scholarly journals Pathology caused by persistent murine norovirus infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Shortland ◽  
James Chettle ◽  
Joy Archer ◽  
Kathryn Wood ◽  
Dalan Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Infectious Molecular Clone ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Murine Norovirus ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
No Weight Loss

Subclinical infection of murine norovirus (MNV) was detected in a mixed breeding group of WT and Stat1 −/− mice with no outward evidence of morbidity or mortality. Investigations revealed the presence of an attenuated MNV variant that did not cause cytopathic effects in RAW264.7 cells or death in Stat1 −/− mice. Histopathological analysis of tissues from WT, heterozygous and Stat1 −/− mice revealed a surprising spectrum of lesions. An infectious molecular clone was derived directly from faeces (MNV-O7) and the sequence analysis confirmed it was a member of norovirus genogroup V. Experimental infection with MNV-O7 induced a subclinical infection with no weight loss in Stat1 −/− or WT mice, and recapitulated the clinical and pathological picture of the naturally infected colony. Unexpectedly, by day 54 post-infection, 50 % of Stat1 −/− mice had cleared MNV-O7. In contrast, all WT mice remained infected persistently. Most significantly, this was associated with liver lesions in all the subclinically infected WT mice. These data confirmed that long-term persistence in WT mice is established with specific variants of MNV and that despite a subclinical presentation, active foci of acute inflammation persist within the liver. The data also showed that STAT1-dependent responses are not required to protect mice from lethal infection with all strains of MNV.

Immunological mechanisms of chronic liver lesions under the influence of chemicals

2020 ◽  
pp. 536-537
Author(s):  
G. S. Agzamova ◽  
M. M. Abdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
T System

The immunological profile of chronic liver lesions depending on the toxic agent was studied. It was revealed that chronic poisoning by industrial toxic substances causes changes in the functional state of the T-system of immunity, long-term contact with industrial chemicals leads to increased sensitization to autoantigens of the body.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LOCAL UV RADIATION ON THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE SKIN OF GUINEA PIGS IN EARLY AND REMOTE PERIODS AFTER IRRADIATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-707
Author(s):  
Tetyana V. Zvyagintseva ◽  
Svitlana I. Myronchenko ◽  
Nataliia I. Kytsiuk ◽  
Olga V. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Entire Observation Period ◽  
Morphological Picture ◽  
Morphometric Methods ◽  
Observation Period

The aim is to establish the features of morphological and morphometric changes in the skin of guinea pigs in erythemal, early post-erythemal and late post-erythemic periods after local ultraviolet irradiation. Materials and methods: Studies were conducted on 54 albino guinea pigs weighing 400-500 g. Ultraviolet erythema was caused by irradiation in 1 minimum erythemal dose. The control group included intact guinea pigs. After 2, 4 hours, on the 3rd, 8th, 15th, 21st, 28th day, the fragments of the irradiated skin were investigated using histochemical and morphometric methods. Results: After 2, 4 hours after irradiation, dyscirculatory changes in the skin develop. By the 3rd day of the experiment a morphological picture of acute inflammation in the epidermis and dermis develops, apoptotic keratinocytes appear (sunburn cells), which is accompanied by thickening of the epidermis and an increase in the density of fibroblasts. By the 8th day proliferative-hyperplastic and degenerative changes begin to prevail, including dystrophic nature, the thickness of the epidermis and the density of fibroblasts reach a maximum. In the long term, on the 15-28th day, dystrophic changes of the epidermis, dyskeratosis, changes in the number and structure of elastic fibers with an increase in uneven fibrosis, collagenization processes and the development of sclerotic changes, as well as a significant thickening of the epidermis, an increase in the density of fibroblasts are observed. Conclusions: The data obtained indicate pronounced morphofunctional changes in the skin in the zone of local ultraviolet irradiation observed throughout the entire observation period.

Presumptive pyometra leading to a diagnosis of uterine neoplasia in two queens

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e000965
Author(s):  
Josephine A Dornbusch ◽  
Laura Elizabeth Selmic ◽  
Sarah A Salyer ◽  
James Howard ◽  
Vincent A Wavreille
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Extent Of Disease

Uterine tumours are rarely reported in cats. This case report describes two older queens with typical presentations consistent with pyometra. However, histopathology of the uteri diagnosed each case with concurrent uterine neoplasia (endometrial adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated sarcoma). One cat survived long-term, while the other was suspected to have advanced metastatic disease and pulmonary metastasis on postoperative radiographs after developing respiratory distress. Diagnostic tests, including thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound, should be considered when evaluating middle-aged to older queens suspected of pyometra to screen for evidence of neoplasia and to assess the extent of disease. Histopathological analysis of excised uterine tissue should be recommended to assess for uterine neoplasia in all cats with presumptive pyometra.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION AMONG HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS SUGGESTIVE OF PAPILLOMA VIRUS ON HEMORRHOIDECTOMY SPECIMENS

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Souto da SILVA ◽  
Gerson Suguiyama NAKAJIMA ◽  
Ricardo Alexandre GUIMARÃES ◽  
Flávia da Costa MOURÃO
Keyword(s):  
Condyloma Acuminata ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Anal Area

Background: Many researchers studied human Papillomavirus infection in the anal area supposing it represents a risk factor for precursor lesions of anal cancer. Aim: To study the association between histological findings suggestive of injury by the virus in hemorrhoidectomy specimens. Method: Prevalence study was carried out based on histopathological analysis of hemorrhoidectomy specimens to find viral cytopathic effects. These findings were compared with anal condyloma acuminata that had no relationship with hemorrhoidectomy for microscopic comparison. Results: Of the 91 hemorroidectomies analyzed, eight had findings suggestive of viral cytopathic effects, with the presence of irregular acanthosis in 63%, koilocytes in 50% and other indirect viral cytopathic effects, such as hyperkeratosis (38%), parakeratosis (25% ) and papillomatosis (13%). Conclusion: This study was unable to conclude that there is an association between these two pathologic entities.

The patient with haematuria

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Neary ◽  
Neil Turner
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cystic Kidney ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Cystic Kidney Diseases

Haematuria is a common presenting feature of diseases of the kidney or the renal tract. It is also common in screening tests, single dipstick tests being positive in perhaps 5% of individuals. Age and whether the blood is visible (macroscopic) or non-visible (microscopic) impact largely on whether the explanation is likely to be broadly urological or nephrological. Origins are most commonly simple or urological. Macroscopic bleeding is rare in renal disease, and urine colour is then usually more rather smoky than red except when there is very acute inflammation. The chief urological causes are neoplasia, infection, stones, and trauma. Some traditionally medical conditions may cause simple bleeding; examples include cystic kidney diseases, papillary necrosis and macro- or microvascular ischaemic lesions. The major concern to nephrologists is that even non-visible haematuria may be a pointer to inflammatory or destructive glomerular processes. The presence of casts or dysmorphic red cells is a pointer to glomerular disease; more important in clinical practice are the three other key markers of renal disease: proteinuria, renal impairment in the absence of urinary tract obstruction, and hypertension. In the general population, microscopic haematuria does associate with a long-term increased risk of end-stage renal failure, so after negative investigations, occasional long-term checks are indicated. The case for population screening for haematuria appears weak.

scholarly journals FDG-PET Improves Management of Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases Allocated for Local Treatment: A Consecutive Prospective Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sørensen ◽  
F. V. Mortensen ◽  
M. Høyer ◽  
H. Vilstrup ◽  
S. Keiding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Colorectal Liver Metastases ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background and Aim: Colorectal cancer is a common cancer in the Nordic countries and 50% of the patients develop liver metastases. Liver resection may result in long term survival. Proper staging is therefore essential and CT is the standard imaging modality. We examined whether additional FDG-PET improves therapeutic management of patients with colorectal liver metastases. Patients and Methods: Fifty-four consecutive patients were enrolled. Each patient had a treatment plan made based on our standard evaluation. The patients then had a PET scan and the treatment plan was re-evaluated, taking these results into account. Results: In 76% of the cases, PET did not change the treatment plan due to complete concordance with CT. In another 19% of the cases, the plan was altered due to finding of more liver lesions by PET than by CT (four patients), fewer or no liver lesions (three patients), and extrahepatic lesions not visible on CT (three patients). In 5% of the cases, non-concordance between PET and CT did not change the therapeutic plan. Conclusion: Pre-treatment FDG-PET, used supplementary to CT, improved the treatment plan in one fifth of the patients with colorectal liver metastases.

A new type of recording chamber with an easy-to-exchange microdrive array for chronic recordings in macaque monkeys

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 3092-3105 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Orlando Galashan ◽  
Hanna C. Rempel ◽  
Anneke Meyer ◽  
Eva Gruber-Dujardin ◽  
Andreas K. Kreiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multielectrode Array ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Recording Site ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
New Type ◽  
Bidirectional Movement ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Awake Animal

In monkeys, long-term recordings with chronically implanted microelectrodes frequently suffer from a continuously decreasing probability to record single units or even small multiunit clusters. This problem is associated with two technical limitations of the available devices: first, restrictions for electrode movement, and second, absent possibility to exchange electrodes easily on a regular basis. Permitting to adjust the recording site and to use new recording tracks with proper electrodes may avoid these problems and make chronic more similar to acute recordings. Here, we describe a novel type of implant tackling this issue. It consists of a new type of recording chamber combined with an exchangeable multielectrode array that precisely fits into it. The multielectrode array is reversibly fixed to the chamber, and within a minute it can be exchanged against another array equipped with new electrodes at the awake animal. The array allows for bidirectional movement of six electrodes for a distance of up to 12 mm. The recording chamber enables hermetical isolation of the intracranial space, resulting in long-lasting aseptic conditions and reducing dural thickening to a minimum, as confirmed by microbiological and histopathological analysis. The device has a simple design and is both easy to produce and low in cost. Functionality has been tested in primary and secondary visual cortex of three macaque monkeys over a period of up to 15 mo. The results show that even after more than a year, single and multiunit responses can be obtained with high incidence.

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