Experimental Legionella longbeachae infection in intratracheally inoculated mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Gobin ◽  
Milorad Susa ◽  
Gabrijela Begic ◽  
Elizabeth L. Hartland ◽  
Miljenko Doric
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Lower Respiratory Disease ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study established an experimental model of replicative Legionella longbeachae infection in A/J mice. The animals were infected by intratracheal inoculation of 103–109 c.f.u. L. longbeachae serogroup 1 (USA clinical isolates D4968, D4969 and D4973). The inocula of 109, 108, 107 and 106 c.f.u. of all tested L. longbeachae serogroup 1 isolates were lethal for A/J mice. Inoculation of 105 c.f.u. L. longbeachae caused death in 90 % of the animals within 5 days, whilst inoculation of 104 c.f.u. caused sporadic death of mice. All animals that received 103 c.f.u. bacteria developed acute lower respiratory disease, but were able to clear Legionella from the lungs within 3 weeks. The kinetics of bacterial growth in the lungs was independent of inoculum size and reached a growth peak about 3 logarithms above the initial inoculum at 72 h after inoculation. The most prominent histological changes in the lungs were observed at 48–72 h after inoculation in the form of a focal, neutrophil-dominant, peribronchiolar infiltration. The inflammatory process did not progress towards the interstitial or alveolar spaces. Immunohistological analyses revealed L. longbeachae serogroup 1 during the early phase of infection near the bronchiolar epithelia and later co-localized with inflammatory cells. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice strains were also susceptible to infection with all L. longbeachae serogroup 1 strains tested and very similar changes were observed in the lungs of infected animals. These results underline the infection potential of L. longbeachae serogroup 1, which is associated with high morbidity and lethality in mice.

Biosurfactant production and its effects on solubilization activity of phenanthrene: a longitudinal study

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-585
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Golshan ◽  
Maryam Dastoorpour ◽  
Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Bacterial Inoculum ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Course Study

Pseudomonas facilis and Pseudomonasspp., isolated on the basis of its ability to grow on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, was assayed for biosurfactant production (BP) potentials by measuring the surface tension (ST) of the culture supernatant at different time intervals. The strains in three levels of initial inoculum size (OD600 nm = 0.5, 1, 1.5) were added to medium to determine if bacterial inoculum size affects solubilization of phenanthrene (PHE).The result showed that although the two strains reduced the mean ST to less than 34.12 mN m−1 at the end of day 6, mean solubilization activity of PHE reached 77.05 mg L−1 on the sixth day. There was a significant increase in BP over time (P = 0.008); reaching its peak, 157.84 mg L−1, at the end of the sixth day. Mean solubilization activity of PHE was not significantly different for the two strains (P = 0.216). The time-course study revealed that the ST reduction and BP potential was enhanced as inoculation size increased, leading to higher PHE solubility during the incubation time. However, the trend of increase in PHE solubility was not totally in the same way to cell growth and BP. It may be suggested that more bacterial density needs to be inoculated for practical application of effective bioremediation.

scholarly journals HISTOLOGIC AND RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF PATHOLOGIC CHANGE IN COMPLETE IMPACTED THIRD MOLARS DENTAL FOLLICLES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafiqa Mohammed Haidra Masdoose ◽  
Akram Thabet Nasher ◽  
Monya A. El-Zine ◽  
Ameen Abdullah Yahya Al-Akwa ◽  
Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Dentigerous Cyst ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Impacted Third Molar ◽  
Younger Age

Background: Prophylactic extraction of the asymptomatic impacted third molar is routinely practiced in Europe and the United States. The justification for prophylactic extraction includes the need to reduce the risk of pathologic changes such as cysts and tumors.   Objectives: This study aimed to study the histological and radiological changes in the tooth follicles of upper and lower complete impacted 3rd molars -which appeared radiologically normal. Material and method: A prospective study included fifty patients aged 20 years and above who were referred to the Oral Surgery Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sana'a. Patients had follicular space between (2.5mm -3mm) as measured by the panoramic X-ray. These teeth were removed surgically and the follicle was sent for histopathological examination. Results: Most histopathological changes were in dental follicles with a size of <2.5 mm (86%), and only 14% with 2.5 mm - 3 mm. There was statistical significance between the smallest size of dental follicles with the incidence of pathological histological changes indicating a high probability of developing neoplasm (p =0.008).  Of the 50 follicular patients, 28% showed HC, nine (64%) had ameloblastoma, four (29%) had a dentigerous cyst, and only one case (7%) had a multicalcified focus with islands of odontogenic epithelium. While 72% of the samples had normal follicles and non-specific chronic inflammatory cells. There is an association between female sex and pathological histological changes (12 females: 2 males, p =0.008), age group 21-25 years (93% HC), with mandibles (65% HC). Regarding angle and histopathological changes, 36% were vertical, 29% mesioangular, 14.2% horizontal and destioangular, and 7.1% buccoangular. Conclusion:  High incidence of HC occurred in patients with DF, and it was associated with smaller dental follicle size, most HC was ameloblastoma, followed by dentigerous cyst, while 72% of samples had normal follicles and non-specific chronic inflammatory cells. There is a correlation between female gender, younger age group, and jaw position with HC. Prophylactic extraction of the asymptomatic impacted third molar should be routinely practiced in Yemen, to reduce the risk of pathological changes, especially in females and younger age groups.                            Peer Review History: Received 11 January 2021; Revised 8 February; Accepted 28 February, Available online 15 March 2021 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected] Dr. Alfonso Alexander Aguileral, University of Veracruz,  Mexico, [email protected]   Similar Articles: RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF THE COURSE AND VISIBILITY OF THE MANDIBULAR CANAL BY PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY

scholarly journals Histological changes of the sciatic nerve in dogs after intraneural application of lidocaine--relation to the established application pressure

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakira Mornjaković ◽  
Faruk Dilberović ◽  
Esad Ćosović ◽  
Kučuk-Alija Divanović ◽  
Asja Začiragić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Covering System

Histological changes of sciatic nerve in adult dogs 7 days after single application of 2% lido-caine (4 ml dose, speed of injection 3 ml/min) and measurement of the application pressure was studied, with a goal to investigate structural changes of the nerve in relation to the established pressure values. The application pressure was determined by using Bio Bench software. In intrafascicular puncture an average application pressure of 198.23 ± 52 kPa was found, and in interfascicular puncture its average value was 53.3 ± 17.9 kPa, with a note that individual differences are regularly present. Seven days after the injection, a nerve dissection was performed and serial sections covering the region of injection’s puncture and bordering proximal and distal zones, in the total length of 3 cm, were prepared. The found changed show the presence of nerves’ fibers lesions with a strong reactivity of Schwann’s cell, as well as the change of interstitial structure concerning hypercellularity and occurrence of cellular extravasation. The covering system of the nerve in the zone of epineurium manifests changes of inflammatory process and in perineurium a decomposition of lamella layers and the alteration of their tinctorial properties were noticed. A comparison of the found nerve reactivities in intra- and interfascicular application showed their one-way alteration, although the lesions were more noticeable in the conditions of intrafascicular application. The damages were mostly expressed in the zone of local application of anesthetic, than distally from it, while the damage to the structure in the proximal part is of the smallest degree.

Cellular basis for genetically determined enhanced resistance of certain mouse strains to listeriosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
C Sadarangani ◽  
E Skamene ◽  
P A Kongshavn
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetically Determined

The characteristics of the mononuclear phagocytes mediating resistance to infection with Listeria during the early phase (0 to 48 h) of the response have been investigated in genetically determined susceptible (A/J) and resistant (C57BL/6, B10.A/SgSn) strains of mice. Irradiation immediately before infection profoundly enhanced the bacterial growth in the resistant strain, while having no effect in the susceptible strain, over a wide range (3 x 10(3) to 10(5)) of infective doses. This effect of irradiation is demonstrable at low-dose radiation (200 roentgens) and can be reversed by repopulation with 20 x 10(6) syngeneic nucleated bone marrow cells. Administration of dextran sulfate 500 24 h before infection profoundly enhanced the bacterial growth in the susceptible strain, while having much less effect in the resistant strain. Thus, the genetic advantage of the resistant mouse strains to listerial infection, at least during the early phase of the response, appears to be due to a cellular mechanism that is highly radiosensitive and relatively insensitive to dextran sulfate 500. In the susceptible strain, the early protective cellular mechanism is radioresistant and highly dextran sulfate 500 sensitive.

Exploring the sites and kinetics of bronchodilator response to β-2 agonists in asthma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Demey ◽  
Alain Van Muylem ◽  
Andrei Malinovschi ◽  
Amaryllis Haccuria ◽  
Silvia Perez-Bogerd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Bronchodilator Effect ◽  
Bronchodilator Response ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Single Breath Test ◽  
Human Airways ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Β2 Agonists

Background We previously documented, in asthma patients, three different profiles of bronchodilation induced by short acting β-2 mimetics (SABA), characterized by dilation up to central, pre-acinar and intra-acinar airways assessed by ventilation distribution tests and associated with no change, increase and decrease of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) respectively. Aim To investigate the dynamics of these profiles over the entire SABA action period, assuming that airways bronchodilation could exhibit varying kinetics due to differences in the distribution of β-2 receptors in both the central and peripheral human airways. Methods FENO, FEV1, and the slope (S) of He and SF6 phase III (single-breath test) were measured in asthma patients before, and up to six hours after SABA inhalation (salbutamol 400µg). SHe and SSF6 decrease reflects pre- and intra-acinar obstruction relief respectively. Results 30 asthma patients (12F/18M, age: 45±18 years) were divided into groups with positive (NO+, n=9), negative (NO-, n=11) and no (NO=, n=10) FENO acute change. In the NO- group, FEV1 increased for up to four hours, whereas FENO, SHe and SF6 decreased in the early phase only. In stark contrast, in the NO+ group, FEV1 increased in the early phase only while the FENO increase and the SHe decrease lasted for up to four hours. Conclusion This study documents various profiles of SABA-induced bronchodilation in asthma patients, differing both by sites and dynamics of the bronchodilator process. So, detailed understanding of the bronchodilator effect of β2-agonists in asthma should not solely be limited to studying their impact on FEV1.

Biology and pathology of atherosclerosis

2010 ◽  
pp. 2873-2881
Author(s):  
Robin P. Choudhury ◽  
Edward A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Intimal Layer

Formation of an atheromatous plaque—this is an inflammatory process that involves the contribution of endothelial cells, monocytes, and smooth muscle cells in conjunction with the deposition of atherogenic lipoproteins in the intimal layer of the vascular wall. The initial stage involves activation of the endothelium at regions of nonlaminar flow in vessels resulting in increased permeability to Apo B-containing lipoproteins (LDL). Inflammatory cells, in particular monocytes, are recruited into the intimal layer of the vessel wall via the action of chemokines and adhesion molecules mobilized by activated endothelium....

Early phase viral kinetics of chronic hepatitis C patients receiving telaprevir-based triple therapy: A comparison of two real-time PCR assays

2013 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiichi Ogawa ◽  
Norihiro Furusyo ◽  
Masayuki Murata ◽  
Kazuhiro Toyoda ◽  
Kunimitsu Eiraku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Triple Therapy ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Viral Kinetics ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C Patients
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