Some general comments on the evolution and design of animal communication systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 340 (1292) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Signal Design ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Evolution Of Signals ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability ◽  
Signalling Systems

Animal communication systems have evolved so that individuals can make decisions based upon the behaviour, physiology or morphology of others. Receiving mechanism s probably evolve to increase the efficiency and reliability of information reception whereas signals probably evolve to increase the efficiency of communication and reliability of manipulation of the receiving individual to the benefit of the emitter. The minimum requirement for clear reception suggests that any study of the evolution and design of communication systems must consider the factors that affect the quality of the received and processed signal. Critical information is needed about how the signal is generated and emitted, how it fares during transmission through air, water or substrate, how it is received and processed by the receiver’s sensory and cognitive systems, and the factors which affect the fitness consequences of alternative ways of reacting to the information contained in the signal. These should allow predictions about the kinds and forms of signals used by animals signalling under known conditions. Phylogenetic history, and the geological time a clade spends in different signalling environments, will also affect signal evolution, and hence the success of predictions about signal design. W e need to use methods of m any different biological fields to understand the design and evolution of signals and signalling systems.

scholarly journals Vocal plasticity in a reptile

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1855) ◽  
pp. 20170451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Brumm ◽  
Sue Anne Zollinger
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Vocal Plasticity ◽  
Lombard Effect ◽  
Gekko Gecko ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Signalling Systems

Sophisticated vocal communication systems of birds and mammals, including human speech, are characterized by a high degree of plasticity in which signals are individually adjusted in response to changes in the environment. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first evidence for vocal plasticity in a reptile. Like birds and mammals, tokay geckos ( Gekko gecko ) increased the duration of brief call notes in the presence of broadcast noise compared to quiet conditions, a behaviour that facilitates signal detection by receivers. By contrast, they did not adjust the amplitudes of their call syllables in noise (the Lombard effect), which is in line with the hypothesis that the Lombard effect has evolved independently in birds and mammals. However, the geckos used a different strategy to increase signal-to-noise ratios: instead of increasing the amplitude of a given call type when exposed to noise, the subjects produced more high-amplitude syllable types from their repertoire. Our findings demonstrate that reptile vocalizations are much more flexible than previously thought, including elaborate vocal plasticity that is also important for the complex signalling systems of birds and mammals. We suggest that signal detection constraints are one of the major forces driving the evolution of animal communication systems across different taxa.

scholarly journals Development of Communication Behaviour: Receiver Ontogeny in Túngara Frogs and a Prospectus for a Behavioural Evolutionary Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander T. Baugh ◽  
Kim L. Hoke ◽  
Michael J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Tungara Frogs ◽  
Signal Production ◽  
Evolution Of Signals ◽  
Evolution Of Communication ◽  
Behaviour Recognition

Most studies addressing the development of animal communication have focused on signal production rather than receiver decoding, and similar emphasis has been given to learning over nonlearning. But receivers are an integral part of a communication network, and nonlearned mechanisms appear to be more ubiquitous than learned ones in the communication systems of most animals. Here we review the results of recent experiments and outline future directions for integrative studies on the development of a primarily nonlearned behaviour—recognition of communication signals during ontogeny in a tropical frog. The results suggest that antecedents to adult behaviours might be a common feature of developing organisms. Given the essential role that acoustic communication serves in reproduction for many organisms and that receivers can exert strong influence on the evolution of signals, understanding the evolutionary developmental basis of mate recognition will provide new insights into the evolution of communication systems.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Approach to Call Admission Control in 5G Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Maitah ◽  
Olena O. Semenova ◽  
Andriy O. Semenov ◽  
Pavel I. Kulakov ◽  
Volodymyr Yu. Kucheruk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Admission Control ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Call Admission Control ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Call Admission

Artificial intelligence is employed for solving complex scientific, technical, and practical problems. Such artificial intelligence techniques as neural networks, fuzzy systems, and genetic and evolutionary algorithms are widely used for communication systems management, optimization, and prediction. Artificial intelligence approach provides optimized results in a challenging task of call admission control, handover, routing, and traffic prediction in cellular networks. 5G mobile communications are designed as heterogeneous networks, whose important requirement is accommodating great numbers of users and the quality of service satisfaction. Call admission control plays a significant role in providing the desired quality of service. An effective call admission control algorithm is needed for optimizing the cellular network system. Many call admission control schemes have been proposed. The paper proposes a methodology for developing a genetic neurofuzzy controller for call admission in 5G networks. Performance of the proposed admission control is evaluated through computer simulation.

Interaction of Speech Coders and Atypical Speech II

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Jamieson ◽  
Vijay Parsa ◽  
Moneca C. Price ◽  
James Till
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Speech Quality ◽  
Degraded Speech ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Subband Processing

We investigated how standard speech coders, currently used in modern communication systems, affect the quality of the speech of persons who have common speech and voice disorders. Three standardized speech coders (GSM 6.10 RPELTP, FS1016 CELP, and FS1015 LPC) and two speech coders based on subband processing were evaluated for their performance. Coder effects were assessed by measuring the quality of speech samples both before and after processing by the speech coders. Speech quality was rated by 10 listeners with normal hearing on 28 different scales representing pitch and loudness changes, speech rate, laryngeal and resonatory dysfunction, and coder-induced distortions. Results showed that (a) nine scale items were consistently and reliably rated by the listeners; (b) all coders degraded speech quality on these nine scales, with the GSM and CELP coders providing the better quality speech; and (c) interactions between coders and individual voices did occur on several voice quality scales.

scholarly journals Energy Optimization of a Laser-Powered Hovering-UAV Relay in Optical Wireless Backhaul

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman Bashir ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Achievable Rate ◽  
Optical Wireless ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Decode And Forward ◽  
Wireless Backhaul

<div>Due to their flexibility and low cost deployment, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) will most likely act as base stations and backhaul relays in the next generation of wireless communication systems. However, these UAVs---in the untethered mode---can only operate for a finite time due to limited energy they carry in their batteries. In free-space optical communications, one solution is to transport both the data and the energy from the source to the UAV through the laser beam---a concept known as <i>simultaneous lightwave information and power transfer</i> (SLIPT). In this study, we have analyzed the SLIPT scheme for laser-powered decode-and-forward UAV relays in an optical wireless backhaul. The major goal of this study is to optimally allocate the received beam energy between the decoding circuit, the transmitting circuit and the rotor block of the relay in order to maximize a quality-of-service metric such as maximum achievable rate, outage or error probabilities. As expected, we note that the optimal power allocation depends heavily on the source-relay and relay-destination channel conditions. In the final part of this study, we have maximized the operational time of the UAV relay given that the maximum achievable rate stays above a certain threshold in order to meet a minimum quality-of-service requirement.</div>

scholarly journals Acoustic cues to individuality in wild male adult African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10736
Author(s):  
Kaja Wierucka ◽  
Michelle D. Henley ◽  
Hannah S. Mumby
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Male Adult

The ability to recognize conspecifics plays a pivotal role in animal communication systems. It is especially important for establishing and maintaining associations among individuals of social, long-lived species, such as elephants. While research on female elephant sociality and communication is prevalent, until recently male elephants have been considered far less social than females. This resulted in a dearth of information about their communication and recognition abilities. With new knowledge about the intricacies of the male elephant social structure come questions regarding the communication basis that allows for social bonds to be established and maintained. By analyzing the acoustic parameters of social rumbles recorded over 1.5 years from wild, mature, male African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) we expand current knowledge about the information encoded within these vocalizations and their potential to facilitate individual recognition. We showed that social rumbles are individually distinct and stable over time and therefore provide an acoustic basis for individual recognition. Furthermore, our results revealed that different frequency parameters contribute to individual differences of these vocalizations.

scholarly journals A Secure Optimization Algorithm for Quality-of-Service Improvement in Hybrid Wireless Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Smys S ◽  
Wang Haoxiang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Hybrid Wireless Networks

Various industrial, scientific and commercial processes involve wireless mesh networks in the recent days. These technologies improve communication technology to a large extent which has led to an increase in utilization of these systems in various fields. In application with intense and complex data flow, improving the quality of service (QoS) has been a challenge and a focus of research leading to more advanced wireless communication systems. This paper provides a novel optimization algorithm for improving the QoS in hybrid wireless networks while preventing malware and routing attacks. The concept of QoS and hybrid wireless networks are examined at the initial stage. Further, the algorithm for optimizing the service quality in the network is proposed accordingly. The ability of data transfer is benefited by data packets in this algorithm. Load distribution is performed such that overcrowding is prevented and information routing is done efficiently though the nodes. Delay or routing is created and control messages are sent for withholding data when certain nodes are overcrowded. This reduces the delay created by overcrowding by 50% while maintaining the permittivity.

scholarly journals Features and Characteristics of Motorized and Non-Motorized Milling Spindles

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1100
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability ◽  
Reliability And Availability

The Cutting process used in milling is one of the most common type of industrial machining methods. Similar to traditional milling spindles, the motor driven spindles are fitted with an integrated motor, thereby eliminating belts and gears for the transmission of power from the motor to the cutting tools. The innovative machine tools should be highly characterized systems in order to retain the necessary precision, efficiency and reliability. To satisfy their end user's reliability and availability requirements, both the spindle system (Tool/Tool-Holder/ Spindle) and motor tool system need to be configured for their usability and output results. However, the quality of a control device in industrial practice is greatly affected by the spindle cutting output and its reliability. The motor spindles are nothing but the rotating drive shafts which acts as axes for cutting force tools or in machining process for holding cutting instrument. Hence the spindles are one of the important factor in machining tool process and productivity, as these are used to produce parts as well as machines that produce components, which in turn have a significant impact on production levels and quality of products.

scholarly journals Enhancing V2X Communication Based on a New Comb-Pilot Estimation Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Aymen Sassi ◽  
Yassin El Hillali ◽  
Atika Revenq ◽  
Faiza Charfi ◽  
Lotfi Kamoun
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Pilot Symbols ◽  
Quality Of Transmission

Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication systems, known as V2X technologies, have increasingly attracted attention in current research on road safety and traffic ergonomics. The performance evaluation of these communication systems is an important step before their potential integration and use in real systems. V2X communications are based on the IEEE 802.11p standard also known as Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE). V2X can affect human life; therefore a deep study related to V2X performance evaluation should be done in order to be sure about the system reliability. In this context, we have elaborated a deep study related to the effect of transmission range on V2X communications by considering the terminal mobility. First, we have evaluated the performance of the PHY layer on the IEEE 802.11p using simulation. Secondly, we have conducted real case measurements using the Arada LocoMate Transmission system. The obtained results shows the necessity to optimize the quality of transmission in V2X communications. Consequently, we propose in this paper a new comb-pilot technique to enhance the quality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. Our proposal consists in two new uses of the pilot subcarrier estimation technique in order to decrease the elevated bit error rate (BER). The quality of transmission (QoT) is first evaluated relating to the pilot symbol rearranged positions. Second, we proposed to optimize the QoT by adding two supplementary pilot symbols as it can offer better channel estimation results. Based on the performance evaluation of our proposal, it is confirmed that both of rearrangement and the adding of the pilot patterns lead to performance enhancement compared to baseline model (standardized one).

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