scholarly journals Divergent MLS1 promoters lie on a fitness plateau for gene expression

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C Bergen ◽  
Gerilyn M Olsen ◽  
Justin C Fay
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Malate Synthase ◽  
Expression Divergence ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Single Promoter

Qualitative patterns of gene activation and repression are often conserved despite an abundance of quantitative variation in expression levels within and between species. A major challenge to interpreting patterns of expression divergence is knowing which changes in gene expression affect fitness. To characterize the fitness effects of gene expression divergence we placed orthologous promoters from eight yeast species upstream of malate synthase (MLS1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As expected, we found these promoters varied in their expression level under activated and repressed conditions as well as in their dynamic response following loss of glucose repression. Despite these differences, only a single promoter driving near basal levels of expression caused a detectable loss of fitness. We conclude that the MLS1 promoter lies on a fitness plateau whereby even large changes in gene expression can be tolerated without a substantial loss of fitness.

scholarly journals Structure and expression of the SNF1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Celenza ◽  
M Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Gene Disruption ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
Chromosomal Locus ◽  
Cloned Gene ◽  
External Glucose

The SNF1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for normal regulation of gene expression by glucose repression. A functional SNF1 gene product is required to derepress many glucose-repressible genes in response to conditions of low external glucose. In the case of the SUC2 structural gene for invertase, SNF1 acts at the RNA level. We have reported the isolation of a cloned gene that complements the snf1 defect in S. cerevisiae and that is homologous to DNA at the SNF1 locus (J. L. Celenza and M. Carlson, Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:49-53, 1984). In this work we identified a 2.4-kilobase polyadenylate-containing RNA encoded by the SNF1 gene and showed that its level is neither regulated by glucose repression nor dependent on a functional SNF1 product. The position of the SNF1 RNA relative to the cloned DNA was mapped, and the direction of transcription was determined. The cloned DNA was used to disrupt the SNF1 gene at its chromosomal locus. Gene disruption resulted in A Snf1- phenotype, thereby proving that the cloned gene is the SNF1 gene and showing that the phenotype of a true null mutation is indistinguishable from that of previously isolated snf1 mutations.

Structure and expression of the SNF1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
J L Celenza ◽  
M Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Gene Disruption ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
Chromosomal Locus ◽  
Cloned Gene ◽  
External Glucose

The SNF1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for normal regulation of gene expression by glucose repression. A functional SNF1 gene product is required to derepress many glucose-repressible genes in response to conditions of low external glucose. In the case of the SUC2 structural gene for invertase, SNF1 acts at the RNA level. We have reported the isolation of a cloned gene that complements the snf1 defect in S. cerevisiae and that is homologous to DNA at the SNF1 locus (J. L. Celenza and M. Carlson, Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:49-53, 1984). In this work we identified a 2.4-kilobase polyadenylate-containing RNA encoded by the SNF1 gene and showed that its level is neither regulated by glucose repression nor dependent on a functional SNF1 product. The position of the SNF1 RNA relative to the cloned DNA was mapped, and the direction of transcription was determined. The cloned DNA was used to disrupt the SNF1 gene at its chromosomal locus. Gene disruption resulted in A Snf1- phenotype, thereby proving that the cloned gene is the SNF1 gene and showing that the phenotype of a true null mutation is indistinguishable from that of previously isolated snf1 mutations.

scholarly journals TEC1, a gene involved in the activation of Ty1 and Ty1-mediated gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: cloning and molecular analysis.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 3541-3550 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Laloux ◽  
E Dubois ◽  
M Dewerchin ◽  
E Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Adjacent Gene ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Protein

Ty and Ty-mediated gene expression observed in haploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on several determinants, some of which are required for the expression of haploid-specific genes. We report here the cloning and molecular analysis of TEC1. TEC1 encodes a 486-amino-acid protein that is a trans-acting factor required for full Ty1 expression and Ty1-mediated gene activation. However, mutation or deletion of the TEC1 gene had little effect on total Ty2 transcript levels. Our analysis provides clear evidence that TEC1 is not involved in mating or sporulation processes. Unlike most of the proteins involved in Ty and adjacent gene expression, the product of TEC1 has no known cellular function. Although there was no mating-type effect on TEC1 expression, our results indicate that the TEC1 and the a/alpha diploid controls on Ty1 expression are probably not cumulative.

scholarly journals Stimulation of yeast meiotic gene expression by the glucose-repressible protein kinase Rim15p.

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 2688-2697 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vidan ◽  
A P Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Glucose Inhibition ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Residue Polypeptide ◽  
Regulatory Sites ◽  
Stimulation Of

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RIM15 gene was identified previously through a mutation that caused reduced ability to undergo meiosis. We report here an analysis of the cloned RIM15 gene, which specifies a 1,770-residue polypeptide with homology to serine/threonine protein kinases. Rim15p is most closely related to Schizosaccharomyces pombe cek1+. Analysis of epitope-tagged derivatives indicates that Rim15p has autophosphorylation activity. Deletion of RIM15 causes reduced expression of several early meiotic genes (IME2, SPO13, and HOP1) and of IME1, which specifies an activator of early meiotic genes. However, overexpression of IME1 does not permit full expression of early meiotic genes in a rim15delta mutant. Ime1p activates early meiotic genes through its interaction with Ume6p, and analysis of Rim15p-dependent regulatory sites at the IME2 promoter indicates that activation through Ume6p is defective. Two-hybrid interaction assays suggest that Ime1p-Ume6p interaction is diminished in a rim15 mutant. Glucose inhibits Ime1p-Ume6p interaction, and we find that Rim15p accumulation is repressed in glucose-grown cells. Thus, glucose repression of Rim15p may be responsible for glucose inhibition of Ime1p-Ume6p interaction.

scholarly journals Inositol and Phosphatidylinositol Mediated Glucose Derepression, Gene Expression and Invertase Secretion in Yeasts

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Ming Chi ◽  
Jun-Feng Li ◽  
Xiang-Hong Wang ◽  
Shu-Min Yao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms

Abstract Glucose repression occurs in many yeast species and some filamentous fungi, and it represses the expression and secretion of many intracellular and extracellular proteins. In recent years, it has been found that many biochemical reactions in yeast cells are mediated by phosphatidylinositol (PI)-type signaling pathway. However, little is known about the relationships between PI-type signaling and glucose repression, gene expression and invertase secretion in yeasts. Many evidences in our previous studies showed that glucose repression, invertase secretion, gene expression and cell growth were mediated by inositol and PI in Saccharomyces and Schizosaccharomyces. The elucidation of the new regulatory mechanisms of protein secretion, gene expression and glucose repression would be an entirely new aspect of inositol and PI-type signaling regulation in yeasts.

scholarly journals Fitness effects ofcis-regulatory variants in theSaccharomyces cerevisiae TDH3promoter

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Duveau ◽  
William Toubiana ◽  
Patricia J. Wittkopp
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Wild Type Allele ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Regulatory Variants ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Regulatory Mutations ◽  
Affect Cell Growth

AbstractVariation in gene expression is widespread within and between species, but fitness consequences of this variation are generally unknown. Here we use mutations in theSaccharomyces cerevisiae TDH3promoter to assess how changes inTDH3expression affect cell growth. From these data, we predict the fitness consequences ofde novomutations and natural polymorphisms in theTDH3promoter. Nearly all mutations and polymorphisms in theTDH3promoter were found to have no significant effect on fitness in the environment assayed, suggesting that the wild type allele of this promoter is robust to the effects of most newcis-regulatory mutations.

scholarly journals Multiple mechanisms provide rapid and stringent glucose repression of GAL gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 3834-3841 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Johnston ◽  
J S Flick ◽  
T Pexton
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Transcriptional Activator ◽  
Sequence Element ◽  
Glucose Addition ◽  
Gal1 Promoter ◽  
Gal Genes

Expression of the GAL genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is induced during growth on galactose by a well-characterized regulatory mechanism that relieves Gal80p inhibition of the Gal4p transcriptional activator. Growth on glucose overrides induction by galactose. Glucose repression acts at three levels to reduce GAL1 expression: (i) it reduces the level of functional inducer in the cell; (ii) it lowers cellular levels of Gal4p by repressing GAL4 transcription; and (iii) it inhibits Gal4p function through a repression element in the GAL1 promoter. We quantified the amount of repression provided by each mechanism by assaying strains with none, one, two, or all three of the repression mechanisms intact. In a strain lacking all three repression mechanisms, there was almost no glucose repression of GAL1 expression, suggesting that these are the major, possibly the only, mechanisms of glucose repression acting upon the GAL genes. The mechanism of repression that acts to reduce Gal4p levels in the cell is established slowly (hours after glucose addition), probably because Gal4p is stable. By contrast, the repression acting through the upstream repression sequence element in the GAL1 promoter is established rapidly (within minutes of glucose addition). Thus, these three mechanisms of repression collaborate to repress GAL1 expression rapidly and stringently. The Mig1p repressor is responsible for most (possibly all) of these repression mechanisms. We show that for GAL1 expression, mig1 mutations are epistatic to snf1 mutations, indicating that Mig1p acts after the Snf1p protein kinase in the glucose repression pathway, which suggests that Snf1p is an inhibitor of Mig1p.

GENES AFFECTING THE REGULATION OF SUC2 GENE EXPRESSION BY GLUCOSE REPRESSION IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-858
Author(s):  
Lenore Neigeborn ◽  
Marian Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Glycerol Utilization ◽  
Suc2 Gene ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with defects in sucrose or raffinose fermentation were isolated. In addition to mutations in the SUC2 structural gene for invertase, we recovered 18 recessive mutations that affected the regulation of invertase synthesis by glucose repression. These mutations included five new snf1 (sucrose nonfermenting) alleles and also defined five new complementation groups, designated snf2, snf3, snf4, snf5 and snf6. The snf2, snf4 and snf5 mutants produced little or no secreted invertase under derepressing conditions and were pleiotropically defective in galactose and glycerol utilization, which are both regulated by glucose repression. The snf6 mutant produced low levels of secreted invertase under derepressing conditions, and no pleiotropy was detected. The snf3 mutants derepressed secreted invertase to 10-35% the wild-type level but grew less well on sucrose than expected from their invertase activity; in addition, snf3 mutants synthesized some invertase under glucose-repressing conditions.—We examined the interactions between the different snf mutations and ssn6, a mutation causing constitutive (glucose-insensitive) high-level invertase synthesis that was previously isolated as a suppressor of snf1 . The ssn6 mutation completely suppressed the defects in derepression of invertase conferred by snf1, snf3, snf4 and snf6, and each double mutant showed the constitutivity for invertase typical of ssn6 single mutants. In contrast, snf2 ssn6 and snf5 ssn6 strains produced only moderate levels of invertase under derepressing conditions and very low levels under repressing conditions. These findings suggest roles for the SNF1 through SNF6 and SSN6 genes in the regulation of SUC2 gene expression by glucose repression.

scholarly journals Author response: Fitness effects of altering gene expression noise in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Duveau ◽  
Andrea Hodgins-Davis ◽  
Brian PH Metzger ◽  
Bing Yang ◽  
Stephen Tryban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Gene Expression Noise ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Expression Noise

scholarly journals Fitness effects of altering gene expression noise in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Duveau ◽  
Andrea Hodgins-Davis ◽  
Brian P.H. Metzger ◽  
Bing Yang ◽  
Stephen Tryban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Gene Expression Noise ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Expression Noise ◽  
Average Expression Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGene expression noise is an evolvable property of biological systems that describes differences in gene expression among genetically identical cells in the same environment. Prior work has shown that expression noise is heritable and can be shaped by natural selection, but the impact of variation in expression noise on organismal fitness has proven difficult to measure. Here, we quantify the fitness effects of altering expression noise for the TDH3 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that increases in expression noise can be deleterious or beneficial depending on the difference between the average expression level of a genotype and the expression level maximizing fitness. We also show that a simple model relating single-cell expression levels to population growth produces patterns that are consistent with our empirical data. We use this model to explore a broad range of average expression levels and expression noise, providing additional insight into the fitness effects of variation in expression noise.

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