Isolation and characterization of bacteria from activated sludge capable of degrading 17α-ethinylestradiol, a contaminant of high environmental concern

Microbiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Luz Palma ◽  
Anastasiia Shylova ◽  
Maria Clara Costa
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Pantoea Agglomerans ◽  
World Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

The compound 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a synthetic oestrogen which is classified as a group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization. Together with other endocrine disruptor compounds, EE2 has been included in the surface water Watch List by the European Commission, since it causes severe adverse effects in ecosystems. Thus, it became a high priority to find or improve processes such as biodegradation of EE2 to completely remove this drug from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The present study aimed at the isolation of bacteria capable of degrading EE2 using environmental samples, namely a sludge from the Faro Northwest WWTP. Four isolates with ability to grow in the presence of 50 mg l−1 EE2 were obtained. The analysis of 16SrRNA gene sequences identified the isolated bacteria as Acinetobacter bouvetii, Acinetobacter kookii, Pantoea agglomerans and Shinella zoogloeoides . The results of biodegradation assays showed that Acinetobacter bouvetii , Acinetobacter kookii , Pantoea agglomerans and Shinella zoogloeoides were able to degrade 47±4 %, 55±3 %, 64±4% and 35±4 %, respectively of 13 mg l−1 EE2 after 168 h at 28 °C. To the best of our knowledge, these bacterial isolates were identified as EE2 degraders for the first time. In a preliminary experiment on the identification of metabolic products resulting from EE2 degradation products such as estrone (E1), γ-lactone compounds, 2-pentanedioic acid and 2-butenedioic acid an intermediate metabolite of the TCA cycle, were detected.

scholarly journals Shewanella algae and Microbulbifer elongatus from marine macro-algae – isolation and characterization of agar-hydrolysing bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerthana Ponni Kandasamy ◽  
Radhesh Krishnan Subramanian ◽  
Radhakrishnan Srinivasan ◽  
Sengali Ragunath ◽  
G. Balaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Shewanella Algae ◽  
Agarase Activity ◽  
Macro Algae

Macro-algae are a good source of agar oligosaccharides, which can be obtained through bacterial enzymatic hydrolysis. The agarase enzyme secreted by the micro-organisms cleaves the cell wall of the algae and releases agar oligosaccharides as degradation products with various applications. Agarolytic bacteria were isolated from the marine algae Kappaphycus sp., and Sargassum sp., and studied for their agar-degrading properties. Among the 70 isolates, 2 isolates (A13 and Sg8) showed agarase activity in in vitro assays. The maximum agarolytic index was recorded in the isolate Sg8 (3.75 mm and 4.29 µg ml−1 agarase activity), followed by the isolate A13 (2.53 mm and 2.6 µg ml−1 agarase activity). Optimum agarase production of isolate Sg8 was observed at pH7 and at a temperature of 25 °C in 24–48 h, whereas for isolate A13 the optimum production was at pH7 and at a temperature of 37 °C in 48 h. The identities of the agarolytic isolates (Sg8 and A13) were confirmed based on microscopy, morphological, biochemical and molecular analysis as Shewanella algae [National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank accession number MK121204.1] and Microbulbifer elongatus [NCBI GenBank accession number MK825484.1], respectively.

scholarly journals Frischella japonica sp. nov., an anaerobic member of the Orbales in the Gammaproteobacteria, isolated from the gut of the eastern honey bee, Apis cerana japonica Fabricius

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Wolter ◽  
Shota Suenami ◽  
Ryo Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
A New Species

The gut of honey bees is characterized by a stable and relatively simple community of bacteria, consisting of seven to ten phylotypes. Two closely related honey bees, Apis mellifera (western honey bee) and Apis cerana (eastern honey bee), show a largely comparable occurrence of those phylotypes, but a distinct set of bacterial species and strains within each bee species. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of Ac13T, a new species within the rare proteobacterial genus Frischella from A. cerana japonica Fabricius. Description of Ac13T as a new species is supported by low identity of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (97.2 %), of the average nucleotide identity based on orthologous genes (77.5 %) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness (24.7 %) to the next but far related type strain Frischella perrara PEB0191T, isolated from A. mellifera. Cells of Ac13T are mesophilic and have a mean length of 2–4 µm and a width of 0.5 µm. Optimal growth was achieved in anoxic conditions, whereas growth was not observed in oxic conditions and strongly reduced in microaerophilic environment. Strain Ac13T shares several features with other members of the Orbaceae , such as the major fatty acid profile, the respiratory quinone type and relatively low DNA G+C content, in accordance with its evolutionary relationship. Unlike F. perrara , strain Ac13T is susceptible to a broad range of antibiotics, which could be indicative for an antibiotic-free A. cerana bee keeping. In conclusion, we propose strain Ac13T as a novel species for which we propose the name Frischella japonica sp. nov. with the type strain Ac13T (=NCIMB 15259=JCM 34075).

scholarly journals Molecular docking, dynamics and free energy analyses of Acinetobacter baumannii OXA class enzymes with carbapenems investigating their hydrolytic mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1062-1078
Author(s):  
Balajee Ramachandran ◽  
Jeyaraman Jeyakanthan ◽  
Bruno S. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
World Health ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Class D

Introduction. Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical priority pathogen listed by the World Health Organization due to increasing levels of resistance to carbapenem classes of antibiotics. It causes wound and other nosocomial infections, which can be life-threatening. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new classes of antibiotics. Aim. To study the interaction of carabapenems with class D beta-lactamases (oxacillinases) and analyse drug resistance by studying enzyme–substrate complexes using modelling approaches as a means of establishing correlations with the phenotypic data. Methodology. The three-dimensional structures of carbapenems (doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem) were obtained from DrugBank and screened against class D beta-lactamases. Further, the study was extended with their variants. The variants’ structure was homology-modelled using the Schrödinger Prime module (Schrödinger LLC, NY, USA). Results. The first discovered intrinsic beta-lactamase of Acinetobacter baumannii , OXA-51, had a binding energy value of −40.984 kcal mol−1, whereas other OXA-51 variants, such as OXA-64, OXA-110 and OXA-111, have values of −60.638, –66.756 and −67.751 kcal mol−1, respectively. The free energy values of OXA-51 variants produced better results than those of other groups. Conclusions. Imipenem and meropenem showed MIC values of 2 and 8 µg ml−1, respectively against OXA-51 in earlier studies, indicating that these are the most effective drugs for treatment of A. baumannii infection. According to our results, OXA-51 is an active enzyme that shows better interactions and is capable of hydrolyzing carbapenems. When correlating the hydrogen-bonding interaction with MIC values, the predicted results are in good agreement and might provide initial insights into performing similar studies related to OXA variants or other antibiotic–enzyme-based studies.

scholarly journals Phylogeography and resistome of pneumococcal meningitis in West Africa before and after vaccine introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madikay Senghore ◽  
Peggy-Estelle Tientcheu ◽  
Archibald Kwame Worwui ◽  
Sheikh Jarju ◽  
Catherine Okoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
World Health ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vaccine Serotypes ◽  
Accessory Genome ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Before And After

Despite contributing to the large disease burden in West Africa, little is known about the genomic epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae which cause meningitis among children under 5 years old in the region. We analysed whole-genome sequencing data from 185  S . pneumoniae isolates recovered from suspected paediatric meningitis cases as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) invasive bacterial diseases surveillance from 2010 to 2016. The phylogeny was reconstructed, accessory genome similarity was computed and antimicrobial-resistance patterns were inferred from the genome data and compared to phenotypic resistance from disc diffusion. We studied the changes in the distribution of serotypes pre- and post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction in the Central and Western sub-regions separately. The overall distribution of non-vaccine, PCV7 (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F) and additional PCV13 serotypes (1, 3, 5, 6A, 19A and 7F) did not change significantly before and after PCV introduction in the Central region (Fisher's test P value 0.27) despite an increase in the proportion of non-vaccine serotypes to 40 % (n=6) in the post-PCV introduction period compared to 21.9 % (n=14). In the Western sub-region, PCV13 serotypes were more dominant among isolates from The Gambia following the introduction of PCV7, 81 % (n=17), compared to the pre-PCV period in neighbouring Senegal, 51 % (n=27). The phylogeny illustrated the diversity of strains associated with paediatric meningitis in West Africa and highlighted the existence of phylogeographical clustering, with isolates from the same sub-region clustering and sharing similar accessory genome content. Antibiotic-resistance genotypes known to confer resistance to penicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline were detected across all sub-regions. However, there was no discernible trend linking the presence of resistance genotypes with the vaccine introduction period or whether the strain was a vaccine or non-vaccine serotype. Resistance genotypes appeared to be conserved within selected sub-clades of the phylogenetic tree, suggesting clonal inheritance. Our data underscore the need for continued surveillance on the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes as well as chloramphenicol and penicillin resistance, as these antibiotics are likely still being used for empirical treatment in low-resource settings. This article contains data hosted by Microreact.

scholarly journals The antimicrobial resistance landscape of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New Zealand from November 2018 to March 2019 and the role of sexual orientation in transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Straub ◽  
Callum Thirkell ◽  
Audrey Tiong ◽  
Rosemary Woodhouse ◽  
Jenny Szeto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexual Networks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Azithromycin Resistance

The increasing use of culture independent diagnostic testing for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection has led to gaps in surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates due to limited availability of cultures. Our study reports the findings of a second national survey of N. gonorrhoeae in New Zealand, utilizing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to study the population structure, prevalence of AMR, epidemiology and transmission of gonorrhoea isolates. We analysed 314 isolates and found a strong correlation between carriage of acquired resistance genes or chromosomal point mutations and phenotypic susceptibility testing results. Overall, the New Zealand rates of azithromycin resistance and decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone remain lower than in most countries, which are part of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (GASP). The phylogeny provides evidence of a diverse population significantly associated with sexual behaviour groups. Transmission clustering with a ten single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) cut-off identified 49 clusters, of which ten were solely associated with men who have sex with men (MSM), whereas remaining clusters included heterosexual patients, as well as MSM, suggesting that bridging of sexual networks is occurring. Utilizing pairwise SNP differences between isolates of the same sequence types we determined genetic variation for the three typing schemes used in this study [Multi locus sequence typing (MLST), multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), and sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR)]. A median of 0.0 to 52.5 pairwise SNP differences within a single NG-STAR sequence type underlines previous findings of the superiority of the NG-STAR typing scheme in terms of genomic inherency. With our analysis incorporating epidemiological and genomic data, we were able to show a comprehensive overview of the N. gonorrhoeae population circulating in New Zealand, focussing on AMR and transmission within sexual networks. Regular surveillance studies to understand the origin, evolution and spread of AMR for gonorrhoea remain necessary to make informed decisions about public health guidelines, as the internationally rising rates of ceftriaxone and azithromycin resistance have already led to adaptation of current treatment guidelines in the UK and the USA, highlighting the importance of regular surveillance in individual countries.

scholarly journals The combination Enterobacter agglomerans is to be cited as Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Ewing and Fife 1972 and the combination Pantoea agglomerans is to be cited as Pantoea agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Gavini et al. 1989. Opinion 90. Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_10) ◽  
pp. 3582-3583 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Tindall
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Pantoea Agglomerans ◽  
Enterobacter Agglomerans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

The Judicial Commission affirms that, according to information presented to it, the combination Enterobacter agglomerans is to be cited as Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Ewing and Fife 1972 and the combination Pantoea agglomerans is to be cited as Pantoea agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Gavini et al. 1989.

scholarly journals Narrative of a versatile and adept species Pseudomonas putida

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maia Kivisaar
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Metabolic Versatility ◽  
Catabolic Genes

Pseudomonas putida is a fast-growing bacterium found mostly in temperate soil and water habitats. The metabolic versatility of P. putida makes this organism attractive for biotechnological applications such as biodegradation of environmental pollutants and synthesis of added-value chemicals (biocatalysis). This organism has been extensively studied in respect to various stress responses, mechanisms of genetic plasticity and transcriptional regulation of catabolic genes. P. putida is able to colonize the surface of living organisms, but is generally considered to be of low virulence. A number of P. putida strains are able to promote plant growth. The aim of this review is to give historical overview of the discovery of the species P. putida and isolation and characterization of P. putida strains displaying potential for biotechnological applications. This review also discusses some major findings in P. putida research encompassing regulation of catabolic operons, stress-tolerance mechanisms and mechanisms affecting evolvability of bacteria under conditions of environmental stress.

scholarly journals Faecalicoccus acidiformans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the chicken caecum, and reclassification of Streptococcus pleomorphus (Barnes et al. 1977), Eubacterium biforme (Eggerth 1935) and Eubacterium cylindroides (Cato et al. 1974) as Faecalicoccus pleomorphus comb. nov., Holdemanella biformis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Faecalitalea cylindroides gen. nov., comb. nov., respectively, within the family Erysipelotrichaceae

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_11) ◽  
pp. 3877-3884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine De Maesschalck ◽  
Filip Van Immerseel ◽  
Venessa Eeckhaut ◽  
Siegrid De Baere ◽  
Margo Cnockaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Strains LMG 27428T and LMG 27427 were isolated from the caecal content of a chicken and produced butyric, lactic and formic acids as major metabolic end products. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains LMG 27428T and LMG 27427 were 40.4 and 38.8 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, both strains were most closely related to the generically misclassified Streptococcus pleomorphus ATCC 29734T. Strain LMG 27428T could be distinguished from S. pleomorphus ATCC 29734T based on production of more lactic acid and less formic acid in M2GSC medium, a higher DNA G+C content and the absence of activities of acid phosphatase and leucine, arginine, leucyl glycine, pyroglutamic acid, glycine and histidine arylamidases, while strain LMG 27428 was biochemically indistinguishable from S. pleomorphus ATCC 29734T. The novel genus Faecalicoccus gen. nov. within the family Erysipelotrichaceae is proposed to accommodate strains LMG 27428T and LMG 27427. Strain LMG 27428T ( = DSM 26963T) is the type strain of Faecalicoccus acidiformans sp. nov., and strain LMG 27427 ( = DSM 26962) is a strain of Faecalicoccus pleomorphus comb. nov. (type strain LMG 17756T = ATCC 29734T = DSM 20574T). Furthermore, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the genus Faecalicoccus are the generically misclassified Eubacterium cylindroides DSM 3983T (94.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to strain LMG 27428T) and Eubacterium biforme DSM 3989T (92.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to strain LMG 27428T). We present genotypic and phenotypic data that allow the differentiation of each of these taxa and propose to reclassify these generically misnamed species of the genus Eubacterium formally as Faecalitalea cylindroides gen. nov., comb. nov. and Holdemanella biformis gen. nov., comb. nov., respectively. The type strain of Faecalitalea cylindroides is DSM 3983T = ATCC 27803T = JCM 10261T and that of Holdemanella biformis is DSM 3989T = ATCC 27806T = CCUG 28091T.

scholarly journals Pseudoseohaeicola caenipelagi gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_6) ◽  
pp. 1819-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyeon Park ◽  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Chul-Hyung Kang ◽  
Song-Gun Kim ◽  
Jung-Hoon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and pleomorphic bacterium, designated BS-W13T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the South Sea, South Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain BS-W13T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 1.0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BS-W13T clustered with the type strain of Seohaeicola saemankumensis , showing the highest sequence similarity (95.96 %) to this strain. Strain BS-W13T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.95, 95.91, 95.72 and 95.68 % to the type strains of Sulfitobacter donghicola , Sulfitobacter porphyrae , Sulfitobacter mediterraneus and Roseobacter litoralis , respectively. Strain BS-W13T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain BS-W13T, containing phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid as major components, was distinguishable from those of some phylogenetically related taxa. The DNA G+C content of strain BS-W13T was 58.1 mol%. The phylogenetic data and differential chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain BS-W13T constitutes a novel genus and species within family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria , for which the name Pseudoseohaeicola caenipelagi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BS-W13T ( = KCTC 42349T = CECT 8724T).

Litorilinea aerophila gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic member of the class Caldilineae , phylum Chloroflexi , isolated from an intertidal hot spring

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 1149-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Kale ◽  
Snædís H. Björnsdóttir ◽  
Ólafur H. Friðjónsson ◽  
Sólveig K. Pétursdóttir ◽  
Sesselja Ómarsdóttir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Fermentative Growth ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Ph Range

A thermophilic, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, filamentous bacterium, strain PRI-4131T, was isolated from an intertidal hot spring in Isafjardardjup, NW Iceland. The strain grew chemo-organotrophically on various carbohydrates. The temperature range for growth was 40–65 °C (optimum 55 °C), the pH range was pH 6.5–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and the NaCl range was 0–3 % (w/v) (optimum 0.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PRI-4131T represented a distinct lineage within the class Caldilineae of the phylum Chloroflexi. The highest levels of sequence similarity, about 91 %, were with Caldilinea aerophila STL-6-O1T and Caldilinea tarbellica D1-25-10-4T. Fermentative growth was not observed for strain PRI-4131T, which, in addition to other characteristics, distinguished it from the two Caldilinea species. Owing to both phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from the described members of the class Caldilineae , we propose to accommodate strain PRI-4131T in a novel species in a new genus, Litorilinea aerophila gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Litorilinea aerophila is PRI-4131T ( = DSM 25763T  = ATCC BAA-2444T).

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