scholarly journals Rejection property of geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) with high concentration level at multi stage nanofiltration (NF) membrane system

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-409
Author(s):  
Young-Beom Yu ◽  
Yang Hun Choi ◽  
Dong Jin Kim ◽  
Soon-Buhm Kwon ◽  
Chung-Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Level ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Multi Stage

CONCENTRATION AND REGIONALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
Vol XIII (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Magdalena Golonko ◽  
Marcin Wysokiński ◽  
Arkadiusz Gromada
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Period

The main purpose of the article was to assess the regionalization of agricultural production in the world and the changes occurring in this aspect. The article presents the concentration level of agricultural production in the world by continent. The source of materials was data from FAOSTAT. The research period covered the years 2004 - 2016. In the analyzed period, the value of gross agricultural production doubled. Various trends were observed within the period studied. In the years 2004-2010, in all regions of the world, there was an increase in gross production of agriculture, while in the period 2010-2016 only in two – North America and Asia. It was noted that there was a high concentration of agricultural production, mainly concentrated in Asia and Europe. In the analyzed period, there was a relative increase in the share of agricultural production in Asia and South America as compared to other regions. Individual groups of agricultural products, such as cereals and animal production, were also analyzed. In both cases, concentration was different. The pace of concentration in animal production was higher than in plant production.

scholarly journals PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF MARKETING OF FROZEN FISH IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-583
Author(s):  
M. B. Usman ◽  
O. S. Aaasa ◽  
O. S. Balogun ◽  
U. F. Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Integrated Marketing ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
The Cost

This study investigated the marketing of frozen fish in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna state. Ten (10) markets were purposively selected due to high concentration of frozen fish marketers and the volume of trading activities; Primary data were generated through the use of structured questionnaire administered to hundred (100) randomly selected retailers and fifteen (15) purposively selected wholesalers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, budgeting technique, net marketing and rate of return on capital invested. The result show that majority 80 percent and 53 of the retailers and wholesalers were female, Majority (70prcent) of the retailers had primary education but most of the wholesaler’s attained tertiary education. The frozen fish marketing channels identified in the area are made up of zero and multi stage channels. Furthermore, the cost and return analysis revealed that the wholesalers realized about N121, 000.00 naira while the retailers got N56, 000.00 naira per month while return to per capital invested (RPCI) was 11 kobo and 22 kobo per Naira invested for the wholesalers and the retailers respectively. This implies that the enterprise is profitable. Transportation difficulties and marketing charges ranked were major constraints confronting frozen fish marketers. It is recommended that provision of good roads network and formidable integrated marketing system will further improve the profitability of the enterprise in the study area.

scholarly journals Label-Free Detection of a Biomarker with Piezoelectric Micro Cantilever Based on Mass Micro Balancing

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeolho Lee ◽  
Sangkyu Lee ◽  
Hyejung Seo ◽  
Sangmin Jeon ◽  
Wonkyu Moon
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Level ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Label Free ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cantilever Sensor ◽  
Pzt Film ◽  
Sensor Structure ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Micro Cantilever

With a piezoelectric micro cantilever sensor, a biomarker for various cancers is detected up to the concentration level required to determine a disease by using the mass micro balancing whose principle is that change of mechanical vibrant frequency is measured due to a target material attached on a sensor structure. The used piezoelectric micro cantilever sensor is designed so as to have the sufficient values of mass sensitivity and reliability. The used piezoelectric film, which acts as both sensor and actuator, is a plumbum zirconate titanate (PZT). Geometrical dimension of the micro cantilever is 100 μm (length) by 30 μm (width) by 5 μm (thickness). The 50-μm-long PZT film with thickness of 2.5 μm is covered from its root to its middle. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the biomarker for testing the sensor as label-free detection for pathological tests, is known as a biomarker for various cancers. The critical value of CEA concentration is known as 30 pM (5 ng/mL), and it is detected by the binding of antigen and antibody from high concentration to the critical concentration. From the results, the sensor could be applied to label-free detection sensors for pathological tests.

Effect of ozone and aluminum on pitch pine (Pinusrigida) seedlings: needle ultrastructure

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1375-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn J. McQuattie ◽  
George A. Schier
Keyword(s):  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Starch Formation ◽  
Cell Collapse

Newly germinated pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.) seedlings inoculated with a mycorrhizal fungus (Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) were grown for 13 weeks in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 4.0) containing 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/L aluminum in growth chambers fumigated with 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppb ozone. Cytological changes in needles of seedlings stressed by ozone and aluminum, singly and in combination, were determined by light and electron microscopy. The most pronounced changes in needles exposed to ozone occurred in the outer mesophyll, whereas major changes in the presence of aluminum occurred in the stele and inner mesophyll. At lower levels of either ozone or aluminum, the cytoplasm became more densely stained. Accumulation of dense materials appeared at intermediate treatment concentrations, and at high concentration localized cell collapse and deterioration became evident. Ozone or aluminum caused similar changes in the chloroplasts, for example, increase in number of plastoglobuli, accumulation of starch, formation of electron-dense stroma, and swelling or disruption of thylakoid membrane system. Ozone and aluminum in combination generally caused histological and cytological damage in needles to occur at lower concentrations than either aluminum or ozone alone.

Effect of high concentration of organic and inorganic matters in landfill leachate on the treatment of heavy metals in very low concentration level

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Urase ◽  
M. Salequzzaman ◽  
S. Kobayashi ◽  
T. Matsuo ◽  
K. Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Low Concentration

Various heavy metals in the landfill leachates were measured up to very low concentration levels of micrograms per litre. Though no violation to Japanese effluent standards was found in respect of individual metal, leachate or treated leachate it still contains higher concentrations of total heavy metals than surrounding water environment. The effluent concentration after treatment was of the same order as raw leachate. Maximum metal solubilities in leachate were calculated taking the presence of inorganic metal complexes into account. Solubilities of metals were high enough and they were not the limiting factor determining concentrations after coagulation. The coagulation with higher pH was not successful in reducing concentration of leachate - origin - metals contrary to the case of pure chemical metals. The heavy metals especially nickel and copper in the leachate were associated with organic matter and consequently they remained in solution unless organic matter was removed. Application of nanofiltration to leachate treatment was studied. It was possible to separate metals from less toxic salts by low retention nanofiltration membranes.

The role of fulvic acids in phosphorus sorption and release from mineral particles

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Kastelan-Macan ◽  
Mira Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Water ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Competitive Sorption ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Phosphate Desorption

The competitive sorption of phosphates and marine fulvic acids on mineral particles (sand, calcite, bentonite and hematite) has been studied under simulated estuarine conditions. Afterwards, the release and desorption of bound phosphates by solutions containing dissolved fulvic acids was determined. It was found out that due to the favorable sorption of fulvic acids onto minerals studied binding of phosphate was significantly decreased. Desorption experiments showed that fulvic acids, present at high concentration level, similar to that in interstitial water of an oxygenated sediment, increase phosphate desorption by 10-20%.

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