scholarly journals The blood-corpuscle considered in its different phases of deve­lopment in the animal series

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 558-559
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Blood Corpuscle ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Oval Shape ◽  
Solvent Action

This paper is divided into three parts: the first relating to the blood-corpuscles of the Vertebrata ; the second to those of the In-vertebrata ; and the last to a comparison between the two. He first describes the microscopic appearances of these corpuscles in differ­ent classes of vertebrate animals, beginning with the skate and the frog, and proceeding to birds and mammifera; first in their early embryonic state, and next in the subsequent periods of their growth. He finds in oviparous vertebrata generally, four principal forms of corpuscles. These he distinguishes as the phases, first of the gra­nule blood-cell , which he describes as a cell filled with granules, dis­closing by the solvent action of dilute acetic acid on these granules a vesicular, or as the author terms it, a “ cellœform ” nucleus. These granule cells appear under two stages of development, namely, the coarsely granulous stage and the finely granulous stage. The se­cond phase is that of the nucleolated blood-cell , oval in shape, con­taining a vesicular (or “cellæform”) nucleus, and red-coloured mat­ter. These cells likewise appear under two stages of development; colourless in the first and coloured in the second, in which last stage it constitutes the red corpuscle. In the early mammiferous embryo, he finds, in addition to the former, a third phase, that of free vesicu­lar nucleus , exhibiting, like the nucleolated cell, the colourless and the coloured stages. On examining the corpuscles of the lymph of vertebrate animals, the author finds them in all the classes to be identical in structure with their blood-corpuscles, and differing only in the inferior degree of coloration attending their last stage. In the oviparous classes, he observes that the nucleolated are more numerous than the granule cells, while in the mammifera the latter are predominant, which is the reverse of the proportion in which they exist in the blood of these animals. He finds that some of the nucleolated cells of the contents of the thoracic duct exhibit a marked degree of coloration, and have an oval shape; thus offering a resemblance to the blood of the early embryonic state.

Isoleucine Need of Swine at Two Stages of Development

1963 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Becker ◽  
I. D. Smith ◽  
S. W. Terrill ◽  
A. H. Jensen ◽  
H. W. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Two Stages

The Implementation of Biological Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal with the Bio-Denipho Process on a 265,000 PE Treatment Plant

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Einfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
First Year ◽  
In Series ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The City ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

A process, called Bio-Denipho, for combined biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal in a combination of an anaerobic tank and two oxidation ditches is described. In this process the anaerobic tank consisting of three sections working in series is followed by two oxidation ditches. These too are working in series, but with both inlet to and outlet from the tanks changing in a cycle. The Bio-Denipho process is described specifically for the process itself and as a case study for the implementation of the process on a 265,000 pe wastewater treatment plant for the city of Aalborg in Denmark. The plant was designed and erected in two stages and the last stage was inaugurated October 31,1989. Lay-out and functions for the plant is described and design loads, plan lay-out and tank volumes are given in this paper together with performance data for the first year in operation.

scholarly journals Intestinal and sublingual microcirculation are more severely compromised in hemodilution than in hemorrhage

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 1132-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Ferrara ◽  
Vanina Siham Kanoore Edul ◽  
Enrique Martins ◽  
Héctor Saúl Canales ◽  
Carlos Canullán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Sublingual Microcirculation ◽  
Intestinal Microcirculation ◽  
Fast Red ◽  
Last Stage

The alterations in O2 extraction in hemodilution have been linked to fast red blood cell (RBC) velocity, which might affect the complete release of O2 from Hb. Fast RBC velocity might also explain the normal mucosal-arterial Pco2 (ΔPco2). Yet sublingual and intestinal microcirculation have not been completely characterized in extreme hemodilution. Our hypothesis was that the unchanged ΔPco2 in hemodilution depends on the preservation of villi microcirculation. For this purpose, pentobarbital-anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep were submitted to stepwise hemodilution ( n = 8), hemorrhage ( n = 8), or no intervention (sham, n = 8). In both hypoxic groups, equivalent reductions in O2 consumption (V̇o2) were targeted. Microcirculation was assessed by videomicroscopy, intestinal ΔPco2 by air tonometry, and V̇o2 by expired gases analysis. Although cardiac output and superior mesenteric flow increased in hemodilution, from the very first step (Hb = 5.0 g/dl), villi functional vascular density and RBC velocity decreased (21.7 ± 0.9 vs. 15.9 ± 1.0 mm/mm2 and 1,033 ± 75 vs. 850 ± 79 μm/s, P < 0.01). In the last stage (Hb = 1.2 g/dl), these variables were lower in hemodiution than in hemorrhage (11.1 ± 0.5 vs. 15.4 ± 0.9 mm/mm2 and 544 ± 26 vs. 686 ± 70 μm/s, P < 0.01), and were associated with lower intestinal fractional O2 extraction (0.61 ± 0.04 vs. 0.79 ± 0.02, P < 0.01) but preserved ΔPco2 (5 ± 2 vs. 25 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.01). Therefore, alterations in O2 extraction in hemodilution seemed related to microvascular shunting, not to fast RBC velocity. The severe microvascular abnormalities suggest that normal ΔPco2 was not dependent on CO2 washout by the villi microcirculation. Increased perfusion in deeper intestinal layers might be an alternative explanation.

scholarly journals Contrasted responses to carbohydrate limitation in tomato fruit at two stages of development

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1639-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. BALDET ◽  
C. DEVAUX ◽  
C. CHEVALIER ◽  
R. BROUQUISSE ◽  
D. JUST ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Two Stages

The Effect of Islamic Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion toward Financial Planning among Millennial: Financial Behaviour as an Intervening Variable

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Lusiana Handayani ◽  
Basyirah Ainun ◽  
M. Yassir Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Planning ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Financial Behaviour ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Relationship

Islamic financial literacy and financial inclusion are important for improving the living condition of people. Combination of Islamic financial literacy understanding and high financial inclusion index will affect the behavioral ability of people in making financial planning. In Indonesia, Islamic financial literacy and inclusion are still low, not only for youngsters but also among adults. Even though good knowledge and access to Islamic finance will help millennials to be able to identify financial products and services as their financial planning. The aim of this study is to describe the influence of Islamic financial literacy and financial inclusion on financial planning by using financial behaviour as a intervening variable. This study is descriptive quantitative research. 96 respondents are involved in the study directly through a survey method. This study used 2 (two) stages of analysis. The first stage is to find the level of respondent Islamic financial literacy. The last stage is path analysis to determine the influence of each variable. Analysis results have shown that Islamic financial literacy has no direct impact on financial planning. However, Islamic financial literacy and financial inclusion have a significant impact on financial behaviour. Furthermore, the financial behaviour has mediated the relationship between Islamic financial literacy and financial inclusion with financial planning. It shows this affects toward financial planning is 26,4%.

Social Movements in Iran: How Well Does the Dominant Narrative Work?

2020 ◽  
pp. 089692052097679
Author(s):  
Elham Hoominfar
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Environmental Social Movement

In this paper, I apply the typical stages of social movements—emergence, coalescence, and institutionalization—to an Iranian environmental social movement. I show how each of the stages does, or does not, play out in the Iranian case, using interview data and documentary analysis. The first two stages of social movements are achieved in the movement. But, due to a centralized state that uses violence and repression, the movement cannot play on the stage of the dominant narrative’s institutionalization. However, the movement is not in decline. I suggest using the idea of “persistence/resistance” for the last stage rather than institutionalization, as institutionalization may be just a form to assure that social movements will persist. There are other cases like this movement around the world, but there is not a specific argument to challenge the limitations of the dominant narrative. My study helps scholars rethink this narrative according to the context of the countries in their research.

An Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Flash-Back Flow on Last Three Stages of Low Pressure Steam Turbines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Shibukawa ◽  
Yoshifumi Iwasaki ◽  
Yoshiaki Takada ◽  
Itaru Murakami ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Back Flow ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Vibration Stress ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Two Stages

A shutdown operation of a large size steam turbine could possibly cause flashing phenomena of the pooled drain water in low-pressure heaters. The boiled steam is sometimes in the same amount as the main flow in the case where shutdown is executed during low load conditions, and returns to the steam flow path through the extraction lines. A series of experimental work with a subscale model turbine facility has been carried out to investigate the vibration stress behavior, and the steady and unsteady pressures under the flashing back conditions. It was observed that the blades of the two stages before the last stage (L-2) and a stage before the last stage (L-1) presented their peak vibration stresses immediately after the flash-back flow reached the turbine. In the meantime, the vibration stresses of the last stage (L-0) blades were reduced for a few tens of seconds. It can be thought that the flash-back flow pushed out the reverse flow region around the L-0 blades and allow the blades to be more stable. A detailed examination with measured data of the L-2 blade explained that, as long as the flash-back flow has small wetness, the blade is excited in its specific vibration modes in larger than 8th harmonic of rotational speed, but once the flash back flow carries water droplets, the fluid force in random frequencies remarkably increases and excites the blade in less than 7th harmonic range.

Prospective Staged Volume Radiosurgery for Large Arteriovenous Malformations: Indications and Outcomes in Otherwise Untreatable Patients

Neurosurgery ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sait Sirin ◽  
Douglas Kondziolka ◽  
Ajay Niranjan ◽  
John C. Flickinger ◽  
Ann H. Maitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Volume ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
University Of Pittsburgh ◽  
Brain Avm ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The University ◽  
Median Margin ◽  
Median Interval

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The obliteration response of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) to radiosurgery is strongly dependent on dose and volume. For larger volumes, the dose must be reduced for safety, but this compromises obliteration. In 1992, we prospectively began to stage anatomic components in order to deliver higher single doses to symptomatic AVMs &gt;15 ml in volume. METHODS: During a 17-year interval at the University of Pittsburgh, 1040 patients underwent radiosurgery for a brain AVM. Out of 135 patients who had multiple procedures, 37 patients underwent prospectively staged volume radiosurgery for symptomatic otherwise unmanageable larger malformations. Twenty-eight patients who were managed before 2002 were included in this study to achieve sufficient follow-up in assessing the outcomes. The median age was 37 years (range, 13–57 yr). Thirteen patients had previous hemorrhages and 13 patients had attempted embolization. Separate anatomic volumes were irradiated at 3 to 8 months (median, 5 mo) intervals. The median initial AVM volume was 24.9 ml (range, 10.2–57.7 ml). Twenty-six patients had two stages and two had three-stage radiosurgery. Seven patients had repeat radiosurgery after a median interval of 63 months. The median target volume was 12.3 ml. (range, 4.2–20.8 ml.) at Stage I and 11.5 ml. (range, 2.8–22 ml.) at Stage II. The median margin dose was 16 Gy at both stages. Median follow-up after the last stage of radiosurgery was 50 months (range, 3–159 mo). RESULTS: Four patients (14%) sustained a hemorrhage after radiosurgery; two died and two patients recovered with mild permanent neurological deficits. Worsened neurological deficits developed in one patient. Seizure control was improved in three patients, was stable in eight patients and worsened in two. Magnetic resonance imaging showed T2 prolongation in four patients (14%). Out of 28 patients, 21 had follow-up more than 36 months. Out of 21 patients, seven underwent repeat radiosurgery and none of them had enough follow- up. Of 14 patients followed for more than 36 months, seven (50%) had total, four (29%) near total, and three (21%) had moderate AVM obliteration. CONCLUSIONS: Prospective staged volume radiosurgery provided imaging defined volumetric reduction or closure in a series of large AVMs unsuitable for any other therapy. After 5 years, this early experience suggests that AVM related symptoms can be stabilized and anticipated bleed rates can be reduced.

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