scholarly journals The concomitant effects of self-limiting insect releases and behavioural interference on patterns of coexistence and exclusion of competing mosquitoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1951) ◽  
pp. 20210714
Author(s):  
Maisie Vollans ◽  
Michael B. Bonsall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Reproductive Interference ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Release Ratio ◽  
Behavioural Mechanism

Aedes aegypti is the dominant vector of dengue, a potentially fatal virus whose incidence has increased eightfold in the last two decades. As dengue has no widely available vaccine, vector control is key to reducing the global public health burden. A promising method is the release of self-limiting Ae. aegypti , which mate with wild Ae. aegypti and produce non-viable offspring. The resultant decrease in Ae. aegypti population size may impact coexistence with Ae. albopictus , another vector of dengue. A behavioural mechanism influencing coexistence between these species is reproductive interference, where incomplete species recognition results in heterospecifics engaging in mating activities. We develop a theoretical framework to investigate the interaction between self-limiting Ae. aegypti releases and reproductive interference between Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus on patterns of coexistence. In the absence of self-limiting Ae. aegypti release, coexistence can occur when the strength of reproductive interference experienced by both species is low. Results show that substantial overflooding with self-limiting Ae. aegypti prevents coexistence. For lower release ratios, as the release ratio increases, coexistence can occur when the strength of reproductive interference is increasingly high for Ae. albopictus and increasingly low for Ae. aegypti . This emphasizes the importance of including behavioural ecological processes into population models to evaluate the efficacy of vector control.

DEPRESSION AND LOW SERUM LEVELS OF DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASING NUMBER OF PREGNANCIES AMONG POSTPARTUM OMANI WOMEN

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Lamya Al Kharusi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
The Status ◽  
Low Serum

Depression is a global public-health burden. It has been suggested that dietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during the prenatal stage may lead to an improvement in postpartum depression. No relevant studies have been conducted in the Sultanate of Oman investigating the status of depression and serum levels of DHA during postpartum period.

Detection of Flaviviral-Like DNA Sequences in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Collected From Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa B Bonica ◽  
Dario E Balcazar ◽  
Ailen Chuchuy ◽  
Jorge A Barneche ◽  
Carolina Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
The World ◽  
Aegypti Genome ◽  
Dengue Epidemics

Abstract Diseases caused by flaviviruses are a major public health burden across the world. In the past decades, South America has suffered dengue epidemics, the re-emergence of yellow fever and St. Louis encephalitis viruses, and the introduction of West Nile and Zika viruses. Many insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) that cannot replicate in vertebrate cells have recently been described. In this study, we analyzed field-collected mosquito samples from six different ecoregions of Argentina to detect flaviviruses. We did not find any RNA belonging to pathogenic flaviviruses or ISFs in adults or immature stages. However, flaviviral-like DNA similar to flavivirus NS5 region was detected in 83–100% of Aedes aegypti (L.). Despite being previously described as an ancient element in the Ae. aegypti genome, the flaviviral-like DNA sequence was not detected in all Ae. aegypti samples and sequences obtained did not form a monophyletic group, possibly reflecting the genetic diversity of mosquito populations in Argentina.

Tuberculosis and notifiable skin diseases amongst a representative cohort of refugees in Germany (2014–16)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D Dissmann ◽  
Felix Koehring ◽  
Florian Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Representative Cohort ◽  
Screening Result

Abstract Until now, systematic surveillance for infectious diseases in refugees is still missing. For that reason, this study aims at illustrating the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and notifiable skin diseases in a representative cohort of refugees in Lippe, a district of the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. We collected data on notifiable communicable diseases (TB, scabies, and head lice) from refugees (n = 8946) based on a medical screening after their arrival from October 2014 until May 2016. Data were analysed using descriptive and bivariate methods. Overall, we found 63 of 8764 screened refugees to have an abnormal TB screening result (0.72%). Of 8946 screened refugees, only 51 individuals were found to have scabies (0.57%) and a further 49 were tested positive for head lice (0.55%). The absolute number of TB cases indicate only a moderate public health burden. However, communicable skin diseases can become a problem in crowded holding camps, where they can cause local outbreaks.

scholarly journals COVID-19-related anxiety disorder in Iraq during the pandemic: an online cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Kazim Karim ◽  
Perjan Hashim Taha ◽  
Nazar Mohammad Mohammad Amin ◽  
Habeeb Shuhaib Ahmed ◽  
Miami Kadhim Yousif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Health Burden

Abstract Background The COVID-19 outbreak is an unprecedented global public health burden, which popped up in China in late 2019 to early 2020 and distributed worldwide rapidly. Indeed, this pandemic transmission has raised global physical and mental health concerns. Mental health issues that concur with this public health emergency may pose anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. In Iraq, there are no registered known data on the psychological consequence of the public during the communicable disease outbreak. The ongoing study aims to address the paucity of these data as an appraisal of the mental health burden represented by anxiety disorder related to the global COVID-19 era. Results Among the 1591 Iraqi respondents, 788 (49.5%) accounted for having health anxiety over the current home restriction situation. Younger ages experienced more COVID-19-related health anxiety compared to older ages. Females reported higher health anxiety compared to males (57.7% vs 42.3%). The health care professionals reported 20.9% health anxiety. The Iraqi southern population displayed more health anxiety compared to the northern and middle portions. This work showed about half of the respondents were spending over 60 min focusing on news of COVID-19. We found that 80 to 90% carrying out preventive efforts and home quarantine against COVID-19 infection. Interestingly, participants experienced fear from the risk of COVID-19 infection, whether more or equal to a level of war scare, in 70.1% of the sample. Conclusions In Iraq, during the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly half of the respondents have health anxiety. Southern Iraqi cities displayed higher rates of anxiety. Also, being female, younger ages, holding an academic degree, or being a college student are associated with more prominent degrees of anxiety. Furtherly, it is important to adopt strategies for public health education and prevention and alerting future governmental responses focusing on psychological state impact among the general population.

scholarly journals Research output and the public health burden of cancer: is there any relationship?

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Patafio ◽  
S.C. Brooks ◽  
X. Wei ◽  
Y. Peng ◽  
J. Biagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Burden

Purpose The relative distribution of research output across cancer sites is not well described. Here, we evaluate whether the volume of published research is proportional to the public health burden of individual cancers. We also explore whether research output is proportional to research funding.Methods Statistics from the Canadian and American cancer societies were used to identify the top ten causes of cancer death in 2013. All journal articles and clinical trials published in 2013 by Canadian or U.S. authors for those cancers were identified. Total research funding in Canada by cancer site was obtained from the Canadian Cancer Research Alliance. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to describe the relationship between research output, cancer mortality, and research funding.Results We identified 19,361 publications and 2661 clinical trials. The proportion of publications and clinical trials was substantially lower than the proportion of deaths for lung (41% deaths, 15% publications, 16% clinical trials), colorectal (14%, 7%, 6%), pancreatic (10%, 7%, 5%), and gastroesophageal (7%, 5%, 3%) cancers. Conversely, research output was substantially greater than the proportion of deaths for breast cancer (10% deaths, 29% publications, 30% clinical trials) and prostate cancer (8%, 15%, 17%). We observed a stronger correlation between research output and funding (publications r = 0.894, p < 0.001; clinical trials r = 0.923, p < 0.001) than between research output and cancer mortality (r = 0.363, p = 0.303; r = 0.340, p = 0.337).Conclusions Research output is not well correlated with the public health burden of individual cancers, but is correlated with the relative level of research funding.

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