scholarly journals Chemical researches on the blood, and some other animal fluids

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 416-418
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
The State ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The author, after referring to those authorities by which he had been misled into the supposition that the colour of the blood depended on the presence of iron, until he had tried how slight effect it produced by infusion of galls, proceeds to a series of experiments which he has made upon chyle and on lymph, for the purpose of comparing their composition with that of bloody the examination of which is divided into three sections, in which he treats separately of the serum, the coagulum, and the colouring matter. The chyle employed in these analyses was collected by Mr. Brande while assisting Mr. Home and Mr. Brodie in their experiments on different animals; attention being always paid to the interval that had elapsed since the last meal; upon which circumstance its qualities were found to depend more than upon the animal from which it was taken. About four hours after a meal, the chyle is supposed to be in its most perfect state, and is then uniformly white, like milk. At longer periods it becomes more dilute, like milk and water, till at length, when an animal has fasted twenty-four hours, the fluid contained in the thoracic duct is reduced to the state of mere lymph.

The State of the Art of Rubber-Seal Technology

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Nau
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Working Party ◽  
The State ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lip Seals ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Range Of Values

Abstract The understanding of the engineering fundamentals of rubber seals of all the various types has been developing gradually over the past two or three decades, but there is still much to understand, Tables V–VII summarize the state of the art. In the case of rubber-based gaskets, the field of high-temperature applications has scarcely been touched, although there are plans to initiate work in this area both in the U.S.A. at PVRC, and in the U.K., at BHRA. In the case of reciprocating rubber seals, a broad basis of theory and experiment has been developed, yet it still is not possible to design such a seal from first principles. Indeed, in a comparative series of experiments run recently on seals from a single batch, tested in different laboratories round the world to the same test procedure, under the aegis of an ISO working party, a very wide range of values was reported for leakage and friction. The explanation for this has still to be ascertained. In the case of rotary lip seals, theories and supporting evidence have been brought forward to support alternative hypotheses for lubrication and sealing mechanisms. None can be said to have become generally accepted, and it remains to crystallize a unified theory.

scholarly journals TOLERANCE AND IMMUNITY TO MATERNALLY DERIVED INCOMPATIBLE IgG2a-GLOBULIN IN MICE

1970 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel L. Warner ◽  
Leonore A. Herzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
The State ◽  
Immunologic Tolerance ◽  
Back Cross ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Foreign Proteins ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Natural Situation ◽  
Induction Of Tolerance

Progeny mice were confronted with maternal γ-globulin of a different allotype by either back-cross mating, intercross mating, or by foster nursing. In all cases, many mice subsequently produced alloantibodies directed against the incompatible maternal type of IgG2a-globulin. In one series of experiments, immunologic tolerance to the maternally derived γ-globulin was demonstrated to exist in the period before formation of spontaneous antibody. The state of tolerance was then lost, unless maintenance injections of foreign γ-globulin were given. These studies demonstrate in a natural situation that maternally derived foreign proteins can first induce a state of immunological tolerance which is followed, after disappearance of the antigen, by a state of immunity. As such, this parallels the experimental induction of tolerance to foreign proteins by neonatal injections.

scholarly journals VI. The effect of hydrogen on the discharge of negative electricity from hot platinum

1908 ◽  
Vol 208 (427-440) ◽  
pp. 247-273 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
The State ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Wire

The effect of hydrogen on the discharge of negative electricity from hot platinum was examined by the writer in 1903 (‘Phil. Trans.,’ A, 352, vol. 202, 1903); it was found to produce a very large increase in the current carried by the discharge. At pressures below 0·1 millim. of mercury the leak was found to increase with the pressure and to fall when the pressure was reduced. The experiments in the paper just referred to were all done with nearly new platinum wires which had not been heated in the gas for any great length of time, because it was known that long continued heating caused the wire to disintegrate, its surface becoming covered with a network of cracks. The present paper contains an account of a series of experiments in which wires were heated for long periods in hydrogen, so that any gradual changes in the effect of the hydrogen could be observed. It appears that continued heating in hydrogen alters the character of the effects observed, so that the behaviour of an old wire may be very different from that of a new one. In the previous paper I suggested that the effect of hydrogen was due to the presence of hydrogen in the surface layer of the platinum, and this view appeared to be supported by the facts. Professor O. W. Richardson (‘Phil. Trans.,’ A, 413, vol. 207, 1906) puts forward a different theory, viz., that the hydrogen alters the state of the platinum, so that the effect may remain even after the removal of all the hydrogen.

A Parallel Framework of Combining Satisfiability Modulo Theory with Indicator-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Configuring Large and Real Software Product Lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 489-513
Author(s):  
Kai Shi ◽  
Huiqun Yu ◽  
Jianmei Guo ◽  
Guisheng Fan ◽  
Liqiong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Software Product Lines ◽  
The State ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Optimization Efficiency

Multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) has been widely applied to software product lines (SPLs) for addressing the configuration optimization problems. For example, the state-of-the-art SMTIBEA algorithm extends the constraint expressiveness and supports richer constraints to better address these problems. However, it just works better than the competitor for four out of five SPLs in five objectives and the convergence speed is not significantly increased for largest Linux SPL from 5 to 30[Formula: see text]min. To further improve the optimization efficiency, we propose a parallel framework SMTPORT, which combines four corresponding SMTIBEA variants and performs these variants by utilizing parallelization techniques within the limited time budget. For case studies in LVAT repository, we conduct a series of experiments on seven real-world and highly-constrained SPLs. Empirical results demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art for all the seven SPLs in terms of a quality Hypervolume metric and a diversity Pareto Front Size indicator.

scholarly journals On a new detonating compound: in a letter from Sir Humphry Davy, LL. D. F. R. S. to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K. B. P. R. S

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 441-442
Keyword(s):  
Weak Solution ◽  
Oily Substance ◽  
The State ◽  
Present Account ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Humphry Davy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Explosive Detonation

The present account is intended as a caution to others against the dangerous effects of the very explosive detonation, by which the author has himself been a sufferer. His attention was first directed to the subject by a letter received from France, mentioning that about twelve months since, a compound had been discovered of azote with chlorine, which appears in the form of an oil heavier than water, and which explodes, by a gentle heat, with all the violence of the fulminating metals. The letter adds, that this discovery cost the operator an eye and a finger. Since the letter contained no account of the mode of preparing the compound, and as none could be found in any of the French journals, Sir Humphry Davy pursued a hint given him by Mr. Children, who informed him that his friend Mr. Burton had, in the month of July last, observed the formation of a volatile oily substance in a solution of nitrate of ammonia, exposed to chlorine in the state of gas. In repeating the experiment, the author perceived first an oily film on the surface of the fluid, which gradually collected into small globules, and fell to the bottom. One of these globules being taken out while floating on the surface of the water, and slightly warmed, exploded with brilliant light, but with­ out any violence of detonation. In a series of experiments carried on jointly with Mr. Children and Mr. Warburton, other ammoniacal solutions were substituted, and it was found that the same product was obtained by means of oxalate of ammonia, or by a weak solution of pure ammonia. The first instance that occurred of violent explosion, was in their endea­vours to form larger quantities in a Wolfe’s apparatus, by a series of bottles containing the different solutions.

III. On the law of the partial polarization of light by reflexion

1830 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 69-84
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Physical Change ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polarization Of Light ◽  
Partial Polarization

In the year 1815 I communicated to the Royal Society a series of experiments on the polarization of light by successive reflexions, which contain the germ of the investigations, the results of which I now propose to explain. From these experiments it appeared that a given pencil of light could be wholly polarized at any angle of incidence, provided it underwent a sufficient number of reflexions, either at angles wholly above or wholly below the maximum polarizing angle, or at angles partly above and partly below that angle; and it was scarcely possible to resist the conclusion, that the light not polarized by the first reflexion had suffered a physical change at each action of the reflecting force which brought it nearer and nearer to the state of complete polarization. This opinion, however, which I have always regarded as demonstrable, appeared in a different light to others. Guided probably by an experimental result, apparently though not really hostile to it, Dr. Young and MM. Biot, Arago, and Fresnel, have adhered to the original opinion of Malus, that the reflected and refracted pencils consist partly of light wholly polarized, and partly of light in its natural state; and more recently Mr. Herschel has given the weight of his opinion to the same view of the subject.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MUTASI PEGAWAI TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA DI KANTOR BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAERAH (BKD) KABUPATEN NIAS BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Darma Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
National Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Government

The State Civil Apparatus (ASN), which is the State Apparatus that organizes the government in carrying out national development, is the backbone of the government. The  smooth running of government and the implementation of national development depends on the perfection of the state apparatus both at the central and regional levels. In order to achieve the national goals as stated above, it is necessary to have a State Civil Apparatus who is full ofwillingness and obedience to Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, the State and the Government and is united, has good mentality, is authoritative, strong, efficient, clean, of high quality and aware of their responsibilities as elements of the State Apparatus, State servants and public servants. To realize the perfect State Civil Apparatus as intended above, the Civil Apparatus needs to be fostered as well as possible. One form of fostering the State Civil Apparatus is Mutation as an incarnation or embodiment of organizational dynamics which is used as a way to achieve organizational goals. In the implementation of mutations, it must be based on an objective assessment considering that the transfer system is intended to provide opportunities for State Civil Apparatus to develop their potential. The work motivation of the State Civil Apparatus can also decrease if the superiors do not pay attention to the interests of their subordinates. This will reduce the work motivation of both the State Civil Apparatus. Indicators of declining morale include: low productivity, high employee absenteeism, and others. Thus, it will certainly affect the work motivation of employees in an organization. Mutation will have a positive impact on employees, such as increasing work morale. However, if the mutation is carried out without paying close attention and without being based on convincing arguments, the mutation will have a negative impact on the employee and the organization.  

scholarly journals Tracer Transport in a Homogeneous Porous Medium: Experimental Study and Acquisition Data with LabVIEW

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Dardouri ◽  
Jalila Sghaier
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Porous Medium ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
The State ◽  
Tracer Transport ◽  
Solute Transfer ◽  
Homogeneous Porous Medium ◽  
Series Of Experiments

This work represent the incorporation of information procurement (DAQ) equipment and programming to acquire information (LabVIEW) as well as real-time transport to show parameter appraises with regard to subsurface stream and transport issues. The main objective is to understand the mechanism of water and solute transfer in a sandy medium and to study the effect of some parameters on the transport of an inert tracer. In order to achieve this objective, a series of experiments were carried out on a soil column equipped with a tensiometer to monitor the state of saturation of the medium and by two four-electrode probes for measuring the electrical conductivity in the porous medium.

scholarly journals XIV. Experimental Researches on the Production of Silicon from Paracyanogen

1844 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Experimental Researches

In a Memoir on the Preparation of Paracyanogen submitted to the Royal Society some weeks ago, I laid down the proposition, that two equal and similar molecules may enter into the state of chemical union, the combination produced being indissoluble by every known agent of analysis; and I endeavoured to establish this proposition partly on certain abstract physical considerations, and partly by a series of experiments on the production of paracyanogen by the decomposition of the bicyanide of mercury under pressure and at high temperatures.

Model Pendidikan dalam Tasawuf

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusno Abdullah Otta
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Educational Media ◽  
Suitable Medium ◽  
The Media ◽  
Education Model ◽  
The Veil

ABSTRACT This study shows that education in Sufism has its own uniqueness compared to the model of education in general. The uniqueness is evident from their educationnal designs and models that apply distinctive patterns and stages, known as soul cleansing. The process pursued in Sufism education model is necessary, given that the material and practise that are lived and practiced are not always concrete and physical. The majority of the material is metaphysical, so that a special educational media is required. For the Sufis, education is not only the media to gain ‘learned knowledge’, that is hushuli, but also the presented knowledge, that is hudhuri. The latter type of knowledge is difficult for a man to gain if he or she relies only on the power of reason and senses. There is no suitable medium for acquiring this type of knoweledge except the purification of the soul and heart through the consistency in guarding of its fitrah consciousness. The form of awareness of nature that opens the opportunity to open the veil/curtain of separation between the self with the object and reality. To be able to maintain the state of awareness of nature in perfect state there is no other way except with the purification of the soul through soul management that is not easy.Keywords: Education, radikalisme, tasawuf

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