ◽  
Nobuyuki Kutsukake
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
Social Behaviours

Conflict management consists of social behaviours that reduce the costs of conflict among group members. Redirected aggression—that is, when a recently attacked individual attacks a third party immediately after the original aggression—is considered a conflict management tactic, as it may reduce the victim's probability of being the object of further aggression. Redirected aggression has been reported in many vertebrates, but few quantitative studies have been conducted on this behaviour in fishes. We examined the function of redirected aggression in Julidochromis regani , a social cichlid fish. Behavioural experiments showed that redirected aggression functioned to divert the original aggressor's attention towards a third party and to pre-empt an attack towards the victim by the third-party individual, specifically among females. We found, however, that redirected aggression did not delay the recurrence of aggression by the original aggressor. These results suggest that a primary function of redirected aggression is to maintain the dominance of its actor against a subordinate occupying an adjacent rank. This study provides, to our knowledge, the first evidence that redirected aggression functions to manage conflict in social fish.

Social status influences responses to unfamiliar conspecifics in a cooperatively breeding fish

Behaviour ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 152 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1821-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Y. Ligocki ◽  
Adam R. Reddon ◽  
Jennifer K. Hellmann ◽  
Constance M. O’Connor ◽  
Susan Marsh-Rollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group Member

In group living animals, individuals may visit other groups. The costs and benefits of such visits for the members of a group will depend on the attributes and intentions of the visitor, and the social status of responding group members. Using wild groups of the cooperatively breeding cichlid fish (Neolamprologus pulcher), we compared group member responses to unfamiliar ‘visiting’ conspecifics in control groups and in experimentally manipulated groups from which a subordinate the same size and sex as the visitor was removed. High-ranking fish were less aggressive towards visitors in removal groups than in control groups; low-ranking subordinates were more aggressive in the removal treatment. High-ranking females and subordinates the same size and sex as the visitor responded most aggressively toward the visitor in control groups. These results suggest that visitors are perceived as potential group joiners, and that such visits impose different costs and benefits on current group members.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
Daniel Roth
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Common Trends ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Third Party

The final chapter serves as conclusion to the book and examines the core conceptual questions through which the various case studies of third-party peacemakers were presented through the book, as well as identifying both common trends and variations between them. The core conceptual questions include: What was the social status of the third-party peacemakers and connection to the sides in conflict? Who took the initiative to intervene? Did the peacemakers bring the sides to a compromise agreement? Did they reconcile the conflict sides, and if so, how? The chapter concludes with a discussion on the scope of third-party peacemaking in Judaism, and the implications for today.

scholarly journals PERCEPTIONS OF ALGORITHMIC PROFILING ON FACEBOOK AND THEIR SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelia Tamò Larrieux ◽  
Eduard Fosch Villaronga ◽  
Shruthi Velidi ◽  
Salome Viljoen ◽  
Christoph Lutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Internet Firms ◽  
The Social ◽  
People’S Perception

With every digital interaction, individuals are increasingly subject to algorithmic profiling, understood as the systematic and purposeful recording and classification of data related to individuals. Large Internet firms, such as Facebook and Google/Alphabet, as well as third-party data brokers collect and combine detailed personal data to create sophisticated profiles for predictive purposes. Research has started to look into people’s perception and engagement of algorithms, showing that many users are unaware of the existence of algorithms, for example those which curate news feeds, and that a majority feels uncomfortable with algorithmic profiling on Facebook. In our research, we investigate perceptions of algorithmic profiling on Facebook by addressing the following questions: What user narratives of profiling on Facebook exist? What reactions do users have when confronted with Facebook’s inferred profiles? What are the social implications of user perceptions of profiling? Drawing on rich and recent survey data from 292 US-based Facebook users, we identified four overarching themes relating to Facebook's profiling activities: uncertainty, naiveté, realism, and fatalism. While the third theme is the most prevalent, Facebook is perceived as very powerful when it comes to algorithmic profiling. However, when confronted with their own profiles through the "My interests" and "My categories" sections in the Facebook Ad preferences menu, many users indicated surprise at how imprecise or even wrong some of the inferred interests and categories were. We discuss the social implications of our findings with regards social exclusion and social justice.

scholarly journals KESANTUNAN SEMU PADA TINDAK TUTUR EKSPRESIF MARAH DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mursia Ekawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Verbal anger is an expressive speech act. The language function that supported by expressive speech act is interactional, which is used to reveal social relationship and private attitude. The aims of this research is to get patterns of verbal anger in terms of expressive speech act in Bahasa. This research uses socio-pragmatic method to analyze through speech components, involving sociolinguistics and implicature. Data analysis is done by explaining the marker shapes as the indicator of anger and to whom (P1, P2 or P3) the anger is for. The result shows that speech act of anger are done through indirect sentences (interogative and affirmative sentences), implicit meanings and focus on the third party (P3). Anger to third party is realised as a pseudo politeness. The function of pseudo politeness is also for maintaining the social relationship between friends, families, and communities. This speech act of anger can be done through indirect sentences with the explicit meaning and focus on second party (P2). It is also done through direct sentences and explicit meanings with or without response from P2.

scholarly journals Kontrowersje wokół wykonywania pracy na rzecz własnego pracodawcy w rozumieniu art. 8 ust. 2a ustawy o systemie ubezpieczeń społecznych a zgodność tego przepisu z Konstytucją RP

2018 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
Maciej Jakub Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Social Insurance System ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
The Third ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Act ◽  
The Third Party

ON CONTROVERSIES OVER INTERPRETATION OF THE PHRASE “PERFORMING WORK FOR THE BENEFIT OF ONE’S EMPLOYER” WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 8 SECTION 2A OF THE SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM ACT AND CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THAT PROVISIONThe article discusses controversies over interpretation of the phrase “performing work for the benefi t of one’s own employer” within the meaning of Article 8 section 2a of the Social Insurance System Act. The author criticizes interpretation of this phrase based solely on abstract theses formulated in individual judicial decisions, especially the ones of the Supreme Court. When detached from facts on which they were based, they can lead to unreasonable interpretation of the provision in question. The phrase “for the benefi t of one’s own employer”, should be construed through the prism of a relation that takes place in a typical employment relationship. In the three-subject configuration, when services are provided to the employer and the role of the third party is reduced to placement of workers which makes them similar, in terms of scope of their business, to temporary work agencies, this results in recognition that under service contracts concluded with those workers work is provided for their employer. It is quite diff erent for the situation where the third party is obliged to provide employer with a particular product, which is produced in the course of their business. Then, the key factor should rely on establishing whether the party in question bears organizational, technical and production risks related to manufactured products. Furthermore, considerations contained herein lead to the conclusion that the normative content of Article 8 section 2a of the Social Security Act settled in the Supreme Court’s case-law is incompatible with the principle of citizens’ trust in the state and its law. Article 8 section 2a of the Social Security Act itself, at least when it comes to performing work for one’s own employer within a civil-law contract concluded with a third party, is incompatible with Articles 217 and 64 section 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Thus, opinions on how the law should stand were made herein.

The Role of Twitter in the World of Business

2013 ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Kevin Curran ◽  
Kevin O’Hara ◽  
Sean O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Business World ◽  
Business Context ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

This paper examines the services people seek out on Twitter and the integration of Twitter into businesses. Twitter has experienced tremendous growth in users over the past few years, from users sharing to the world what they had for lunch to their opinions on world events. As a social media website, Twitter has become the third most popular behind only Facebook and YouTube. Its user base statistics ensure a wide audience for business to engage with. However, many find this a daunting prospect as there are no set guidelines as to how business might use the service. The ability to post quick short messages for the whole of the social network to see has encouraged people to use this microblogging platform to comment and share attitudes on company brands and products. The authors present how the business world is using the social network site as a new communication channel to reach customers and examine other possible uses for Twitter in a business context. This paper also discusses how Twitter plans to move forward and evolve with its service, ensuring that personal, business and third party developers’ best interests are catered to.

scholarly journals Analysis and Solution of the Problems in the Distribution of Suning Tesco

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Canlong Lin ◽  
Jinghui Zhu ◽  
Jianhua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Structure ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status

ABSTRACT Logistics is the 'third party profit source' of the enterprise. At the end of the logistics, the distribution is the core component of the logistics system. It is an important part of the business activities. It is an important part of the enterprise's business activities. It is important to optimize the economic structure, save the social labor and give full play to the logistics function. To a great effect. This article is mainly based on Suning Tesco distribution as the research object, according to the Suning Tesco distribution of the status quo to determine its problems. The analysis of the existing problems and put forward targeted recommendations, so that Suning Tesco distribution can be further optimized.

Die Drittwirkung der gewerkschaftlichen Koalitionsfreiheit gemäß Art. 9 Abs. 3 S. 1 GG auf das Hausrecht des Arbeitgebers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
The Third ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Article 9 ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Third Party

With the third-party effect of trade union freedom of association under Article 9 (3) sentence 1 of the Basic Law on the employer's domiciliary rights, the study sheds light on a potentially particularly conflict-laden relationship between the social partners, which is likely to gain considerable importance in future legal practice. The study shows that in order to solve the problem, it is imperative to draw on the findings of fundamental rights doctrine on Article 9 (3) sentence 1 of the Basic Law, the observance of which leads to far-reaching modifications of the solution to the conflict provided for in simple law. In this context, problems of the enforcement of rights and consequences in labour procedural law due to the third-party effect of Article 9 (3) sentence 1 GG are also highlighted.

Social attribution, correspondence bias, and the emergence of stereotypes *This research has been completed in partial requirement of a doctoral dissertation of the first author under the supervision of the second author. We wish to thank the members of the social psychology division at the University of Louvain at Louvain-la-Neuve, especially Steve Rocher and Emanuele Castano for their insightful comments on preliminary drafts. This paper has been enriched by feedbacks received from Russell Spears, Roos Vonk, Margit Oswald, and anonymous reviewers. Many thanks to Philippe Kemp and Christophe Remy for their assistance in running the study, and to the students who volunteered to appear on the video. This research has been presented at the Social Cognition workshop of the Kurt Lewin Institute, workshop held at the Free University of Amsterdam in April 1998: we want to thank participants of this workshop and especially Gün Semin for their useful feedback. Completion of this study benefited from a research grant from the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research to the first author.

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk Rogier ◽  
Vincent Yzerbyt
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Bias ◽  
Social Attribution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dispositional Attributions ◽  
Kurt Lewin ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group Target ◽  
The University ◽  
Institute Workshop ◽  
Research Grant

Yzerbyt, Rogier and Fiske (1998) argued that perceivers confronted with a group high in entitativity (i.e., a group perceived as an entity, a tight-knit group) more readily call upon an underlying essence to explain people's behavior than perceivers confronted with an aggregate. Their study showed that group entitativity promoted dispositional attributions for the behavior of group members. Moreover, stereotypes emerged when people faced entitative groups. In this study, we replicate and extend these results by providing further evidence that the process of social attribution is responsible for the emergence of stereotypes. We use the attitude attribution paradigm ( Jones & Harris, 1967 ) and show that the correspondence bias is stronger for an entitative group target than for an aggregate. Besides, several dependent measures indicate that the target's group membership stands as a plausible causal factor to account for members' behavior, a process we call Social Attribution. Implications for current theories of stereotyping are discussed.

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