scholarly journals De novo damaging coding mutations are strongly associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder and overlap with autism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cappi ◽  
Melody E. Oliphant ◽  
Zsanett Péter ◽  
Gwyneth Zai ◽  
Catherine A. W. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
De Novo ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Whole Exome

ABSTRACTObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating developmental neuropsychiatric disorder with a genetic risk component, yet identification of high-confidence risk genes has been challenging. We performed whole-exome sequencing in 222 OCD parent-child trios (184 trios after quality control), finding strong evidence that de novo likely gene disrupting and predicted damaging missense variants contribute to OCD risk. Together, these de novo damaging variants are enriched in OCD probands (RR 1.52, p=0.0005). We identified two high-confidence risk genes, each containing two de novo damaging variants in unrelated probands: CHD8 (Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 8) and SCUBE1 (Signal Peptide, CUB Domain And EGF Like Domain Containing 1). Based on our data, we estimate that 34% of de novo damaging variants seen in OCD contribute to risk, and that de novo damaging variants in approximately 335 genes contribute to risk in 22% of OCD cases. Furthermore, genes harboring de novo damaging variants in OCD are enriched for those reported in neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorders. An exploratory network analysis reveals significant functional connectivity and enrichment in canonical pathways related to immune response.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDecades of genetic studies in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have yet to provide reproducible, statistically significant findings. Following an approach that has led to tremendous success in gene discovery for several neuropsychiatric disorders, here we report findings from DNA whole-exome sequencing of patients with OCD and their parents. We find strong evidence for the contribution of spontaneous, or de novo, predicted-damaging genetic variants to OCD risk, identify two high-confidence risk genes, and detect significant overlap with genes previously identified in autism. These results change the status quo of OCD genetics by identifying novel OCD risk genes, clarifying the genetic landscape of OCD with respect to de novo variation, and suggesting underlying biological pathways that will improve our understanding of OCD biology.

scholarly journals Identification of Autism Risk Genes in a Chinese Cohort via Whole-Exome Sequencing with the Joint Calling Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Peipei Cheng ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Yasong Du ◽  
Zilong Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Whole Exome

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interactions and repetitive behaviors. Although hundreds of ASD risk genes, implicated in synaptic formation, transcriptional regulation, and chromatin remodeling, have been identified, the genetic analysis on east Asian ASD cohorts in the whole-geome or whole-exome level is still limited(1-5). Here we performed whole-exome sequencing on 168 ASD probands with their unaffected parents of Chinese origin. We applied a joint calling analytical pipeline based on GATK best practices and identified numerous de novo variants including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertion or deletions (INDELs). By querying the Simons foundation autism research initiative (SFARI) gene database, we found that there were potential novel ASD risk genes in East Asian cohorts, which did not exist in European American populations. Furthermore, our analysis pipeline identified de novo copy number variations (CNVs) of known ASD-related gene based on a sufficiently large sample size, validated by quantitative PCR. Our work indicated that there may be differences in potential ASD genetic components existing across different geographical populations, suggesting that genomic analysis over large cohorts are required for each population in order to precisely identify ASD risk genes.

scholarly journals Whole-exome sequencing with targeted analysis and epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L. Numis ◽  
Gilberto da Gente ◽  
Elliott H. Sherr ◽  
Hannah C. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
List Type ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Neonatal Seizures ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Targeted Analysis ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Epilepsy Gene

Abstract Background The contribution of pathogenic gene variants with development of epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures is not known. Methods Case–control study of 20 trios in children with a history of acute symptomatic neonatal seizures: 10 with and 10 without post-neonatal epilepsy. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and identified pathogenic de novo, transmitted, and non-transmitted variants from established and candidate epilepsy association genes and correlated prevalence of these variants with epilepsy outcomes. We performed a sensitivity analysis with genes associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). We analyzed variants throughout the exome to evaluate for differential enrichment of functional properties using exploratory KEGG searches. Results Querying 200 established and candidate epilepsy genes, pathogenic variants were identified in 5 children with post-neonatal epilepsy yet in only 1 child without subsequent epilepsy. There was no difference in the number of trios with non-transmitted pathogenic variants in epilepsy or CAD genes. An exploratory KEGG analysis demonstrated a relative enrichment in cell death pathways in children without subsequent epilepsy. Conclusions In this pilot study, children with epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures had a higher prevalence of coding variants with a targeted epilepsy gene sequencing analysis compared to those patients without subsequent epilepsy. Impact We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 20 trios, including 10 children with epilepsy and 10 without epilepsy, both after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures. Children with post-neonatal epilepsy had a higher burden of pathogenic variants in epilepsy-associated genes compared to those without post-neonatal epilepsy. Future studies evaluating this association may lead to a better understanding of the risk of epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures and elucidate molecular pathways that are dysregulated after brain injury and implicated in epileptogenesis.

scholarly journals Analysis workflow to assess de novo genetic variants from human whole-exome sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100383
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Diab ◽  
Spencer King ◽  
Weilai Dong ◽  
Garrett Allington ◽  
Amar Sheth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Analysis Workflow

scholarly journals Whole Exome Sequencing in Coloboma/Microphthalmia: Identification of Novel and Recurrent Variants in Seven Genes

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Patricia Haug ◽  
Samuel Koller ◽  
Jordi Maggi ◽  
Elena Lang ◽  
Silke Feil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Screening ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
High Throughput Dna Sequencing ◽  
New Mutations

Coloboma and microphthalmia (C/M) are related congenital eye malformations, which can cause significant visual impairment. Molecular diagnosis is challenging as the genes associated to date with C/M account for only a small percentage of cases. Overall, the genetic cause remains unknown in up to 80% of patients. High throughput DNA sequencing technologies, including whole-exome sequencing (WES), are therefore a useful and efficient tool for genetic screening and identification of new mutations and novel genes in C/M. In this study, we analyzed the DNA of 19 patients with C/M from 15 unrelated families using singleton WES and data analysis for 307 genes of interest. We identified seven novel and one recurrent potentially disease-causing variants in CRIM1, CHD7, FAT1, PTCH1, PUF60, BRPF1, and TGFB2 in 47% of our families, three of which occurred de novo. The detection rate in patients with ocular and extraocular manifestations (67%) was higher than in patients with an isolated ocular phenotype (46%). Our study highlights the significant genetic heterogeneity in C/M cohorts and emphasizes the diagnostic power of WES for the screening of patients and families with C/M.

Whole exome sequencing identifies FOXL2, FOXA2 and FOXA3 as candidate genes for monogenic congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bixia Zheng ◽  
Steve Seltzsam ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Luca Schierbaum ◽  
Sophia Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Horseshoe Kidney ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Fox Genes

Abstract Background Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) constitute the most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the first three decades of life. Variants in four Forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors have been associated with CAKUT. We hypothesized that other FOX genes, if highly expressed in developing kidney, may also represent monogenic causes of CAKUT. Methods We here performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 541 families with CAKUT and generated 4 lists of CAKUT candidate genes: A) 36 FOX genes showing high expression during renal development, B) 4 FOX genes known to cause CAKUT to validate list A; C) 80 genes that we identified as unique potential novel CAKUT candidate genes when performing WES in 541 CAKUT families, and D) 175 genes identified from WES as multiple potential novel CAKUT candidate genes. Results To prioritize potential novel CAKUT candidates in FOX gene family, we overlapped 36 FOX genes (list A) with list C and D of WES-derived CAKUT candidates. Intersection with list C, identified a de novo FOXL2 in-frame deletion in a patient with eyelid abnormalities and ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and a homozygous FOXA2 missense variant in a patient with horseshoe kidney. Intersection with list D, identified a heterozygous FOXA3 missense variant in a CAKUT family with multiple affected individuals. Conclusion We hereby identified FOXL2, FOXA2 and FOXA3 as novel monogenic candidate genes of CAKUT, supporting the utility of a paralog-based approach to discover mutated genes associated with human disease.

RARE AND DE NOVO VARIANTS IN OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S860-S861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Halvorsen ◽  
JF. Samuels ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Gerald Nestadt ◽  
David Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder
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