scholarly journals Activation and Regulation of Cellular Eicosanoid Biosynthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1273-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Brock ◽  
Marc Peters-Golden
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

There is a growing appreciation for the wide variety of physiological responses that are regulated by lipid messengers. One particular group of lipid messengers, the eicosanoids, plays a central role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses in a receptor-mediated fashion. These mediators are related in that they are all derived from one polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid. However, the various eicosanoids are synthesized by a wide variety of cell types by distinct enzymatic pathways, and have diverse roles in immunity and inflammation. In this review, the major pathways involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids, as well as key points of regulation, are presented.

scholarly journals Some Biogenetic Considerations Regarding the Marine Natural Product (−)-Mucosin

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens M. J. Nolsøe ◽  
Marius Aursnes ◽  
Yngve H. Stenstrøm ◽  
Trond V. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Marine Natural Product ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Different Origin

Recently, the identity of the marine hydrindane natural product (−)-mucosin was revised to the trans-fused structure 6, thereby providing a biogenetic puzzle that remains to be solved. We are now disseminating some of our insights with regard to the possible machinery delivering the established architecture. Aspects with regard to various modes of cyclization in terms of concerted versus stepwise processes are held up against the enzymatic apparatus known to be working on arachidonic acid (8). To provide a contrast to the tentative polyunsaturated fatty acid biogenesis, the structural pattern featured in (−)-mucosin (6) is compared to some marine hydrinane natural products of professed polyketide descent. Our appraisal points to a different origin and strengthens the hypothesis of a polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as the progenitor of (−)-mucosin (6).

scholarly journals Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid profile is associated with vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Morioka ◽  
Masanori Emoto ◽  
Satoshi Imamura ◽  
Yoshinori Kakutani ◽  
Yuko Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation

Decreased plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels or the n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios are associated with a risk of cardiovascular events. In this cross-sectional study, we measured plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid and investigated the association between the plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid profile and vascular endothelial function in 396 patients with type 2 diabetes. Endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery was measured using ultrasonography. Multiple regression analyses, including age, sex, body mass index, and other cardiovascular risk factors, revealed that plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels ( β = 0.140, p = 0.008) and the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio ( β = 0.127, p = 0.019), but not plasma docosahexaenoic acid levels ( β = 0.067, p = 0.220) or the docosahexaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio ( β = 0.034, p = 0.559), were independently and positively associated with flow-mediated dilatation. In conclusion, plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels and the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio are independently associated with endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study indicates a positive association between eicosapentaenoic acid, rather than docosahexaenoic acid, and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.

Identification of a novel type of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase involved in arachidonic acid biosynthesis

FEBS Letters ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 588 (21) ◽  
pp. 4032-4036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuro Ujihara ◽  
Megumi Nagano ◽  
Hajime Wada ◽  
Satoshi Mitsuhashi
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis
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