scholarly journals Response of oriental xerophytes to the occidental industrial revolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Manafzadeh ◽  
Yannick M. Staedler ◽  
Hamid Moazzeni ◽  
David Masson ◽  
Jürg Schönenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Stomata Density ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Herbarium Collections ◽  
Great Acceleration ◽  
Post Industrial

AbstractSince the Industrial Revolution, human activities have contributed substantially to climate change, by adding CO2to the atmosphere, especially since the mid-20thcentury (the “Great Acceleration”). Climatic change does not have the same impact on different regions of the Earth, neither in the recorded past, nor in models of the future. Therefore, to anticipate on these changes, we need to understand and be able to predict the possible responses of the different regional vegetations of the world to these changes, and most significantly to increased drought conditions. The aim of this study is to understand the response of the xerophytes of the immense oriental Irano-Turanian bioregion to post-industrial global warming and to compare it with the response of the xerophytes of the neighbouring occidental Mediterranean bioregion. We measured stomata index and stomata density from 83 herbarium sheets (coll. 1821-2014) from species of the non-succulent xerophyte,Haplophyllum. We tested for differences before and after the “Great Acceleration” in both bioregions. SI decreased in the occidental species (significant only for abaxial leaf side), whereas SI significantly increased in the oriental species (both sides). We suggest that changes in both occidental and oriental species are linked to atmospheric CO2due to the different constraints that act on their growth. In light-limited occidental species, atmospheric CO2caused the stomata index decrease, whereas in the predominantly water-limited oriental species, increased drought stress and temperature (climatic change) caused stomata index increase. In conclusion, we propose that whereas atmospheric CO2directly caused a decrease in stomata index in occidental xerophytes, it indirectly caused an increase in stomata index in oriental xerophytesviaclimate change (increase in aridity, drought stress, and temperature). This study highlights the considerable potential of research based on historical herbarium collections to answer ecological questions, especially regarding climatic change.

scholarly journals Climate change in the recent geological past and the near future. Predicting its impacts: a Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Constantinos Perisoratis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geological Past ◽  
Near Future

The climate changes are necessarily related to the increase of the Earth’s temperature, resulting in a sea level rise. Such continuous events, were taking place with minor and greater intensity, during the alternation of warm and cool periods in the Earth during the Late Quaternary and the Holocene periods. However, a particularly significant awareness has taken place in the scientific community, and consequently in the greater public, in the last decades: that a climatic change will take place soon, or it is on-going, and that therefore it is important to undertake drastic actions. However, such a climatic change has not been recorded yet, and hence the necessary actions are not required, for the time being.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN TURKEY

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Ayşe Esra Peker ◽  
Ayşe Er
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Study Setting

After Industrial Revolution, severe increases were experienced in fossil fuel consumption due to increased energy needs. The endless struggle of humankind for interest and his/her ignorance of environmental devastation led greenhouse gas to accumulate in the atmosphere, global warming to be experienced and, depending on this, climatic change to form. This process experienced has caused many international and national studies to be conducted in the area of climatic change related to the different disciplines, and the issue has taken place in the top orders among the leading subjects in academic platforms. This study discussed the effect of climatic change in Turkey on the agricultural sector. The sectors dealt with the study the agricultural sector, and the effects of climatic changes were aimed to be introduced with an econometric model. In agricultural sector, the effects of climatic changes from the perspective of the product productivity were analyzed by means of the agricultural sector, the effects of climatic changes from the perspective of product productivity were analyzed through Granger Causality Test. In the study, the period of 1970 -2017 was based on. The study deals with the issue on a sectorial basis; additionally, its effect is evaluated on the basis of product productivity from the original aspect of the study. Setting out from the results obtained in the study, climatic policies directed to the agricultural sector for Turkey were formed. The effects of the process on the sector were explicitly introduced. Developing climatic policies directed to this sector was targeted to contribute to the literature. Keywords: Climate change, agricultural products, granger causality test, variance decomposition.

Labor and Attitude To It: Before and After Modernity

2021 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Shipilov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Working Efficiency ◽  
General Reduction

The article examines  the problem of the changing nature of labor and attitudes towards it. The relevance of this topic continues to grow due to current trends in socio-economic development. The author draws attention to the fact that only in the industrial society, which was formed in Europe of the XIX century as result of the industrial revolution, labor was seen as the ability, need and duty of a person, as something that did and makes him a person. The positive value status of labor persists to some extent even today, but the industrial society has ceased to exist due to the overflow of labor force from industry to service. This overflow happened because of the increase in working efficiency. In the postindustrial society the process of a general reduction in labor in favor of leisure is unfolding as the value of the latter increases and the value of the former decreases. In this regard, it is useful to remember that in the agrarian society, as well as in the era of Antiquity and the Middle Ages labor was viewed as an anti-value and was the occupation of the lower classes and estates. The attitude towards labor in the post-industrial era approaches the attitude of the pre-industrial period, turning from positive to negative, while leisure becomes self-valuable and self-sufficient. Thus, one can agree with the opinion that the civilization of labor is being replaced today by the civilization of leisure.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Apple Production in India: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan Singh ◽  
D P Sharma ◽  
Hukam Chand
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Average Maximum

Significant variation in mean state of the climate or in its variability persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer) is referred as climate change. It may be due to natural internal processes or external forcing or persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere.1 Greenhouse gases like CO2, CH4, N2O, water vapours and ozone re-emit some of solar radiations in the form of short wave radiations to the earth surface and responsible for its warming.2 If they did not perform this useful function, most of the heat energy would escape, leaving the earth cold (about – 18oC) and unfit to support life.3 However, since the Industrial Revolution began about 150 years ago, man-made activities have added significant quantities of GHGs to the atmosphere. The atmospheric concentrations of CO2, CH4, N2O have grown by about 31%, 151% and 17%, respectively, between 1750 and 2000.1 Twenty years ago snowfall was regular phenomenon in high hills of Himachal Pradesh but in the last 20 years, only 2-3 instances of snowfall have been recorded.4 It has been recorded that the average maximum temperature rose by 0.58oC from the year of 1963 to 2007, whereas, the average minimum temperature rose by 2.75oC.5 Though, Kullu in northern Himachal Pradesh is well known for apple cultivation, but due to inadequate snowfall and improper chilling hours survivaling affected the cultivation of apple in the region.6 Chilling affects the flowering and subsequent fruit setting qualitatively as well as quantitatively.7have indicated that irregular bearing behavior of Starking Delicious is largely influenced by climatic conditions. The rain and hails during flowering adversely affects the fruit set, whereas, moderate temperature of 20oC with relatively low rains during flowering results in the good fruit set.8 The plants mortality rate due to drought was higher. The plants mortality rate due to drought was higher. About 80% of reduction in yield was estimated due to irrigation water shortage and 20% due to high evaporation rate in apples.4 reported decrease in chill unit hours in the apple growing areas of Himachal Pradesh. Most of the apple varieties require 1000-1600 hours (at or below 7.20C) of chill units depending upon the variety.9

Analisis Komparatif Return Saham Dan Volume Perdagangan Saham Sebelum dan Sesudah Harbolnas Pada Perusahaan Dagang Yang Terdaftar Di Bei

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devy Putri Milanda ◽  
Taufan Adi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Stock Return ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Volume Activity ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Before And After

The industrial revolution resulted in several industries changing their management in order to survive, one of the industries that was affected quite considerably was the trading industry. This study aims to analyze stock return and Trade Volume Activity (TVA) of trading companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) before and after Harbolnas (Hari Belanja Online Nasional) or National Online Shopping Days. The samples are all trading companies that have listed on the IDX in the year 2019. This study use multiple linear regression with a significance level of 5%. The results show there are no significant differences in the abnormal return before and after Harbolnas, and there are no significant differences in the TVA before and after the harbolnas

Religion in the Age of the Anthropocene

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianne F. Conty
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Human Exceptionalism ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Contemporary Christian ◽  
Genesis 1 ◽  
Forms Of Life

Though responses to the Anthropocene have largely come from the natural and social sciences, religious responses to the Anthropocene have also been gaining momentum and many scholars have been calling for a religious response to complement scientific responses to climate change. Yet because Genesis 1:28 does indeed tell human beings to ‘subdue the earth’ monotheistic religions have often been understood as complicit in the human exceptionalism that is thought to have created the conditions for the Anthropocene. In distinction to such Biblical traditions, indigenous animistic cultures have typically respected all forms of life as ‘persons’ and such traditions have thus become a source of inspiration for ecological movements. After discussing contemporary Christian efforts to integrate the natural sciences and the environment into their responses to the Anthropocene, this article will turn to animism and seek to evaluate the risks and benefits that could ensue from a postmodern form of animism that could provide a necessary postsecular response to the Anthropocene.

The Long Industrial Revolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Collini
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationship ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Before And After

This chapter starts from Raymond Williams’s claim to have shown how the concept of ‘culture’ developed out of the experience of the Industrial Revolution, demonstrating that his own evidence does not in fact support his claim. The chapter traces the development of Williams’s thinking from 1945 up the publication of Culture and Society, itemizing his indebtedness to the Leavisian framework and bringing out the ‘before-and-after’ character of his understanding of the role of the Industrial Revolution in replacing an organic society with an atomized, selfish form of social relationship. A close analysis of Culture and Society reveals the informing historical logic of a book that has been immensely influential yet has never really been received as a work of history.

scholarly journals Growing and Flowering in a Changing Climate: Effects of Higher Temperatures and Drought Stress on the Bee-Pollinated Species Impatiens glandulifera Royle

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Charlotte Descamps ◽  
Najet Boubnan ◽  
Anne-Laure Jacquemart ◽  
Muriel Quinet
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

Drought and higher temperatures caused by climate change are common stress conditions affecting plant growth and development. The reproductive phase is particularly sensitive to stress, but plants also need to allocate their limited resources to produce floral traits and resources to attract pollinators. We investigated the physiological and floral consequences of abiotic stress during the flowering period of Impatiens glandulifera, a bee-pollinated species. Plants were exposed to three temperatures (21, 24, 27 °C) and two watering regimes (well-watered, water stress) for 3 weeks. Not all parameters measured responded in the same manner to drought and/or heat stress. Drought stress induced leaf senescence, decreasing leaf number by 15–30% depending on growth temperature. Drought also reduced photosynthetic output, while temperature rise affected stomatal conductance. The number of flowers produced dropped 40–90% in response to drought stress, while higher temperatures shortened flower life span. Both stresses affected floral traits, but flower resources diminished in response to higher temperatures, with lower nectar volume and pollen protein content. We conclude that increased temperatures and drought stress, which are becoming more frequent with climate change, can negatively affect flowering, even if plants deploy physiological resistance strategies.

Dryland Degradation and Expansion: Implications for Mexican Policies from the Earth System Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lopez Porras
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
The Earth

Despite international efforts to stop dryland degradation and expansion, current dryland pathways are predicted to result in large-scale migration, growing poverty and famine, and increasing climate change, land degradation, conflicts and water scarcity. Earth system science has played a key role in analysing dryland problems, and has been even incorporated in global assessments such as the ones made by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. However, policies addressing dryland degradation, like the ‘Mexican programme for the promotion of sustainable land management’, do not embrace an Earth system perspective, so they do not consider the complexity and non-linearity that underlie dryland problems. By exploring how this Mexican programme could integrate the Earth system perspective, this paper discusses how ’Earth system’ policies could better address dryland degradation and expansion in the Anthropocene.

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