scholarly journals Advances in actinomycete research: an ActinoBase review of 2019

Microbiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 166 (8) ◽  
pp. 683-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M.M. Prudence ◽  
Emily Addington ◽  
Laia Castaño-Espriu ◽  
David R. Mark ◽  
Linamaría Pintor-Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Medical Importance

The actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the order Actinomycetales within the phylum Actinobacteria . They include members with significant economic and medical importance, for example filamentous actinomycetes such as Streptomyces species, which have a propensity to produce a plethora of bioactive secondary metabolites and form symbioses with higher organisms, such as plants and insects. Studying these bacteria is challenging, but also fascinating and very rewarding. As a Microbiology Society initiative, members of the actinomycete research community have been developing a Wikipedia-style resource, called ActinoBase, the purpose of which is to aid in the study of these filamentous bacteria. This review will highlight 10 publications from 2019 that have been of special interest to the ActinoBase community, covering 4 major components of actinomycete research: (i) development and regulation; (ii) specialized metabolites; (iii) ecology and host interactions; and (iv) technology and methodology.

scholarly journals Actinomycetes as An Environmental Scrubber

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutaria Devanshi ◽  
Kamlesh R. Shah ◽  
Sudipti Arora ◽  
Sonika Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Broad Variety

Biotechnological tools engaged in the bioremediation process are in reality, sophisticated and dynamic in character. For specialized reasons, a broad variety of such devices are employed to produce a safe and balanced environment free of all types of toxins and so make life simpler for humans on planet Earth. Actinomycetes is one of these extremely important and functionally helpful groups. They can be used for a variety of bioremediation objectives, including biotransformation, biodegradation, and many more. Actinomycetes are one of the most varied groups of filamentous bacteria, capable of prospering in a variety of ecological settings because to their bioactive capabilities. They’re famous for their metabolic diversity, which includes the synthesis of commercially useful primary and secondary metabolites. They produce a range of enzymes capable of totally destroying all of the constituents. They are well-known for their ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. Members of various genera of Actinomycetes show promise for application in the bioconversion of underutilized urban and agricultural waste into high-value chemical compounds. The most potential source is a wide range of important enzymes, some of which are synthesized on an industrial scale, but there are many more that have yet to be discovered. Bioremediation methods, which use naturally existing microbes to clear residues and contaminated regions of dangerous organic chemicals, are improving all the time. In the realm of biotechnological science, the potential of actinomycetes for bioremediation and the synthesis of secondary metabolites has opened up intriguing prospects for a sustainable environment.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of the Lignocellulose-Degrading Actinomycete Streptomyces albus CAS922

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Tippelt ◽  
Markus Nett ◽  
M. Soledad Vela Gurovic
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Streptomyces Albus

ABSTRACT Streptomyces albus CAS922 was isolated from sunflower seed hulls. Its fully sequenced genome harbors a multitude of genes for carbohydrate-active enzymes, which likely facilitate growth on lignocellulosic biomass. Furthermore, the presence of 27 predicted biosynthetic gene clusters indicates a significant potential for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Moorea producens gen. nov., sp. nov. and Moorea bouillonii comb. nov., tropical marine cyanobacteria rich in bioactive secondary metabolites

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1171-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Engene ◽  
Erin C. Rottacker ◽  
Jan Kaštovský ◽  
Tara Byrum ◽  
Hyukjae Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Botanical Nomenclature ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Algae Blooms ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Peptide Synthetase ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Micro Organisms

The filamentous cyanobacterial genus Moorea gen. nov., described here under the provisions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, is a cosmopolitan pan-tropical group abundant in the marine benthos. Members of the genus Moorea are photosynthetic (containing phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, allophycocyanin and chlorophyll a), but non-diazotrophic (lack heterocysts and nitrogenase reductase genes). The cells (discoid and 25–80 µm wide) are arranged in long filaments (<10 cm in length) and often form extensive mats or blooms in shallow water. The cells are surrounded by thick polysaccharide sheaths covered by a rich diversity of heterotrophic micro-organisms. A distinctive character of this genus is its extraordinarily rich production of bioactive secondary metabolites. This is matched by genomes rich in polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase biosynthetic genes which are dedicated to secondary metabolism. The encoded natural products are sometimes responsible for harmful algae blooms and, due to morphological resemblance to the genus Lyngbya , this group has often been incorrectly cited in the literature. We here describe two species of the genus Moorea: Moorea producens sp. nov. (type species of the genus) with 3LT as the nomenclature type, and Moorea bouillonii comb. nov. with PNG5-198R as the nomenclature type.

scholarly journals Lysobacter enzymogenes Uses Two Distinct Cell-Cell Signaling Systems for Differential Regulation of Secondary-Metabolite Biosynthesis and Colony Morphology

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (21) ◽  
pp. 6604-6616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Qian ◽  
Yulan Wang ◽  
Yiru Liu ◽  
Feifei Xu ◽  
Ya-Wen He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Lysobacter Enzymogenes ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTLysobacter enzymogenesis a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that is emerging as a potentially novel biological control agent and a new source of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as the heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF) and photoprotective polyene pigments. Thus far, the regulatory mechanism(s) for biosynthesis of these bioactive secondary metabolites remains largely unknown inL. enzymogenes. In the present study, the diffusible signal factor (DSF) and diffusible factor (DF)-mediated cell-cell signaling systems were identified for the first time fromL. enzymogenes. The results show that both Rpf/DSF and DF signaling systems played critical roles in modulating HSAF biosynthesis inL. enzymogenes. Rpf/DSF signaling and DF signaling played negative and positive effects in polyene pigment production, respectively, with DF playing a more important role in regulating this phenotype. Interestingly, only Rpf/DSF, but not the DF signaling system, regulated colony morphology ofL. enzymgenes. Both Rpf/DSF and DF signaling systems were involved in the modulation of expression of genes with diverse functions inL. enzymogenes, and their own regulons exhibited only a few loci that were regulated by both systems. These findings unveil for the first time new roles of the Rpf/DSF and DF signaling systems in secondary metabolite biosynthesis ofL. enzymogenes.

scholarly journals A Possible Role for Exocytosis in Aflatoxin Export in Aspergillus parasiticus

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1724-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindya Chanda ◽  
Ludmila V. Roze ◽  
John E. Linz
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Subcellular Organelles ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

ABSTRACT Filamentous fungi synthesize bioactive secondary metabolites with major human health and economic impacts. Little is known about the mechanisms that mediate the export of these metabolites to the cell exterior. Aspergillus parasiticus synthesizes aflatoxin, a secondary metabolite that is one of the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens known. We previously demonstrated that aflatoxin is synthesized and compartmentalized in specialized vesicles called aflatoxisomes and that these subcellular organelles also play a role in the export process. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that aflatoxisomes fuse with the cytoplasmic membrane to facilitate the release of aflatoxin into the growth environment. Microscopic analysis of A. parasiticus grown under aflatoxin-inducing and non-aflatoxin-inducing conditions generated several lines of experimental evidence that supported the hypothesis. On the basis of the evidence, we propose that export of the mycotoxin aflatoxin in Aspergillus parasiticus occurs by exocytosis, and we present a model to illustrate this export mechanism.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Bacillus cereus E41 and Bacillus anthracis F34 Isolated from Algerian Salt Lakes

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Seghir Daas ◽  
Albert Remus R. Rosana ◽  
Jeella Z. Acedo ◽  
Farida Nateche ◽  
Salima Kebbouche-Gana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Salt Lakes ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Eastern Algeria

ABSTRACT Two strains of Bacillus, B. cereus E41 and B. anthracis F34, were isolated from a salt lake in Aïn M’lila-Oum El Bouaghi, eastern Algeria, and Ain Baida-Ouargla, southern Algeria, respectively. Their genomes display genes for the production of several bioactive secondary metabolites, including polyhydroxyalkanoate, iron siderophores, lipopeptides, and bacteriocins.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus paralicheniformis F47, Isolated from an Algerian Salty Lake

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Seghir Daas ◽  
Albert Remus R. Rosana ◽  
Jeella Z. Acedo ◽  
Malika Douzane ◽  
Farida Nateche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacillus Paralicheniformis ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Circular Bacteriocin

ABSTRACT Bacillus paralicheniformis F47 was isolated from a salty lake in Ain Baida-Ouargla, southern Algeria. The genome contains genes for the production of several bioactive secondary metabolites, including the siderophore bacillibactin, the lipopeptides fengycin, surfactin, and lichenysin, the antibiotics bacitracin and kanosamine, and a putative circular bacteriocin.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural Variability of the Exosporium Layer of Clostridium difficile Spores

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 2202-2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Pizarro-Guajardo ◽  
Paulina Calderón-Romero ◽  
Pablo Castro-Córdova ◽  
Paola Mora-Uribe ◽  
Daniel Paredes-Sabja
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron Micrographs ◽  
Spore Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTThe anaerobic sporeformerClostridium difficileis the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea in developed and developing countries. The metabolically dormant spore form is considered the transmission, infectious, and persistent morphotype, and the outermost exosporium layer is likely to play a major role in spore-host interactions during the first contact ofC. difficilespores with the host and for spore persistence during recurrent episodes of infection. Although some studies on the biology of the exosporium have been conducted (J. Barra-Carrasco et al., J Bacteriol 195:3863–3875, 2013,http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.00369-13; J. Phetcharaburanin et al., Mol Microbiol 92:1025–1038, 2014,http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mmi.12611), there is a lack of information on the ultrastructural variability and stability of this layer. In this work, using transmission electron micrographs, we analyzed the variability of the spore's outermost layers in various strains and found distinctive variability in the ultrastructural morphotype of the exosporium within and between strains. Through transmission electron micrographs, we observed that although this layer was stable during spore purification, it was partially lost after 6 months of storage at room temperature. These observations were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, where a significant decrease in the levels of two exosporium markers, the N-terminal domain of BclA1 and CdeC, was observed. It is also noteworthy that the presence of the exosporium marker CdeC on spores obtained fromC. difficilebiofilms depended on the biofilm culture conditions and the strain used. Collectively, these results provide information on the heterogeneity and stability of the exosporium surface ofC. difficilespores. These findings have direct implications and should be considered in the development of novel methods to diagnose and/or removeC. difficilespores by using exosporium proteins as targets.

scholarly journals Penile implant infection resulting in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and infective endocarditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Creel ◽  
David Triplett ◽  
Mannu Nayyar ◽  
Nathan A. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Scrotal Pain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Penile Implant

Introduction. Penile implant infections are a possible surgical complication that has historically been most commonly associated with Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacteria and is the most common cause of endocarditis. Case Presentation. A male patient in his 50s with a past medical history of hypertension, diabetes, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and erectile dysfunction with a penile implant placed 6 years prior to the admission date presented with complaints of scrotal pain. The pump for his implant had eroded through his scrotum and was draining pus. Blood cultures returned positive for Gram-positive cocci in clusters in 4/4 bottles, which was eventually identified as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was performed due to concern for infective endocarditis (IE) but did not show any valvular abnormalities. Due to high clinical suspicion, a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was performed and revealed a vegetation on the native mitral valve. His penile implant was removed by urology and intraoperative cultures grew MSSA. Surgical valve replacement was not recommended, and the patient was sent home with IV antibiotics for 6 weeks. Discussion. Post-operative site infections are a quite uncommon point of entry for infective endocarditis, with penile implant infections being an even rarer cause. While a TTE is often used initially to attempt to diagnose infective endocarditis, it has lower sensitivity than a TEE. If clinical suspicion for infective endocarditis remains high after negative imaging with TTE, then TEE should be performed for better visualization of the heart valves.

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Geosmithia langdonii

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Malak ◽  
DW Bishay ◽  
AM Abdel-baky ◽  
AM Moharram ◽  
SJ Cutler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites
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