Oligosphaera ethanolica gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, carbohydrate-fermenting bacterium isolated from methanogenic sludge, and description of Oligosphaeria classis nov. in the phylum Lentisphaerae

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_2) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ling Qiu ◽  
Mizuho Muramatsu ◽  
Satoshi Hanada ◽  
Yoichi Kamagata ◽  
Rong-Bo Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Novel Genus And Species ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

A mesophilic, obligately anaerobic, carbohydrate-fermenting bacterium, designated 8KG-4T, was isolated from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating high-strength organic wastewater from salted vegetable production processes. Cells of strain 8KG-4T were non-motile, spherical and 0.7–1.5 µm in diameter (mean, 1.0 µm). Spore formation was not observed under any culture conditions tested. The strain grew optimally at 37 °C (range for growth 25–40 °C) and pH 7.0 (range, pH 6.5–7.5), and could grow fermentatively on glucose, ribose, xylose, galactose and sucrose. The main end products of glucose fermentation were acetate, ethanol and hydrogen. Organic acids, alcohols and amino acids were not utilized for growth. Yeast extract was not required for growth. Nitrate, sulfate, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, sulfite and Fe(III) nitrilotriacetate were not used as terminal electron acceptors. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolate represented a previously uncultured lineage at the subphylum level within the phylum Lentisphaerae known as ‘WWE2 subgroup I’. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Respiratory quinones were not detected. The most abundant polar lipid of strain 8KG-4T was phosphatidylethanolamine. A novel genus and species, Oligosphaera ethanolica gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate strain 8KG-4T ( = JCM 17152T = DSM 24202T  = CGMCC 1.5160T). In addition, we formally propose Oligosphaeria classis nov. and the subordinate taxa Oligosphaerales order nov. and Oligosphaeraceae fam. nov.

scholarly journals Bacteroides luti sp. nov., an anaerobic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacterium isolated from methanogenic sludge

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1770-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Hatamoto ◽  
Masami Kaneshige ◽  
Akinobu Nakamura ◽  
Takashi Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

A mesophilic, anaerobic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic strain, UasXn-3T, was isolated from anaerobic granular sludge in a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, which was used to treat municipal sewage. The cells were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, and non-spore-forming rods. The optimal temperature for growth was 37–40 °C and the optimal pH for growth was pH 6.5–7.0. Strain UasXn-3T could grow on several polysaccharides and sugars, including cellulose, cellobiose, xylan, xylose, glucose, fructose, arabinose, mannose, raffinose, trehalose and starch. The DNA G+C content was 44.4 mol%. On the basis of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain UasXn-3T was identified as a member of the genus Bacteroides and most closely related to Bacteroides oleiciplenus , B. intestinalis , B. cellulosilyticus and B. graminisolvens (sequence similarities of 91.3–91.6 %). Since the genetic and phenotypic properties suggest that strain UasXn-3T represents a novel species, we propose the name Bacteroides luti sp. nov. The type strain is UasXn-3T ( = JCM 19020T = DSM 26991T).

scholarly journals Syntrophomonas palmitatica sp. nov., an anaerobic, syntrophic, long-chain fatty-acid-oxidizing bacterium isolated from methanogenic sludge

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 2137-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Hatamoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Imachi ◽  
Sanae Fukayo ◽  
Akiyoshi Ohashi ◽  
Hideki Harada
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Chain Lengths

A mesophilic, syntrophic, fatty-acid-oxidizing anaerobic strain, designated MPAT, was isolated from granular sludge in a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor used to treat palm oil mill effluent. Cells were slightly curved, non-motile rods. Spore formation was not observed. The optimal temperature for growth was around 37 °C and optimal pH for growth was 7.0. Strain MPAT was able to grow on crotonate or pentenoate plus butyrate in pure culture. In co-culture with the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanospirillum hungatei, strain MPAT was able to oxidize straight-chain saturated fatty acids with carbon chain lengths of C4–C18. The strain was unable to utilize sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, nitrate, fumarate, iron(III) or DMSO as an electron acceptor. The G+C content of the DNA was 45.0 mol%. Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain MPAT was found to be a member of the genus Syntrophomonas and was most closely related to the type strains of Syntrophomonas curvata and Syntrophomonas sapovorans (sequence similarities of 94 %). Genetic and phenotypic characteristics demonstrated that strain MPAT represents a novel species, for which the name Syntrophomonas palmitatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MPAT (=JCM 14374T=NBRC 102128T=DSM 18709T).

scholarly journals Kaistia granuli sp. nov., isolated from anaerobic granules in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2280-2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae-Won Lee ◽  
Hong-Shan Yu ◽  
Qing-mei Liu ◽  
Hae-Min Jung ◽  
Dong-Shan An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Sequence Similarities

A Gram-negative, chemo-organotrophic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium (designated strain Ko04T) was isolated from anaerobic granules in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, and was investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Ko04T belongs to the order Rhizobiales in the Alphaproteobacteria. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Ko04T was most closely related to Kaistia adipata (97.5 %) and that sequence similarities with other species of Rhizobiales with validly published names were less than 92.5 %. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c/ω9t/ω12t, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and C18 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain Ko04T was 67.8 mol%. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness with K. adipata Chj404T was 15 %. The results of the genotypic analyses in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data demonstrated that strain Ko04T represents a novel species within the genus Kaistia, for which the name Kaistia granuli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ko04T (=KCTC 12575T=LMG 23410T).

scholarly journals Pelotomaculum propionicicum sp. nov., an anaerobic, mesophilic, obligately syntrophic, propionate-oxidizing bacterium

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1487-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Imachi ◽  
Sanae Sakai ◽  
Akiyoshi Ohashi ◽  
Hideki Harada ◽  
Satoshi Hanada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Methanospirillum Hungatei ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Bacterium Strain ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

An anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, propionate-oxidizing bacterium, strain MGPT, was isolated as a defined co-culture with Methanospirillum hungatei from the methanogenic sludge of a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The strain grew in the presence of propionate, but only in co-culture with methanogens, suggesting that it is an obligately syntrophic bacterium. The optimum temperature for growth was 37 °C, and the optimum pH was between 6.5 and 7.2. Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain MGPT was affiliated with subcluster Ih of ‘Desulfotomaculum cluster I’, in which it was found to be moderately related to known species of the genera Pelotomaculum and Cryptanaerobacter. Similar to known species of the genus Pelotomaculum, strain MGPT could degrade propionate in syntrophy, but had no ability to reduce sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate. Further phenotypic and genetic studies supported the affiliation of the strain as a novel species in this genus, for which the name Pelotomaculum propionicicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MGPT (=DSM 15578T=JCM 11929T). The strain has been deposited in the DSM and JCM culture collections as a defined co-culture with Methanospirillum hungatei.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Physiological Insights into the Robustness of Long Filamentous Cells of Methanosaeta harundinacea, Prevalent in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Granules

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liguang Zhou ◽  
Haiying Yu ◽  
Guomin Ai ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Songnian Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Aceticlastic Methanogenesis ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

ABSTRACTMethanosaetaspp. are widely distributed in natural environments, and their filamentous cells contribute significantly to sludge granulation and the good performance of anaerobic reactors. A previous study indicated thatMethanosaeta harundinacea6Ac displays a quorum sensing-regulated morphological transition from short to long filaments, and more acetate is channeled into methane production in long filaments, whereas more is channeled into biomass synthesis in short filaments. Here, we performed transcriptomic and physiological analysis to gain insights into active methanogenesis in long filaments ofM. harundinacea6Ac. Both RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR indicated that transcription of the genes involved in aceticlastic methanogenesis and energy metabolism was upregulated 1.2- to 10.3-fold in long filaments, while transcription of the genes for the methyl oxidative shunt was upregulated in short filaments. [2-13C]acetate trace experiments demonstrated that a relatively higher portion of the acetate methyl group was oxidized to CO2in short filaments than in long filaments. The long filaments exhibited higher catalase activity and oxygen tolerance than the short ones, which is consistent with increased transcription of the oxidant-scavenging genes. Moreover, transcription of genes for cell surface structures was upregulated in the long filaments, and transmission electron microscopy revealed a thicker cell envelope in the filaments. RNA-seq determined a >2-fold upregulation of a variety of antistress genes in short filaments, like those encoding chaperones and DNA repair systems, which implies that the short filaments can be stressed. This study reveals the genetic basis for the prevalence of the long filamentous morphology ofM. harundinaceacells in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket granules.

scholarly journals Elstera litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from stone biofilms of Lake Constance, Germany

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 1750-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monali Rahalkar ◽  
Rahul A. Bahulikar ◽  
Jörg S. Deutzmann ◽  
Peter G. Kroth ◽  
Bernhard Schink
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Lake Constance ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Novel Genus And Species ◽  
Utilization Patterns

An alphaproteobacterium, strain Dia-1T, was isolated from algae-dominated biofilms on stones from the littoral zone of Lake Constance, Germany. This bacterium was isolated after initial enrichment in spent medium obtained after growth of a diatom culture. Numerous sugars and some organic acids and alcohols served as growth substrates. The bacterium grew slowly, was strictly aerobic but microaerophilic, and did not grow in cultures shaken under air. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain Dia-1T was distantly related to representatives of the genera Azospirillum (90–91 % sequence similarity), Skermanella (88–89 %), Rhodocista (87–88 %) and Dongia (88–89 % sequence similarity). Based on this sequence comparison, on phenotypic characterization including substrate utilization patterns, and comparison of cellular fatty acids, quinones, polar lipids and polyamines, this isolate was found to be substantially different from the genera mentioned above. On the basis of these results, a novel genus and species is proposed for this strain. The name Elstera litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov. is suggested, with strain Dia-1T ( = DSM 19532T = LMG 24234T) as the type strain of the type species.

Combined anaerobic/aerobic (UASB + UBAF) system for organic matter and nitrogen removal from a high strength industrial wastewater

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Lacalle ◽  
S. Villaverde ◽  
F. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
P. A. García-Encina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
In Series ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The paper presents the experimental results collected from seven months of operation of a combined anaerobic/aerobic system treating an industrial effluent with averaged content of organic matter and nitrogen of 10.4 g COD /L and 790 mg NKT /L, respectively. The system was formed by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and an upflow biological aerated filter (UBAF) connected in series, with a recycling line of the UBAF effluent into the UASB for its denitrification. The best results were obtained when operating the two reactors, UASB and UBAF, with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 3.3 and 1.3 days, respectively, and a recycling ratio of 6.7. Under these conditions the system removed 98% of the organic matter and ammonia and 91% of the total nitrogen entering the system. The activity of the different microorganisms was followed through activity assays consisting of measuring the consumption or production rate of any specific substrate or metabolism product. Thus when operating the system under the aforementioned conditions the reported values for the specific activity of methanogenic microorganims and denitrifiers coexisting in the UASB were 1.05 g COD/g VS d and 32.08 mg NO3−-N/g VS d, respectively. While the activity of ammonia and nitrite oxidisers within the UBAF were 47.65 and 4.36 mg O2 /g VS h, respectively.

scholarly journals Hydrogenispora ethanolica gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic carbohydrate-fermenting bacterium from anaerobic sludge

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1756-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Jiang-Tao Qiao ◽  
Xian-Zheng Yuan ◽  
Rong-Bo Guo ◽  
Yan-Ling Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Optimum Ph

An anaerobic, spore-forming, ethanol-hydrogen-coproducing bacterium, designated LX-BT, was isolated from an anaerobic sludge treating herbicide wastewater. Cells of strain LX-BT were non-motile rods (0.3–0.5×3.0–18.0 µm). Spores were terminal with a bulged sporangium. Growth occurred at 20–50 °C (optimum 37–45 °C), pH 5.0–8.0 (optimum pH 6.0–7.7) and 0–2.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain could grow fermentatively on glucose, maltose, arabinose, fructose, xylose, ribose, galactose, mannose, raffinose, sucrose, pectin, starch, glycerol, fumarate, tryptone and yeast extract. The major end-products of glucose fermentation were acetate, ethanol and hydrogen. Yeast extract was not required but stimulated growth. Nitrate, sulfate, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, sulfite, anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, fumarate and Fe (III) nitrilotriacetate were not used as terminal electron acceptors. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.1 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and C16 : 0. The most abundant polar lipids of strain LX-BT were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that it belongs to an as-yet-unidentified taxon at the order- or class-level (OPB54) within the phylum Firmicutes , showing 86.5 % sequence similarity to previously described species of the Desulfotomaculum cluster. The name Hydrogenispora ethanolica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate strain LX-BT ( = DSM 25471T = JCM 18117T = CGMCC 1.5175T) as the type strain.

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