scholarly journals II. On the relation of aqueous vapour to radiant heat

1863 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 326-327
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Experimental Tube

The object of this paper is to prove to meteorologists that they may apply, without misgiving, the results which the author has already announced, regarding the relation of aqueous vapour to radiant heat. The author describes new experiments made with dry and humid air, first, with an experimental tube stopped by plates of rock-salt; secondly, with an open experimental tube; and thirdly, with an arrangement in which both the plates and the tube were abandoned, dry air being caused to displace moist, and moist air dry, in the open aitmosphere.

On the Earth's Climate in Ancient Times

The Geologist ◽  
1864 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Other Minds ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Earth’S Climate

For some time past we have been drawing attention to some of the dicta of Geology, which appear to have a less solid foundation than they should have to authorize the positive manner in which they have been enunciated. Similar doubts on some points would appear not to be absent from other minds. Mr. Page has just issued a little work reviewing the state of the popular doctrines of our science, and Mr. Sterry Hunt has appropriated to the explanation of the higher Palaeozoic climate Dr. Tyndall's memorable researches on the relations of gases and vapours to radiant heat. Heat, from whatever source it may proceed, passes through hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen gases and dry air, with nearly the same facility as through a vacuum, and these gases are thus to radiant heat what rock-salt is amongst solids. Glass and some other substances which are readily permeable to light and to solar heat, offer, as is well known, great obstacles to the passage of radiant heat from non-luminous bodies, and many vapours and gases have a similar effect in intercepting the heat from such sources. Thus, for a vacuum the absorption of heat from a body at 212° Fahr. is represented by 0, that by dry air as 1, while the absorption by an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas is 90; by one of marsh-gas, 403; by olefiant gas, 970; and by ammonia, 1195.

scholarly journals V. On the absorption and radiation of heat by gaseous matter.—Second memoir

1862 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 59-98 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Quantity Of Heat ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Considerable Pressure

The apparatus made use of in this inquiry is the same in principle as that employed in my last investigation. It grew up in the following way :-—A tube was first procured to receive the gases through which radiant heat was to be transmitted, but it was neces­sary to close the ends of this tube by a substance pervious to all kinds of heat, obscure as well as luminous. Rock-salt fulfils this condition, and accordingly plates of the sub­stance an inch in thickness, so as to be able to endure considerable pressure, were resorted to. In the earliest experiments a cube of boiling water was placed before one end of this tube, and a thermo-electric pile connected with a galvanometer at the other ; it was found that if the needle pointed to any particular degree when the tube was exhausted, it pointed to the same degree when the tube was filled with air. Thus tested, the presence of dry air, oxygen, nitrogen, or hydrogen had no sensible influence on the radiant heat passing through the tube. In some of these trials the needle stood at 80°, in some at 20°, and in others at inter­mediate positions. I reasoned thus:—The quantity of heat which produces the deflec­tion of 20° is exceedingly small, and hence a minute fraction of this quantity, even if absorbed, might well escape detection. On the other hand, the quantity of heat which produces the deflection of 80° is comparatively large, but then it would require a large absorption to move the needle even half a degree in this position. A deflection of 20° is represented by the number 20, but a deflection of 80° is represented by the number 710. While pointing to 80, therefore, an absorption capable of producing a deflection of 15 or 20 degrees on the lower part of the scale, would hardly produce a sensible motion of the needle. The problem then was, to work with a copious radiation, and at the same time to preserve the needle in a position where it would be sensitive to the slightest fluctuations in the absolute amount of heat falling upon the pile.

scholarly journals Tungsten Oxide Based Sensor for Oxygen Detection

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangi Sari ◽  
Simon Leigh ◽  
James Covington
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
High Response ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Oxygen Detection

In this paper we report on the development tungsten oxide based chemiresistive sensors for the monitoring of oxygen at low temperatures (T ≤ 400 °C) in dry and humid air. The sensors were deposited onto alumina substrate by a combination of spin coating and a photolithographic process to define the sensing area. Our results show that the sensors comply with a linear relationship over a 0 to 20% concentration range, with a high response towards oxygen. The highest response was observed at 350 °C (ΔR/Ra = 7.8) in humid and in dry air (ΔR/Ra = 18). This result is a significant improvement over our previous experiments and we believe to take the concept of a metal-oxide based oxygen sensor a step closer.

scholarly journals Post-Plasma Catalysis for Trichloroethylene Abatement with Ce-Doped Birnessite Downstream DC Corona Discharge Reactor

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Grêce Abdallah ◽  
Jean-Marc Giraudon ◽  
Rim Bitar ◽  
Nathalie De Geyter ◽  
Rino Morent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corona Discharge ◽  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Good Stability ◽  
Ozone Decomposition ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Plasma Catalysis ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Water Tolerance ◽  
By Products

Trichloroethylene (TCE) removal was investigated in a post-plasma catalysis (PPC) configuration in nearly dry air (RH = 0.7%) and moist air (RH = 15%), using, for non-thermal plasma (NTP), a 10-pin-to-plate negative DC corona discharge and, for PPC, Ce0.01Mn as a catalyst, calcined at 400 °C (Ce0.01Mn-400) or treated with nitric acid (Ce0.01Mn-AT). One of the key points was to take advantage of the ozone emitted from NTP as a potential source of active oxygen species for further oxidation, at a very low temperature (100 °C), of untreated TCE and of potential gaseous hazardous by-products from the NTP. The plasma-assisted Ce0.01Mn-AT catalyst presented the best CO2 yield in dry air, with minimization of the formation of gaseous chlorinated by-products. This result was attributed to the high level of oxygen vacancies with a higher amount of Mn3+, improved specific surface area and strong surface acidity. These features also allow the promotion of ozone decomposition efficiency. Both catalysts exhibited good stability towards chlorine. Ce0.01Mn-AT tested in moist air (RH = 15%) showed good stability as a function of time, indicating good water tolerance also.

Transport properties of real moist air, dry air, steam, and water

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sebastian Herrmann ◽  
Hans-Joachim Kretzschmar ◽  
Vikrant C. Aute ◽  
Donald P. Gatley ◽  
Eckhard Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Dry Air

scholarly journals A Study of Moist Air Condensation Characteristics in a Transonic Flow System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4052
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Hongfang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Transonic Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Plane Surface ◽  
Droplet Growth ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Hydraulic Equipment ◽  
Non Equilibrium

When water vapor in moist air reaches supersaturation in a transonic flow system, non-equilibrium condensation forms a large number of droplets which may adversely affect the operation of some thermal-hydraulic equipment. For a better understanding of this non-equilibrium condensing phenomenon, a numerical model is applied to analyze moist air condensation in a transonic flow system by using the theory of nucleation and droplet growth. The Benson model is adopted to correct the liquid-plane surface tension equation for realistic results. The results show that the distributions of pressure, temperature and Mach number in moist air are significantly different from those in dry air. The dry air model exaggerates the Mach number by 19% and reduces both the pressure and the temperature by 34% at the nozzle exit as compared with the moist air model. At a Laval nozzle, for example, the nucleation rate, droplet number and condensation rate increase significantly with increasing relative humidity. The results also reveal the fact that the number of condensate droplets increases rapidly when moist air reaches 60% relative humidity. These findings provide a fundamental approach to account for the effect of condensate droplet formation on moist gas in a transonic flow system.

Nasal Mucosal Temperature after Exposure to Cold, Dry Air and Hot, Humid Air

2003 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Liener ◽  
Richard Leiacker ◽  
Jörg Lidemann ◽  
Gerhard Rettinger ◽  
Tilman Keck
Keyword(s):  
Humid Air ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Exposure To Cold

1. Researches on Radiant Heat. Part II

1862 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 203-204
Author(s):  
Balfour Stewart
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
The Law

The first part of this paper describes the following groups of experiments:—I. On the effect which roughening the surface of a body produces upon its radiation.II. On the nature of that heat which is radiated by rock-salt at at 212° F.III. On the radiation of glass and mica at high temperatures.The second or theoretical portion of the paper has reference to the law which connects the radiation of a particle with its temperature, and to Dulong and Petit's experiments on this subject. The instruments used, and method of using them, were almost the same as described in the first series of these researches.

Oxidation Characteristics of Vapor-Plated Tungsten

CORROSION ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 291-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
VERNON A. NIEBERLEIN
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Oxidation Kinetics ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Oxidation Characteristics

Abstract Vapor-deposition is being used increasingly for fabricating complex shapes from tungsten. In contrast to conventional tungsten whose oxidation kinetics have been well explored, vapor-deposited material has never been investigated systematically with regard to oxidation. Oxidation rates were run at 600–1000 C (1112–1832 F) in air using a recording balance. Activation energies were calculated and oxidation rates were compared to those of sheet tungsten prepared using powder metallurgy techniques. Humid air and dry air were compared as corroding media.

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