scholarly journals Alien limb in the corticobasal syndrome: phenomenological characteristics and relationship to apraxia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Lewis-Smith ◽  
Noham Wolpe ◽  
Boyd C.P. Ghosh ◽  
James B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Corticobasal Syndrome ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Alien Limb ◽  
Limb Apraxia ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTAlien limb refers to movements that seem purposeful but are independent of patients’ reported intentions. Alien limb often co-occurs with apraxia in the corticobasal syndrome, and anatomical and phenomenological comparisons have led to the suggestion that alien limb and apraxia may be causally related as failures of goal-directed movements. Here, we characterised the nature of alien limb symptoms in patients with the corticobasal syndrome (n=30) and their relationship to limb apraxia. Twenty-five patients with progressive supranuclear palsy Richardson syndrome served as a disease-control group. Structured examinations of praxis, motor function, cognition and alien limb were undertaken in patients attending a regional specialist clinic. Twenty-eight patients with corticobasal syndrome (93%) demonstrated significant apraxia and this was often asymmetrical, with the left hand preferentially affected in 77% of patients. Moreover, 83% reported one or more symptoms consistent with alien limb. The range of these phenomena was broad, including changes in the sense of ownership and control as well as unwanted movements. Regression analyses showed no significant association between the severity of limb apraxia and both the occurrence of an alien limb and the number of alien limb phenomena reported. Bayesian estimation showed a low probability for a positive association between alien limb and apraxia, suggesting that alien limb phenomena are not likely to be related to severe apraxia. Our results shed light on the phenomenology of these disabling and as yet untreatable clinical features, with relevance to theoretical models of voluntary action.

scholarly journals Alien limb in the corticobasal syndrome: phenomenological characteristics and relationship to apraxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 267 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Lewis-Smith ◽  
Noham Wolpe ◽  
Boyd C. P. Ghosh ◽  
James B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Corticobasal Syndrome ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Alien Limb ◽  
Limb Apraxia ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
And Control

AbstractAlien limb refers to movements that seem purposeful but are independent of patients’ reported intentions. Alien limb often co-occurs with apraxia in the corticobasal syndrome, and anatomical and phenomenological comparisons have led to the suggestion that alien limb and apraxia may be causally related as failures of goal-directed movements. Here, we characterised the nature of alien limb symptoms in patients with the corticobasal syndrome (n = 30) and their relationship to limb apraxia. Twenty-five patients with progressive supranuclear palsy Richardson syndrome served as a disease control group. Structured examinations of praxis, motor function, cognition and alien limb were undertaken in patients attending a regional specialist clinic. Twenty-eight patients with corticobasal syndrome (93%) demonstrated significant apraxia and this was often asymmetrical, with the left hand preferentially affected in 23/30 (77%) patients. Moreover, 25/30 (83%) patients reported one or more symptoms consistent with alien limb. The range of these phenomena was broad, including changes in the sense of ownership and control as well as unwanted movements. Regression analyses showed no significant association between the severity of limb apraxia and either the occurrence of an alien limb or the number of alien limb phenomena reported. Bayesian estimation showed a low probability for a positive association between alien limb and apraxia, suggesting that alien limb phenomena are not likely to be related to severity apraxia. Our results shed light on the phenomenology of these disabling and as yet untreatable clinical features, with relevance to theoretical models of voluntary action.

Do the “Spreadability” and Finger Length of Cellists and Guitarists Change Due to Practice?

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Renate Kloeppel
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Finger Length ◽  
Left Elbow ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

It is a widely held opinion among musicians that extreme joint positions increase the flexibility in the corresponding joints. There are also occasional views that extensive use of the fingers starting in childhood may lead to increased finger length. These opinions have implications for teaching methods; however, in spite of extensive examinations of the shapes of musicians’ hands, to date there have been almost no objective findings. There have been large-scale examinations of the angle of supination of the left elbow of violinists, with the finding that primarily genetic factors are responsible. In order to answer the question whether external factors can influence joint configurations of the hand as well as finger length, the active finger spreads and finger lengths of 210 subjects (cellists, guitarists, and control subjects) were measured. The working hypothesis was that there would be an increase in finger spread in the left hand fingers compared with the right if the frequent extreme positions taken on the fingerboard did in fact influence finger spread. The nonmusician control group, however, would not be expected to show this difference, or at least not to the same extent as in the musicians. Similar differences should apply to finger length, if this is influenced by long-term practicing on these instruments. A majority of the measurements of all three groups demonstrated a greater spreadability of the fingers of the left hand than of the right. In contrast to the comparison groups, there was a significantly greater span between the left hand index and small fingers of cellists. This span was not measured in the guitarists because it does not apply in their playing as it does for cellists. In addition, the measurements of the right-left differences in the finger lengths of the cellists when compared with the nonmusician group showed significantly longer fingers on the left than the right. This difference is probably caused by better-developed fingertips of the cellists. Further research is needed to discern whether the spreadability could be improved through specific training programs.

scholarly journals Overexpression of TPT1-AS1 and SAMMSON and down expression of LINC00961 associated with Advanced Grades of Gastric Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Amini ◽  
Jamshid Karimi ◽  
Iraj Khodadadi ◽  
Heidar Tavilani ◽  
Seyed Saman Talebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Size Grade ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cancer Tissues ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background One of the deadliest cancers in the world is gastric cancer. Long non-coding RNAs play prominent roles in cancer. LINC00961, TPT1-AS1, and SAMMSON have recently been discovered, which significantly contribute in various cancers and can affect the tumor size, grade of tumors and the metastasis condition. The aim of this study was to determine LINC00961, SAMMSON and TPT1-AS1 expression in gastric cancer tissues in comparison with healthy adjacent tissues. Methods The number of cancerous tissues and control groups was calculated to be at 40 (n = 40) and were analyzed by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results We found that overexpression of TPT1-AS1 and SAMMSON, and downexpression of LINC00961 in cancerous tissues in comparison with healthy adjacent tissues. A positive association between TPT1-AS1 and SAMMSON expression and tumor grade was observed. The level of mRNA folding change increased in cancer group compared to control group and *P < 0.05 is considered for mRNA folding change. Conclusion Finally, we found that overexpression of TPT1-AS1 and SAMMSON, and downexpression of LINC00961 were observed significantly in gastric cancer tissues in comparison with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. These lncRNAs were suggested as potential tumor markers for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Study of the Association between Serum Ferritin Levels and HbA1c in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Jordanian Population Sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Saad AL-Fawaeir ◽  
Haytham M. Daradka ◽  
Ali Ahmad Abu Siyam
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background/ aim: The most common endocrine disorder in the world is type 2 DM, affecting 85-90% of all people with diabetes. Several studies have found an association between serum ferritin levels and HbA1c, so the current study was undertaken to examine the association between serum ferritin levels and HbA1c in Jordanian patient’s sample with type 2 DM. Method:  120 patients with type 2 DM were enrolled into the current study, and control group consist of 20 healthy individuals, blood samples were collected after 14 h of fasting, 5 ml of fasting sample for FBS and ferritin, 4 ml whole blood taken in EDTA tube for Hb and HbA1c, sample centrifuged and biochemical tests were done in the same day. Results: The mean of serum ferittin was significantly higher in patients group (213.87±114.23 ng/ml) than control group (98.34±18.45 ng/ml, P < 0.05). There was a positive association between serum ferritin and HbA1c (P < 0.05). Also there was a significant correlation between serum ferritin and FBS P < 0.05. Among the two groups there was no significant difference regarding demographic features (sex, age and BMI). Conclusion: collected data showed that there is a significantly association between ferittin and type 2 DM, it was higher in comparison with healthy group, so it can give an indication of glycemic  control in diabetic patients.

Variations of Brain Activities of Acupuncture to TE5 of Left Hand in Normal Subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Feng Hsu ◽  
Chien-Yue Chen ◽  
Ming-Da Ke ◽  
Chien-Hsun Huang ◽  
Yuan-Ting Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Brain Waves ◽  
Acupuncture Stimulation ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
And Control ◽  
Neural Diseases

This paper presents the evident effects of acupoint stimulation, using EEG (electroencephalogram) measurements. With acupuncture stimulation and the EEG measurement on the same meridian, EEG is able to accurately detect the effects of acupunctural point stimulation on brain waves. In this study, 24 subjects without heart or neural diseases were randomly separated into two groups of 12, named test and control groups. Similar procedures are performed; the subjects lay on a bed with eyes closed for ten minutes as the baseline. The test group received acupuncture at their Waiguan points (TE5) on their left hands for 20 minutes, while the control group did not. EEGs are recorded during pre-acupuncture, acupuncture stimulation and post-acupuncture stimulation periods. The EEG electrodes are at the T3, T4, O1 and O2 locations. Continuous wavelet transformation analysis is adopted; therefore, EEGs are divided into the following bands: δ (0.5–4HZ), θ (4–8HZ), α (8–13HZ) and β (13–30HZ). During acupuncture stimulation, the θ energy is increased and had statistical differences at all electrode points, T3, T4, O1 and O2. Upon removing the needle, the energy at the T3 and T4 points slowly declined and revealed obvious statistical differences. During acupuncture, only α energy has been noted to have statistical difference and it was increased at the T3 point. However, the energy was decreased and had no statistical difference after five minutes. Acupuncture is proven to be able to affect brain waves, as the stimulation might have changed the tissues between the cranium and scalp; therefore, the brain waves are detected more easily.

scholarly journals Pulmonary changes on HRCT scans in nonsmoking females with COPD due to wood smoke exposure

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Auxiliadora Carmo Moreira ◽  
Maria Alves Barbosa ◽  
Maria Conceição de Castro Antonelli Monteiro de Queiroz ◽  
Kim Ir Sen Santos Teixeira ◽  
Pedro Paulo Teixeira e Silva Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Wood Smoke ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Bronchial Wall ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pulmonary Changes ◽  
And Control

OBJECTIVE: To identify and characterize alterations seen on HRCT scans in nonsmoking females with COPD due to wood smoke exposure. METHODS: We evaluated 42 nonsmoking females diagnosed with wood smoke-related COPD and 31 nonsmoking controls with no history of wood smoke exposure or pulmonary disease. The participants completed a questionnaire regarding demographic data, symptoms, and environmental exposure. All of the participants underwent spirometry and HRCT of the chest. The COPD and control groups were adjusted for age (23 patients each). RESULTS: Most of the patients in the study group were diagnosed with mild to moderate COPD (83.3%). The most common findings on HRCT scans in the COPD group were bronchial wall thickening, bronchiectasis, mosaic perfusion pattern, parenchymal bands, tree-in-bud pattern, and laminar atelectasis (p < 0.001 vs. the control group for all). The alterations were generally mild and not extensive. There was a positive association between bronchial wall thickening and hour-years of wood smoke exposure. Centrilobular emphysema was uncommon, and its occurrence did not differ between the groups (p = 0.232). CONCLUSIONS: Wood smoke exposure causes predominantly bronchial changes, which can be detected by HRCT, even in patients with mild COPD.

scholarly journals Increased internalising and externalising behavioural problems associated with corticosteroid usage in children with nephrotic syndrome: a South East Asian perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mohamad Nizam ◽  
A Othman ◽  
I Mohamad Ikram
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The study was performed to measure psychological problems in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) while on steroid therapy as compared to healthy children. Methods: It was a prospective cohort study conducted in a paediatric clinic of a tertiary hospital. Parents of participants, both in the INS group and the control group comprising children without chronic illness, were asked to complete questionnaires using the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL). CBCL measures a range of age-specific emotional and psychological problems including internalising and externalising domains. Analyses of the CBCL scores between groups were done using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 140 children were recruited with an equal number in the INS and control groups. There was a significant difference in the mean total CBCL scores between INS group children and control group children, specifically in the withdrawal, somatic, anxious, and aggressiveness sub-domains. Similar findings were demonstrated in a correlation between total psychological problems with the dosage of corticosteroid. Within the INS children, steroid dose and Cushingoid features were found to have a significant positive association with internalising psychological problems. Conclusion: Children with INS on corticosteroid treatment showed an increase in internalising and externalising scores compared to healthy children.

Examination of the Effects of Autogenic Training on the Reaction Time Performance of the National Badminton Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3181-3184
Author(s):  
Dondu Ugurlu ◽  
Ismail Ilbak ◽  
Mehmet Akarsu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Autogenic Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Although there is a consensus among researchers that autogenic training has positive effects on the psychological state of athletes, there have not been enough studies on its effects on physical performance yet. Therefore, the effects of autogenic training on physical performance is an important question that remains to be clarified. The fact that there is no research examining the effects of autogenic training on reaction time performance constitutes the original value of the study. Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the effects of autogenic training applied during 8 weeks on the visual and auditory reaction time performances of national badminton athletes. Methods: 15 male (experimental group=8 and control group=7) national badminton player between the ages of 18-23 residing in the province of Malatya participated in the study voluntarily. In addition to the training program, autogenic training was applied to the experimental group for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, after warming up. The control group continued their regular training. In order to determine the effects of the training, the pre-test and post-test was applied to the participants. SPSS 23 Package Program was used for the analysis of the data. The data were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test, one of the Non-Parametric tests. The significance level was taken as p<.05. Results: The mean age of the experimental group (N=8) was 19.88±1.81, the mean height was 173.75±4.10, and the mean body weight was 68.13±5.52. The mean age of the control group (N=7) was 19.72±1.80, the mean height was 175.72±7.87, and the mean body weight was 67.58±6.61.It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the right and left hand visual reaction times and the right and left hand auditory reaction times of the experimental and control groups (p>.05). Conclusion: As a result, autogenic training does not have a statistically significant effect on the visual and auditory reaction time of national badminton athletes. Keywords: Autogenic training, badminton, reaction time

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

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