scholarly journals SinaPlot: an enhanced chart for simple and truthful representation of single observations over multiple classes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Sidiropoulos ◽  
Sina Hadi Sohi ◽  
Nicolas Rapin ◽  
Frederik Otzen Bagger
Keyword(s):  
Density Distribution ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Strip Chart ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Data Points ◽  
New Type ◽  
Integrate Data

Recent developments in data driven science, in particular computational biology, have led scientists to integrate data from several sources, over diverse experimental procedures, or databases. This alone poses a major challenge in truthfully visualising data, especially when the amount of data points varies between classes. To aid the presentation of datasets with differing sample size we have developed a new type of plot overcoming limitations of current standard visualization charts. Plots like bar charts, violin plots, strip charts or box-and-whiskers plots may provide visual information about mean/median, variance of the data, number of data points or density distribution of data; still, only a combination of these plots may provide all relevant information. We have designed a new and simple plot inspired by the strip chart and the violin plot that operates by letting the normalized density of points restrict the jitter along the x-axis. Τhe plot displays the same contour as a violin plot, but resembles a simple strip chart for small number of data points. In this way the plot conveys information of both the number of data points, the density distribution, outliers and data spread in a very simple, comprehensible and condensed format. The package for producing the plots is available for R through the CRAN network (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sinaplot/index.html). In order to aid users without experience in R we also provide access to a web-server accepting excel sheets to produce the plots (http://servers.binf.ku.dk:8890/sinaplot/) .

Automatic analysis of Kikuchi diffraction patterns

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 900-901
Author(s):  
H. Weiland ◽  
D. P. Field
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Type ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Orientation Determination

Recent advances in the automatic indexing of backscatter Kikuchi diffraction patterns on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has resulted in the development of a new type of microscopy. The ability to obtain statistically relevant information on the spatial distribution of crystallite orientations is giving rise to new insight into polycrystalline microstructures and their relation to materials properties. A limitation of the technique in the SEM is that the spatial resolution of the measurement is restricted by the relatively large size of the electron beam in relation to various microstructural features. Typically the spatial resolution in the SEM is limited to about half a micron or greater. Heavily worked structures exhibit microstructural features much finer than this and require resolution on the order of nanometers for accurate characterization. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques offer sufficient resolution to investigate heavily worked crystalline materials.Crystal lattice orientation determination from Kikuchi diffraction patterns in the TEM (Figure 1) requires knowledge of the relative positions of at least three non-parallel Kikuchi line pairs in relation to the crystallite and the electron beam.

scholarly journals Inclusive digital finance: the industry of equity crowdfunding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Butticè ◽  
Silvio Vismara
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Entrepreneurial Finance ◽  
Industrial Dynamics ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ventures ◽  
Equity Crowdfunding ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractNowadays equity crowdfunding plays an important role in the entrepreneurial finance markets. To better understand the functioning of the industry, it is important to consider the entire equity crowdfunding process and all the actors involved. Equity crowdfunding platforms match indeed the demand of capital from entrepreneurial ventures with the supply of capital by investors. This manuscript is a first step in this direction, by (1) comparing equity crowdfunding with traditional sources of entrepreneurial finance; (2) discussing the potential and the perils of equity crowdfunding for inclusivity and democratization; (3) highlighting the role of visual information in digital finance; and (4) providing first insights on the industrial dynamics in equity crowdfunding. The paper gives researchers and practitioners orientation about recent developments in equity crowdfunding literature and provides relevant research directions.

scholarly journals Do Valenced Odors and Trait Body Odor Disgust Affect Evaluation of Emotion in Dynamic Faces?

Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1412-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmeri Syrjänen ◽  
Marco Tullio Liuzza ◽  
Håkan Fischer ◽  
Jonas K. Olofsson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Body Odor ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Facial Perception ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Dynamic Faces ◽  
Unpleasant Odor

Disgust is a core emotion evolved to detect and avoid the ingestion of poisonous food as well as the contact with pathogens and other harmful agents. Previous research has shown that multisensory presentation of olfactory and visual information may strengthen the processing of disgust-relevant information. However, it is not known whether these findings extend to dynamic facial stimuli that changes from neutral to emotionally expressive, or if individual differences in trait body odor disgust may influence the processing of disgust-related information. In this preregistered study, we tested whether a classification of dynamic facial expressions as happy or disgusted, and an emotional evaluation of these facial expressions, would be affected by individual differences in body odor disgust sensitivity, and by exposure to a sweat-like, negatively valenced odor (valeric acid), as compared with a soap-like, positively valenced odor (lilac essence) or a no-odor control. Using Bayesian hypothesis testing, we found evidence that odors do not affect recognition of emotion in dynamic faces even when body odor disgust sensitivity was used as moderator. However, an exploratory analysis suggested that an unpleasant odor context may cause faster RTs for faces, independent of their emotional expression. Our results further our understanding of the scope and limits of odor effects on facial perception affect and suggest further studies should focus on reproducibility, specifying experimental circumstances where odor effects on facial expressions may be present versus absent.

scholarly journals Acetaminophen Metabolism Revisited Using Non-Targeted Analyses: Implications for Human Biomonitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur David ◽  
Jade Chaker ◽  
Thibaut Léger ◽  
Raghad Al-Salhi ◽  
Marlene Danner Dalgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Excretion Rates

The analgesic paracetamol (N-acetyl-4-aminophenol, APAP) is commonly used to relieve pain, fever and malaise. While sales have increased worldwide, a growing body of experimental and epidemiological evidence has suggested APAP as a possible risk factor for various health disorders. To perform internal exposure-based risk assessment, the use of accurate and optimized biomonitoring methods is criticical. However, retrospectively assessing pharmaceutical use of APAP in humans is challenging because of its short half-life. The objective of this study was to address the key biomonitoring issues with APAP using current standard analytical methods based on urinary analyses of free APAP and its phase II conjugates. Using non-targeted analyses based on high-resolution mass spectrometry, we identified in a controlled longitudinal exposure study with male volunteers, unrecognized APAP metabolites with delayed formation and excretion rates. We postulate that these metabolites are formed via the thiomethyl shunt after the enterohepatic circulation as already observed in rodents. Importantly, the conjugated thiomethyl metabolites were (i) of comparable diagnostic sensitivity as the free APAP and its phase II conjugates detected by current methods; (ii) had delayed peak levels in blood and urine compared to other APAP metabolites and therefore potentially extend the window of exposure assessment; and (iii) provide relevant information regarding metabolic pathways of interest from a toxicological point of view. Including these metabolites in future APAP biomonitoring methods provide an option to decrease potential underestimation of APAP use and challenges the notion that the standard methods in biomonitoring based exclusively on the parent compound and its phase II metabolites are adequate for human biomonitoring of non-persistant chemical such as APAP. <br>

scholarly journals How does gaze to faces support face-to-face interaction? A review and perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy S Hessels
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamic Systems Theory ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Vision Science ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Social Gaze ◽  
Human Social Behaviour

Gaze – where one looks, how long, and when – plays an essential part in human social behaviour. While many aspects of social gaze have been reviewed, there is no comprehensive review or theoretical framework that describes how gaze to faces supports face-to-face interaction. In this review, I address the following questions: (1) When does gaze need to be allocated to a particular region of a face in order to provide the relevant information for successful interaction; (2) How do humans look at other people, and faces in particular, regardless of whether gaze needs to be directed at a particular region to acquire the relevant visual information; (3) How does gaze support the regulation of interaction? The work reviewed spans psychophysical research, observational research and eye-tracking research in both lab-based and interactive contexts. Based on the literature overview, I sketch a framework for future research based on dynamic systems theory. The framework holds that gaze should be investigated in relation to sub-states of the interaction, encompassing sub-states of the interactors, the content of the interaction as well as the interactive context. The relevant sub-states for understanding gaze in interaction vary over different timescales from microgenesis to ontogenesis and phylogenesis. The framework has important implications for vision science, psychopathology, developmental science and social robotics.

The main trends in the Russian tourism and hospitality market from the point of view of Russian travel agencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Gudkov ◽  
Elena Dedkova ◽  
Kristina Dudina
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss recent developments in the Russian tourism industry and the main reasons for new initiatives in local destination development.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on qualitative research methodology. A summary of key literature is presented alongside the analysis of the survey results.FindingsThis paper sheds light on the challenges and changes that took place in the Russian tourism business between 2014 and 2017. The subject is poorly covered in academic literature. The basic data for analysis presented in official statistics are scarce. Therefore a more effective way of obtaining relevant information was to conduct a survey using a semi-structured questionnaire, with tourism business actors as respondents.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides mostly conceptual analysis based on limited empirical data; directions for further empirical research are proposed in the conclusion.Originality/valueThe paper reveals something of the impact of economic and geopolitical factors, both negative and positive ones, on the restructuring of the Russian tourism market and the emergence of promising opportunities for the development of new domestic destinations. As a result, tourism market actors are able to become more diverse.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Viral Load Measurements in Human Herpesviruses

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl c) ◽  
pp. 33C-40C
Author(s):  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Human Herpesviruses

Recent developments in molecular biology have allowed precise quantitative analysis of herpesvirus DNA in many biological fluids. Th is paper reviews the clinical utility of performing quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing for herpesviruses. In particular, the assessment of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA load in blood with regard to the development of CMV disease in immunocompromised patients is discussed in greater detail. Relevant information exists to support measuring the CMV burden in the blood of AIDS and transplant patients for diagnostic and treatment monitoring purposes, and, to a lesser extent, to envision the monitoring of the circulating Epstein-Barr virus load for the prevention of pose-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. On the ocher hand, there are controversial data on the clinical utility of measuring the herpes simplex virus (HSV) load in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HSV encephalitis and on the relationship between the human herpesvirus 8 DNA load in diverse biological fluids and the presence of Kaposi's sarcoma. There is a paucity of information about the clinical impact of quantifying the other human herpesviruses (varicella-zoster virus, and human herpesviruses 6 and 7).

Microanalysis with Ultrasoft X-Radiations*

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 285-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton L. Henke
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Diffraction Reflection ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Electron Spectrometer ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
New Type ◽  
Low Energy Electron ◽  
A Current

AbstractThe diffraction, reflection, absorption, fluorescence, and the electronic emission that results from the interaction with ultrasoft X-rays (λ > 10 A) are presented as practical bases for microanalysis. Recent developments on sources and detectors for the ultrasoft X-radiations are described. A preliminary report on a current investigation on low-energy photo-Auger electron analysis and on a new type of low-energy electron spectrometer is also presented.

Tuning Perceptual Competition

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 1057-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Wascher ◽  
Christian Beste
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Luminance Change ◽  
Orientation Change ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Dynamic Interplay ◽  
Relative Salience

The ability to notice relevant visual information has been assumed to be determined both by the relative salience of relevant information compared with distracters within a given display and by voluntary allocation of attention toward intended goals. A dominance of either of these two mechanisms in stimulus processing has been claimed by different theories. A central question in this context is to what degree and how task irrelevant signals can influence processing of target information. In the present study, participants had to detect a luminance change in various conditions among others against an irrelevant orientation change. The saliency of the latter was systematically varied and was found to be predictive for the proportion of detected information when relevant and irrelevant information were spatially separated but not when they overlapped. Weighting and competition of incoming signals was reflected in the amplitude of the N1pc component of the event-related potential. Initial orientation of attention toward the irrelevant element had to be followed by a reallocation process, reflected in an N2pc. The control of conflicting information additionally evoked a fronto-central N2 that varied with the amount of competition induced. Thus the data support models that assume that attention is a dynamic interplay of bottom-up and top-down processes that may be mediated via a common dynamic neural network.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Interaction Review of an Ed-Tech Application

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baldominos ◽  
Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Recommender System ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Recommendation Algorithm ◽  
Data Points

Smile and Learn is an Ed-Tech company that runs a smart library with more that100 applications, games and interactive stories, aimed at children aged two to 10 and their families.The platform gathers thousands of data points from the interaction with the system to subsequentlyoffer reports and recommendations. Given the complexity of navigating all the content, the libraryimplements a recommender system. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two aspects of such systemfocused on children: the influence of the order of recommendations on user exploratory behavior, andthe impact of the choice of the recommendation algorithm on engagement. The assessment, based ondata collected between 15 October 2018 and 1 December 2018, required the analysis of the number ofclicks performed on the recommendations depending on their ordering, and an A/B/C testing wheretwo standard recommendation algorithmswere comparedwith a randomrecommendation that servedas baseline. The results suggest a direct connection between the order of the recommendation and theinterest raised, and the superiority of recommendations based on popularity against other alternatives.

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