scholarly journals A novel, multipartite, negative-strand RNA virus is associated with the ringspot disease of European mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1337-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Mielke ◽  
Hans-Peter Muehlbach
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Glycoprotein Precursor ◽  
Structure Comparison ◽  
Viral Rnas ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Family ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
Novel Virus

Four RNAs from a new plant-pathogenic virus, which we have tentatively named European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARAV), were identified and sequenced completely. All four viral RNAs could be detected in previous double-stranded RNA preparations. RNA 1 (7040 nt) encodes a protein with similarity to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of different members of the Bunyaviridae, a family containing five genera with viruses infecting invertebrates, vertebrates and plants. RNA 2 (2335 nt) encodes a 75 kDa protein containing a conserved motif of the glycoprotein precursor of the genus Phlebovirus. Immunological detection indicated the presence of proteins with the expected size of the precursor and one of its processing products. The amino acid sequence of protein p3 (35 kDa) encoded by RNA 3 shows similarities to a putative nucleocapsid protein of two still unclassified plant viruses. The fourth viral RNA encodes a 27 kDa protein that has no significant homology to any known protein. As is typical for members of the family Bunyaviridae, the 5′ and 3′ ends of all viral RNAs are complementary, which allows the RNA to form a panhandle structure. Comparison of these sequences demonstrates a conserved terminal part of 13 nt, similar to that of the bunyaviral genus Orthobunyavirus. Despite the high agreement of the EMARAV genome with several characteristics of the family Bunyaviridae, there are a few features that make it difficult to allocate the virus to this group. It is therefore more likely that this plant pathogen belongs to a novel virus genus.

scholarly journals A multipartite single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus is the putative agent of fig mosaic disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toufic Elbeaino ◽  
Michele Digiaro ◽  
Abdulkader Alabdullah ◽  
Angelo De Stradis ◽  
Angelantonio Minafra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Glycoprotein Precursor ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Family ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Fig Mosaic Virus ◽  
Negative Sense

Several dsRNA bands (approx. 0.6–7 kbp in size) were recovered from tissues of mosaic-diseased fig seedlings which contained the enveloped round structures known as double membrane bodies (DMBs). blast analysis of a 4353 and a 1120 nt sequence from the two largest RNA segments showed homology with the polymerase and the putative glycoprotein precursor genes of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses of the family Bunyaviridae. Negative- and positive-sense riboprobes designed from both RNA segments hybridized to two bands of approximately 7 and 2.3 kbp in Northern blots of dsRNAs. Thus, these segments were identified as putative RNA-1 and RNA-2 of a novel virus for which the name fig mosaic virus (FMV) is proposed. Identity levels of predicted amino acids of the protein encoded by FMV RNA-1 with those of species of the family Bunyaviridae and European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMERaV) were 28 and 54 %, respectively. RNA-2 showed 38 % identity at the amino acid level only with EMARaV. RNA-1 segment contained five conserved motifs (A–E) and an endonucleolytic centre of comparable genes of L RNA of bunyaviruses and EMARaV RNA-1. In a phylogenetic tree constructed with RdRp sequences, EMARaV grouped with FMV in a clade distinct from those of all bunyavirus genera. The consistent association of DMBs with mosaic symptoms and the results of molecular investigations strongly indicate that DMBs are particles of FMV, the aetiological agent of fig mosaic disease.

scholarly journals Partial Sequence and Survey Analysis Identify a Multipartite, Negative-Sense RNA Virus Associated with Fig Mosaic

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeewan Jyot Walia ◽  
Nida M. Salem ◽  
Bryce W. Falk
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Northern Hybridization ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Family ◽  
Specific Virus ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
Fig Trees

RNA and nucleotide sequence-based analyses were used to identify viruses in fig mosaic (FM)-affected fig (Ficus carica) trees. Nucleotide sequence analyses of 267 cloned cDNAs identified sequences corresponding to four viruses representing four distinct taxa from fig trees in California. Virus sequences corresponding to members of the family Closteroviridae were most common (55 sequences). We also found two sequences for an Umbravirus, one sequence corresponding to a Luteovirus-associated RNA, and two sequences that showed homology to European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARAV). Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and northern hybridization analyses were used to confirm the presence of specific virus RNAs in fig trees. A survey of 184 fig trees from a germplasm collection, a commercial orchard, backyards, and feral fig trees showed that one virus was most common (detected in 96% of tested samples), while none of the other virus sequences were detected in more than 36% of the fig trees. Based on its association with FM-affected trees, nucleotide sequence-based phylogenetic association, and previous reported properties, we suggest the name of this virus as Fig mosaic-associated virus (FMaV).

scholarly journals A novel plant virus with unique properties infecting Japanese holly fern

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 2542-2549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo A. Valverde ◽  
Sead Sabanadzovic
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Bipartite Genome ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Distinguishing Features

A novel RNA virus with a bipartite genome has been found associated with an emerging disease affecting Japanese holly fern (Cyrtomium falcatum). Diseased Japanese holly fern plants showed a variety of foliar symptoms and reduction in size. The virus was transmitted by grafting, as well as through spores from an infected plant. Partially purified preparations of the virus from infected ferns contained quasi-spherical particles that ranged from 30 to 40 nm in diameter. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analyses from diseased plants yielded two major molecules of approximately 6.2 and 3.0 kbp in size, together with three other dsRNAs ascertained to be the replicative forms of subgenomic RNAs. The organization of RNA1 of this novel virus resembles that of raspberry bushy dwarf virus (genus Idaeovirus), whereas the genomic RNA2 showed a distinct organization and evolutionary origin. Results of this study indicate that the virus detected in diseased ferns is an undescribed phytovirus, for which the name Japanese holly fern mottle virus (JHFMoV) is proposed. Furthermore, we postulate that JHFMoV has enough distinguishing features to represent the type species of a novel genus of plant viruses. Taking into account the original host of the virus, we propose the name Pteridovirus for this taxon.

scholarly journals First Report of European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus in Sorbus aucuparia in Norway

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. von Bargen ◽  
T. Büttner ◽  
H.-P. Mühlbach ◽  
J. Robel ◽  
C. Büttner
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forest ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Sorbus Aucuparia ◽  
Glycoprotein Precursor ◽  
First Report ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
European Mountain

In July 2012, leaf mottle and intensive chlorotic ringspots were observed on urban, forest, or roadside mountain ash trees (Sorbus aucuparia L., rowan) of different ages in Norway during visual inspection of native broadleaf forest tree species. Symptoms resembled those caused by European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARaV), the type-member of the newly established genus Emaravirus, containing segmented ss(-)RNA and infecting woody host species (2). Leaves of nine out of 30 assessed rowan trees exhibiting characteristic symptoms were sampled in the counties of Nordland and Nord-Trøndelag (between 63.511806° and 66.304680°N latitude). Three of them were infested by the potential vector the eriophyid gall mite Phytoptus pyri. EMARaV was detected from total RNA extracts of leaves by reverse transcription-PCR using virus-specific primers amplifying 300 bp of RNA2 and 204 bp of RNA3, respectively (3). PCR fragments were directly sequenced from both ends and submitted to the EMBL database (accession nos. HG428680 to 97). Sequenced fragments comprising the partial gene encoding the glycoprotein-precursor (261 nucleotides of RNA2 omitting primer sequences) obtained from the nine sampled trees showed identities of 97 to 98% to the sequence of the reference strain of EMARaV from Hamburg, Germany (database accession AY563041). Comparison of 159 nucleotides of the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of viral RNA3 of the nine investigated rowans in Norway exhibited higher sequence diversity on nucleotide level (up to 50 nucleotide exchanges, or 31%) as previously reported from EMARaV variants from other European countries (4). When subjected to BLASTn search through GenBank, only three partial RNA3 sequences generated in this study showed sequence identities of 96% to the reference isolate (accession DQ831831). The other six sequences revealed only 68 to 73% identity to RNA3 sequences of EMARaV variants from GenBank. This led to formation of a separate cluster in phylogenetic analysis of partial RNA3 sequences of the six EMARaV variants from Norway when compared to previously characterized strains from the Czech Republic (n = 2), Finland (n = 17), Germany (n = 1), Great Britain (n = 5), Russia (n = 3), and Sweden (n = 10). From three Norwegian samples clustering separately in the tree based on the partial 3′ UTR of RNA3, the partial vRNA1 was amplified by RT-PCR using a generic primer set Motif-A-sense/Motif-C-antisense (1). Sequence analyses of these PCR fragments confirmed the viruses as members of the Emaravirus genus which were most closely related to EMARaV (data not shown). This is the first report of EMARaV in Norway infecting Sorbus aucuparia, a valuable native plant of northern Europe. The data obtained suggest a higher genetic variability of the EMARaV population in mountain ash trees in Norway than in other locations in Central and Northern Europe. However, whether the EMARaV variants identified in this study represent new strains of the virus have to be investigated in the future. References: (1) T. Elbeaino et al. J. Virol. Meth. 188:37, 2013. (2) N. Mielke-Ehret. and H. P. Mühlbach. Viruses 4:1515, 2012. (3) N. Mielke et al. For. Pathol. 38:371, 2008. (4) S. von Bargen et al. For. Pathol. 43: 429, 2013.

scholarly journals Phomopsis longicolla RNA virus 1 – Novel virus at the edge of myco- and plant viruses

Virology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Hrabáková ◽  
Igor Koloniuk ◽  
Karel Petrzik
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Phomopsis Longicolla ◽  
Novel Virus

scholarly journals Capsid structure of Leishmania RNA virus 1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Procházková ◽  
Tibor Füzik ◽  
Danyil Grybchuk ◽  
Francesco Falginella ◽  
Lucie Podešvová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Viral Rnas ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Positively Charged

Leishmania parasites cause a variety of symptoms, including mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, which results in the destruction of the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and throat. The species of Leishmania carrying Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1), from the family Totiviridae, are more likely to cause severe disease and are less sensitive to treatment than those that do not contain the virus. Although the importance of LRV1 for the severity of leishmaniasis was discovered a long time ago, the structure of the virus remained unknown. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the virus-like particle of LRV1 determined to a resolution of 3.65 Å. The capsid has icosahedral symmetry and is formed by 120 copies of a capsid protein assembled in asymmetric dimers. RNA genomes of viruses from the family Totiviridae are synthetized, but not capped at the 5’ end, by virus RNA-polymerases. To protect viral RNAs from degradation, capsid proteins of totivirus L-A cleave the 5’ caps of host mRNAs, creating decoys to overload the cellular RNA quality control system. Capsid proteins of LRV1 form positively charged clefts, which may be the cleavage sites for the 5’ cap of Leishmania mRNAs. Capsid proteins of LRV1 contain a putative RNA binding site distinct from that of the related L-A virus. The structure of the LRV1 capsid enables the rational design of compounds targeting the putative de-capping site. Such inhibitors may be developed into a treatment for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by LRV1-positive species of Leishmania. IMPORTANCE Twelve million people worldwide suffer from leishmaniasis, resulting in more than thirty thousand deaths annually. The disease has several variants that differ in their symptoms. The mucocutaneous form, which leads to disintegration of the nasal septum, lips, and palate, is predominantly caused by Leishmania parasites carrying Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1). Here, we present the structure of the LRV1 capsid determined using cryo-electron microscopy. Capsid proteins of a related totivirus L-A protect viral RNAs from degradation by cleaving the 5’ caps of host mRNAs. Capsid proteins of LRV1 may have the same function. We show that the LRV1 capsid contains positively charged clefts that may be sites for the cleavage of mRNAs of Leishmania cells. The structure of the LRV1 capsid enables the rational design of compounds targeting the putative mRNA cleavage site. Such inhibitors may be used as treatments for muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Enterovirus D-68 Molecular Virology, Epidemiology, and Treatment: an update and way forward

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ahmed Ebada ◽  
Notila Fayed ◽  
Souad Alkanj ◽  
Ahmed Wadaa Allah
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Molecular Virology ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Enterovirus D68

: Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, and it is one of the family Picornaviridae. Except for EV-D68, the family Picornaviridae has been illustrated in literature. EV-D68 was first discovered and isolated in California, USA, in 1962. EV-D68 has resulted in respiratory disorders’ outbreaks among children worldwide, and it has been detected in cases of various neurological diseases such as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). A recent study documented a higher number of EV-D68 cases associated with AFM in Europe in 2016 compared to the 2014 outbreak. EV-D68 is mainly diagnosed by quantitative PCR, and there is an affirmative strategy for EV-D68 detection by using pan-EV PCR on the untranslated region and/or the VP1 or VP2, followed by sequencing of the PCR products. Serological tests are limited due to cross-reactivity of the antigens between the different serotypes. Many antiviral drugs for EV-D68 have been evaluated, and showed promising results. In our review, we discuss the current knowledge about EV-D68 and its role in the development of AFM.

Molecular characterization of a novel mycovirus isolated from Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA 9-11

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Sun ◽  
Yan qiong Li ◽  
Wen han Dong ◽  
Ai li Sun ◽  
Ning wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Dsrna Virus ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
The Family ◽  
Significant Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Overlapping Open Reading Frames ◽  
Significant Amino Acid ◽  
Reading Frames

Abstract The complete genome of the dsRNA virus isolated from Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA 9–11 (designated as Rhizoctonia solani dsRNA virus 11, RsRV11 ) were determined. The RsRV11 genome was 9,555 bp in length, contained three conserved domains, SMC, PRK and RT-like super family, and encoded two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 potentially coded for a 204.12 kDa predicted protein, which shared low but significant amino acid sequence identities with the putative protein encoded by Rhizoctonia solani RNA virus HN008 (RsRV-HN008) ORF1. ORF2 potentially coded for a 132.41 kDa protein which contained the conserved motifs of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that RsRV11 was clustered with RsRV-HN008 in a separate clade independent of other virus families. It implies that RsRV11, along with RsRV-HN008 possibly a new fungal virus taxa closed to the family Megabirnaviridae, and RsRV11 is a new member of mycoviruses.

THE RELEVANCE OF RT-PCR TEST TO THE INFECTION WITH SARS-COV-2 VIRUS.

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-4
Author(s):  
Sujan Narayan Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

It is now a fact that the disease COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARC-CoV-2. This virus is a member of the Coronavridae family and Coronavirinae subfamily. It is an RNA virus. The outer surface of the virus has characteristic projections which are club-shaped or spiked. This gives virion a typical look like the solar corona hence the name coronavirus. These viruses primarily cause respiratory tract infections which may range from mild disease to lethal one. The recent outbreak caused by this virus has posed a great threat to global public health and is now declared a pandemic. It is of vital importance to have a rapid and accurate identication of the pathogenic virus. This will help in selecting appropriate treatment, saving people’s lives, and preventing its spread. The RT-PCR is regarded as the gold standard test for the molecular diagnosis of this viral infection. It has got high sensitivity and specicity. This review summarises the characteristics of the virus and the laboratory method of its detection by RT-PCR.

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