scholarly journals Alternative attachment factors and internalization pathways for GIII.2 bovine noroviruses

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1398-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Mauroy ◽  
Laurent Gillet ◽  
Elisabeth Mathijs ◽  
Alain Vanderplasschen ◽  
Etienne Thiry
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Sodium Periodate ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Bovine Kidney ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Bovine Cell ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Bovine noroviruses belong to the family Caliciviridae, genus Norovirus. Two genotypes have been described and viruses genetically related to the Jena and Newbury2 strains have been classified into genotypes 1 and 2, respectively. In this study, virus-like particles (VLP) of the previously detected B309 Belgian strain, genetically related to genotype 2 bovine noroviruses, were used to investigate virus–host interactions in vitro. B309 VLP were shown to bind to several bovine cell lines. This binding was not affected by heparinase or chondroitinase treatment but was significantly inhibited by both sodium periodate, α-galactosidase, trypsin and phospholipase C treatment. Cell treatment by neuraminidase also moderately affected this binding. Taken together, these results show that, in addition to a galactosyl residue, sialic acid could also be involved in binding to susceptible cells. In addition, both the cholesterol-dependent pathway and macropinocytosis are used for B309 VLP internalization by Madin–Darby bovine kidney cells. The data increase the knowledge on bovine norovirus cell interactions.

scholarly journals α2,6-Linked sialic acid acts as a receptor for Feline calicivirus

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda D. Stuart ◽  
T. David K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Sodium Periodate ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Virus Binding ◽  
Maackia Amurensis ◽  
The Family

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a major causative agent of respiratory disease in cats. It is also one of the few cultivatable members of the family Caliciviridae. It has recently been reported that FCV binding is in part due to interaction with junction adhesion molecule-A. This report describes the characterization of additional receptor components for FCV. Chemical treatment of cells with sodium periodate showed that FCV recognized carbohydrate moieties on the surface of permissive cells. Enzymic treatment with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase demonstrated that sialic acid was a major determinant of virus binding. Further characterization using linkage-specific lectins from Maackia amurensis and Sambucus nigra revealed that FCV recognized sialic acid with an α2,6 linkage. Using various proteases and metabolic inhibitors, it was shown that α2,6-linked sialic acid recognized by FCV is present on an N-linked glycoprotein.

scholarly journals Differential Growth Characteristics of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Kidney Cells of Human and Bovine Origin

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Katalin Földes ◽  
Touraj Aligholipour Farzani ◽  
Koray Ergünay ◽  
Aykut Ozkul
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Bovine Kidney ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
The Impact

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes a lethal tick-borne zoonotic disease with severe clinical manifestation in humans but does not produce symptomatic disease in wild or domestic animals. The factors contributing to differential outcomes of infection between species are not yet understood. Since CCHFV is known to have tropism to kidney tissue and cattle play an important role as an amplifying host for CCHFV, in this study, we assessed in vitro cell susceptibility to CCHFV infection in immortalized and primary kidney and adrenal gland cell lines of human and bovine origin. Based on our indirect fluorescent focus assay (IFFA), we suggest a cell-to-cell CCHF viral spread process in bovine kidney cells but not in human cells. Over the course of seven days post-infection (dpi), infected bovine kidney cells are found in restricted islet-like areas. In contrast, three dpi infected human kidney or adrenal cells were noted in areas distant from one another yet progressed to up to 100% infection of the monolayer. Pronounced CCHFV replication, measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) of both intra- and extracellular viral RNA, was documented only in human kidney cells, supporting restrictive infection in cells of bovine origin. To further investigate the differences, lactate dehydrogenase activity and cytopathic effects were measured at different time points in all mentioned cells. In vitro assays indicated that CCHFV infection affects human and bovine kidney cells differently, where human cell lines seem to be markedly permissive. This is the initial reporting of CCHFV susceptibility and replication patterns in bovine cells and the first report to compare human and animal cell permissiveness in vitro. Further investigations will help to understand the impact of different cell types of various origins on the virus–host interaction.

scholarly journals Characterization of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein C attachment to heparan sulfate proteoglycans

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary A. Rue ◽  
Patrick Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bovine Kidney ◽  
Glycoprotein C ◽  
Virus Attachment

Pseudorabies virus first attaches to cells through an interaction between the envelope glycoprotein C (gC) and the cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) that is linked to proteoglycans (HSPGs). The HS-binding domain of gC is composed of three discrete heparin-binding domains (HBDs), designated HBD1, -2 and -3 for their proximity to the amino terminus of gC. Each HBD can independently mediate virus attachment to HS, yet each also exhibits a distinct binding preference for differentially sulfated derivatives of heparin. To demonstrate this, affinity columns composed of wild-type gC or mutant gC retaining a single HBD to capture several HSPGs from cultured pig and bovine kidney cells were used. The wild-type gC column bound all of the HSPGs well and, overall, bound more than 90% of the total sample applied to the column. Columns composed of either HBD2 or -3 bound intermediate amounts (40%) of the total sample applied, while the HBD1 column bound low amounts of HSPGs. HBD2 and -3 columns did not uniformly bind all of the HSPGs from bovine kidney cells, but the same HSPGs were bound with equal efficiency on each column. Thus, despite their different preferences for sulfation patterns on HS side-chains, HBD2 and -3 appear to bind the same proteoglycan cores. These results established a hierarchy of HBD2=HBD3>HBD1 in importance for HSPG binding. These in vitro-binding results correlated with the attachment phenotype of virus strains expressing gC with a single HBD in their envelopes.

Trypanosoma theileri as a contaminant of tissue origin in cultures of fetal bovine kidney cells in vitro

Virology ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly D. Lundholm ◽  
Johannes Storz ◽  
D.G. McKercher
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Bovine Kidney ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Tissue Origin ◽  
Trypanosoma Theileri

STUDIES ON OESTROGENS IN CATTLE

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (II) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiert Velle ◽  
Stian Erichsen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Bovine Kidney ◽  
Tissue Culture Technique

ABSTRACT A review is given of previous in vitro investigations on oestrogen metabolism. In the present investigation use has been made of the tissue culture technique, whereby possible blood or serum effects on oestrogen transformations could be excluded. The conversion products were characterized by chemical methods. In the presence of bovine kidney cells grown on a medium of known composition, the following conversions were recorded: Oestrone to oestradiol-17β, oestradiol-17β to oestrone, oestradiol-17α to oestrone. Control incubations of the hormones with medium only showed that the transformations must be due to the presence of the living cells. The rate of conversion to oestrone was markedly higher for oestradiol-17β than for oestradiol-17α. As previous in vivo experiments have shown oestradiol-17α to be an important end product in the bovine, following injections of both oestrone and oestradiol-17β, the free interconvertibility of oestrone and oestradiol-17β demonstrated in the present investigation becomes significant. The findings are discussed in relation to recent observations on hormoneenzyme interrelations.

The Mechanism of Platelet Aggregation Induced by HLA-Related Antibodies

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (05) ◽  
pp. 774-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T Brandt ◽  
Carmen J Julius ◽  
Jeanne M Osborne ◽  
Clark L Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Thromboembolic Disease ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Hla Antigen ◽  
Aggregation Response ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Dependent Pathway

SummaryImmune-mediated platelet activation is emerging as an important pathogenic mechanism of thrombosis. In vitro studies have suggested two distinct pathways for immune-mediated platelet activation; one involving clustering of platelet FcyRIIa, the other involving platelet-associated complement activation. HLA-related antibodies have been shown to cause platelet aggregation, but the mechanism has not been clarified. We evaluated the mechanism of platelet aggregation induced by HLA-related antibodies from nine patients. Antibody to platelet FcyRIIa failed to block platelet aggregation with 8/9 samples, indicating that engagement of platelet FcyRIIa is not necessary for the platelet aggregation induced by HLA-related antibodies. In contrast, platelet aggregation was blocked by antibodies to human C8 (5/7) or C9 (7/7). F(ab’)2 fragments of patient IgG failed to induce platelet activation although they bound to HLA antigen on platelets. Intact patient IgG failed to aggregate washed platelets unless aged serum was added. The activating IgG could be adsorbed by incubation with lymphocytes and eluted from the lymphocytes. These results indicate that complement activation is involved in the aggregation response to HLA-related antibodies. This is the first demonstration of complement-mediated platelet aggregation by clinical samples. Five of the patients developed thrombocytopenia in relationship to blood transfusion and two patients developed acute thromboembolic disease, suggesting that these antibodies and the complement-dependent pathway of platelet aggregation may be of clinical significance.

Influence of Platelet Membrane Sialic Acid and Platelet-Associated IgG on Ageing and Sequestration of Blood Platelets in Baboons

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (04) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
H F Kotzé ◽  
V van Wyk ◽  
P N Badenhorst ◽  
A du P Heyns ◽  
J P Roodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Senescent Cell ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Antigen Complex ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets

SummaryPlatelets were isolated from blood of baboons and treated with neuraminidase to remove platelet membrane sialic acid, a process which artificially ages the platelets. The platelets were then labelled with 111In and their mean life span, in vivo distribution and sites of Sequestration were measured. The effect of removal of sialic acid on the attachment of immunoglobulin to platelets were investigated and related to the Sequestration of the platelets by the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Removal of sialic acid by neuraminidase did not affect the aggregation of platelets by agonists in vitro, nor their sites of Sequestration. The removal of 0.51 (median, range 0.01 to 2.10) nmol sialic acid/108 platelets shortened their life span by 75 h (median, range 0 to 132) h (n = 19, p <0.001), and there was an exponential correlation between the shortening of the mean platelet life span and the amount of sialic acid removed. The increase in platelet-associated IgG was 0.112 (median, range 0.007 to 0.309) fg/platelet (n = 25, p <0.001) after 0.79 (median, range 0.00 to 6.70) nmol sialic acid/108 platelets was removed (p <0.001). There was an exponential correlation between the shortening of mean platelet life span after the removal of sialic acid and the increase in platelet-associated IgG. The results suggest that platelet membrane sialic acid influences ageing of circulating platelets, and that the loss of sialic acid may have exposed a senescent cell antigen that binds IgG on the platelet membrane. The antibody-antigen complex may then provide a signal to the macrophages that the platelet is old, and can be phagocytosed and destroyed.

The Development of Homologous (Canine/Anti-Canine) Antibodies in Dogs with Haemophilia A (Factor VIII Deficiency): A Ten-Year Longitudinal Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 021-024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Tinlin ◽  
Sandra Webster ◽  
Alan R Giles
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
The Family ◽  
Over Time

SummaryThe development of inhibitors to factor VIII in patients with haemophilia A remains as a serious complication of replacement therapy. An apparently analogous condition has been described in a canine model of haemophilia A (Giles et al., Blood 1984; 63:451). These animals and their relatives have now been followed for 10 years. The observation that the propensity for inhibitor development was not related to the ancestral factor VIII gene has been confirmed by the demonstration of vertical transmission through three generations of the segment of the family related to a normal (non-carrier) female that was introduced for breeding purposes. Haemophilic animals unrelated to this animal have not developed functionally significant factor VIII inhibitors despite intensive factor VIII replacement. Two animals have shown occasional laboratory evidence of factor VIII inhibition but this has not been translated into clinical significant inhibition in vivo as assessed by clinical response and F.VIII recovery and survival characteristics. Substantial heterogeneity of inhibitor expression both in vitro and in vivo has been observed between animals and in individual animals over time. Spontaneous loss of inhibitors has been observed without any therapies designed to induce tolerance, etc., being instituted. There is also phenotypic evidence of polyclonality of the immune response with variable expression over time in a given animal. These observations may have relevance to the human condition both in determining the pathogenetic factors involved in this condition and in highlighting the heterogeneity of its expression which suggests the need for caution in the interpretation of the outcome of interventions designed to modulate inhibitor activity.

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION OF PERGULARIA DAEMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GITA MISHRA ◽  
HEMESHWER KUMAR CHANDRA ◽  
NISHA SAHU ◽  
SATENDRA KUMAR NIRALA ◽  
MONIKA BHADAURIA
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Pergularia daemia belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory activity. Aim of the present study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root parts of P. daemia . Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated by standard methods. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of P. daemia showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloid, phytosterol, carbohydrate, phenol, saponin, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids proteins and reducing sugars. Quantitative analysis showed polyphenol, flavonoid, flavonone, flavone and flavonol in P. daemia leaves, stem and root in considerable quantity. The in vitro antioxidant activity of P. daemia clearly demonstrated that leaf, stem and root parts have prominent antioxidant properties and was effective in scavenging free radicals.

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