Primary current-sensing noise thermometry in the millikelvin regime

The use of low-temperature platforms with base temperatures below 1 K is rapidly expanding, for fundamental science, sensitive instrumentation and new technologies of potentially significant commercial impact. Precise measurement of the thermodynamic temperature of these low-temperature platforms is crucial for their operation. In this paper, we describe a practical and user-friendly primary current-sensing noise thermometer (CSNT) for reliable and traceable thermometry and the dissemination of the new kelvin in this temperature regime. Design considerations of the thermometer are discussed, including the optimization of a thermometer for the temperature range to be measured, noise sources and thermalization. We show the procedure taken to make the thermometer primary and contributions to the uncertainty budget. With standard laboratory instrumentation, a relative uncertainty of 1.53% is obtainable. Initial comparison measurements between a primary CSNT and a superconducting reference device traceable to the PLTS-2000 (Provisional Low Temperature Scale of 2000) are presented between 66 and 208 mK, showing good agreement within the k =1 calculated uncertainty.

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A SQUID-based primary noise thermometer for low-temperature metrology

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2015.0050 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 374 (2064) ◽

pp. 20150050 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. Kirste ◽

J. Engert

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Quantum Interference ◽

International System ◽

Thermodynamic Temperature ◽

Uncertainty Budget ◽

Standard Uncertainty ◽

Primary Thermometry ◽

Magnetic Field Fluctuation ◽

Noise Thermometer ◽

System Of Units

Practical temperature measurements in accordance with the international system of units require traceability to the international temperature scales currently in force. Along with the awaited redefinition of the unit of temperature, the kelvin, on the basis of the Boltzmann constant, in future its mise en pratique will allow the use of approved methods of primary thermometry for the realization and dissemination of the kelvin. To support this process, we have developed a DC superconducting quantum interference device-based noise thermometer especially designed for measurements of thermodynamic temperature in a broad temperature range from 5 K down to below 1 mK. In this paper, we describe in detail the primary magnetic field fluctuation thermometer and the underlying model applied for the temperature determination. Experimental measurement results are presented for a comparison with the Provisional Low Temperature Scale 2000 between 0.7 K and 16 mK including an uncertainty budget for the measured thermodynamic temperatures. In this set-up, the relative combined standard uncertainty is equal to 0.6%.

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AYMA: Mechanistic Probabilistic System To Evaluate Flexible Pavement Performance

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1629-16 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1629 (1) ◽

pp. 137-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Manuel Ayres ◽

Matthew W. Witczak

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Mechanistic Model ◽

Permanent Deformation ◽

Probabilistic Approach ◽

Fatigue Cracking ◽

Flexible Pavement ◽

Analysis And Design ◽

Mechanistic Approach ◽

Low Temperature Cracking ◽

User Friendly

A new rational mechanistic model for analysis and design of flexible pavement systems has been developed. Furthermore, a fundamental probabilistic approach was incorporated into this system to account for the uncertainty of material and environmental conditions. The system was integrated in a user-friendly Windows program with a variety of user-selected options that include widely used models and those recently developed in the Strategic Highway Research Program project. Three basic types of distress can be investigated separately or all together, including fatigue cracking, permanent deformation, and low-temperature cracking. The mechanistic approach makes use of the JULEA layered elastic analysis program to obtain pavement response. The system provides optional deterministic and probabilistic solutions, accounts for aging and temperature effects over the asphalt materials, variable interface friction, multiple wheel loads, and user-selected locations for analysis. Tabular and graphical results provide expected distress values for each month as well as their variability, probability of failure, and assessment of the overall reliability of the pavement relative to each type of distress for a user-selected failure criterion. Only the load-associated module of AYMA is presented; a separate work describes the low-temperature cracking analysis.

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Beyond OpenURL

Database Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-058-5.ch084 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 1405-1419

Author(s):

George Boston ◽

Randle J. Gedeon

Keyword(s):

Web 2.0 ◽

Computer Technology ◽

New Technologies ◽

Resource Discovery ◽

Research Experience ◽

New Techniques ◽

General Overview ◽

Information Professionals ◽

User Friendly ◽

Opening Up

This chapter provides a general overview of the development and implementation of existing techniques for the reference linking of scholarly research materials, additionally, some of the new techniques designed for advanced linking are described. Also presented are several new technologies currently under development, with an eye toward enhancing resource discovery and the interlinking of resources. The progress of computer technology, the adoption of those technologies by the information consumer, and the implementation of Web 2.0 and Library 2.0 tools to existing resources have combined in opening up new avenues of linking previously isolated resources together. Information professionals must come to appreciate and apply these new techniques and in doing so will provide library patrons with a more user friendly and thorough research experience.

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Miniaturization of analytical systems

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/44.9.2008 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (9) ◽

pp. 2008-2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Larry J Kricka

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

New Technologies ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Sample Volume ◽

Clinical Diagnostics ◽

Key Issues ◽

User Friendly ◽

Near Future ◽

Long Term Trend

Abstract Miniaturization has been a long-term trend in clinical diagnostics instrumentation. Now a range of new technologies, including micromachining and molecular self-assembly, are providing the means for further size reduction of analyzers to devices with micro- to nanometer dimensions and submicroliter volumes. Many analytical techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry and electrophoresis) have been successfully implemented on microchips made from silicon, glass, or plastic. The new impetus for miniaturization stems from the perceived benefits of faster, easier, less costly, and more convenient analyses and by the needs of the pharmaceutical industry for microscale, massively parallel drug discovery assays. Perfecting a user-friendly interface between a human and a microchip and determining the realistic lower limit for sample volume are key issues in the future implementation of these devices. Resolution of these issues will be important for the long-term success of microminiature analyzers; in the meantime, the scope, diversity, and rate of progress in the development of these devices promises products in the near future.

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A conceptual framework for designing Ambient assisted living services for individuals with disabilities in Uganda and South Africa

African Journal of Disability ◽

10.4102/ajod.v8i0.477 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Kyazze ◽

Janet Wesson ◽

Kevin Naudé

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Assisted Living ◽

New Technologies ◽

Physical Disabilities ◽

Ambient Assisted Living ◽

Interaction Techniques ◽

Individuals With Disabilities ◽

Practical Guidelines ◽

User Friendly

Background: Individuals with disabilities experience difficulty in using various everyday technologies such as computers and smartphones.Objectives: To propose a conceptual framework that will lead to the development of practical and user friendly assistive technology.Method: A literature review of challenges faced by individuals with physical disabilities was carried out. Interviews with adults with physical disabilities in Kampala, Uganda, and Port Elizabeth, South Africa, identified three main challenges with regard to using technology: using a mobile phone, controlling an electronic environment and using a computer.Results: The challenges identified can be solved by taking into consideration the needs of individuals with disabilities. However, the design of new technologies and interaction techniques, such as natural hand gestures and voice, as input mechanisms has able-bodied individuals in mind. Individuals with disabilities are considered as an afterthought. The main reason for this is that individuals with a disability are a minority and hence it may not make economic sense for technology innovators to cater for their unique needs. A lack of practical guidelines on how to design for individuals with disabilities is another reason why designing for individuals with disabilities is often an afterthought.Conclusion: This article proposes a conceptual framework that can be used by researchers and technology designers in order to design products that could cater for the unique needs of individuals with disabilities. The article also emphasises the importance of exploring alternative interaction techniques, as they could enable individuals with disabilities to fully utilise technologies such as smart phones, computers and smart home electronics.

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DESIGNING INTERFACE FOR INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA: LEARNER PERCEPTIONS ON THE DESIGN FEATURES

Asian Association of Open Universities Journal ◽

10.1108/aaouj-03-02-2008-b002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 83-98

Author(s):

Geetha Udayangani Kulasekara ◽

Buddhini Gayathri Jayatilleke ◽

Uma Coomaraswamy

Keyword(s):

Interface Design ◽

Interactive Multimedia ◽

New Technologies ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Design Features ◽

Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽

Learner Perceptions ◽

Inherent Strength ◽

The University ◽

User Friendly

Interactive Multimedia (IMM) package has a greater potential of supporting individual differences of learners due to its inherent strength of media attributes. This study was carried out to explore the design features of IMM, which was specially designed to support the open and distant learners, studying Microbiology as a part of the B.Sc. Degree program, of the Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL), with the purpose of explaining the dynamic abstract concepts in Microbiology. When designing the IMM emphasis was placed on the design features, interface design in particular, in order to help the learners to achieve a meaningful learning experience. The purpose of this research paper is to explore learner perceptions of the design features of the IMM and, in developing a more user friendly, authentic instructional package. As such, quantitative and qualitative research methods were used by means of questionnaires, interviews and observations. Evaluation reveals many supportive and constructive outcomes, and suggests improvements in providing a better support for learners studying science subjects at a distance. In the context of the university using new technologies, especially for delivery, the results of this study would be a great asset.

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Research on Production of Bluecoke with Low Temperature Carbonization Process

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.724.221 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 724 ◽

pp. 221-224

Author(s):

Lei Wu ◽

Jun Zhou ◽

Xin Zhe Lan ◽

Xi Cheng Zhao ◽

Yong Hui Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

New Technologies ◽

Coke Oven ◽

Raw Material ◽

Carbonization Process ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

New Type ◽

The Rich

Bluecoke is a new type carbon product that prepared by low temperature carbonization process, which take lignite, long flame coal, not sticky and weak glue coal as raw material. At the same time tar and coke oven gas as by-products can be obtained. Two new technologies of Bluecoke production were introduced based on summary of way of producing Bluecoke by low metamorphic coal, namely the rich oxygen carbonization and the microwave carbonization. Both ways have their advantages and disadvantages. By contrast, the quality of coke and the content of valid gas are better using microwave carbonization, which to follow-up industry chains development significantly.

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Solar Automated Greenhouse

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.198 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 740 ◽

pp. 198-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Enoch de Santiago Rojas ◽

Jorge Ivan Moncada Haaz ◽

Felipe de J. Rabago Bernal ◽

Adan Rodriguez Dominguez

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Design And Implementation ◽

Hot Air ◽

Solar Powered ◽

User Friendly

This paper describes the design and implementation of a solar powered automated greenhouse. The objectives are to automatically control the environment, irrigation, and fertilizer to plants in the greenhouse. Another aspect is that its operation is suitable for anyone without knowledge in greenhouses, computers, electronics, etc. Specific objectives are: Control the gain of the low temperature by means of a sensor and actuators that extract fans as hot air and introduce fresh air, and a lamp to increase the temperature if necessary. Control the relative humidity by means of a sensor and valves that open to introduce water and fertilize if necessary. Control the charge and discharge of the battery to avoid prejudicing its life. Develop a modular, user-friendly and simple to operate. Battery is charged by solar cells. This greenhouse can be installed in remote towns where electricity is not available.

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