Examination of the Effects of Autogenic Training on the Reaction Time Performance of the National Badminton Athletes

Background: Although there is a consensus among researchers that autogenic training has positive effects on the psychological state of athletes, there have not been enough studies on its effects on physical performance yet. Therefore, the effects of autogenic training on physical performance is an important question that remains to be clarified. The fact that there is no research examining the effects of autogenic training on reaction time performance constitutes the original value of the study. Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the effects of autogenic training applied during 8 weeks on the visual and auditory reaction time performances of national badminton athletes. Methods: 15 male (experimental group=8 and control group=7) national badminton player between the ages of 18-23 residing in the province of Malatya participated in the study voluntarily. In addition to the training program, autogenic training was applied to the experimental group for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, after warming up. The control group continued their regular training. In order to determine the effects of the training, the pre-test and post-test was applied to the participants. SPSS 23 Package Program was used for the analysis of the data. The data were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test, one of the Non-Parametric tests. The significance level was taken as p<.05. Results: The mean age of the experimental group (N=8) was 19.88±1.81, the mean height was 173.75±4.10, and the mean body weight was 68.13±5.52. The mean age of the control group (N=7) was 19.72±1.80, the mean height was 175.72±7.87, and the mean body weight was 67.58±6.61.It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the right and left hand visual reaction times and the right and left hand auditory reaction times of the experimental and control groups (p>.05). Conclusion: As a result, autogenic training does not have a statistically significant effect on the visual and auditory reaction time of national badminton athletes. Keywords: Autogenic training, badminton, reaction time

terapi autogenik PENGARUH AUTOGENIC TRAINING TERHADAP STRES PADA ORANG DENGAN HIV/AIDS

Stres merupakan faktor ekstrenal maupun internal yang membuat adaptasi menjadi sulit dan menyebabkan meningkatnya usaha seseorang untuk mempertahankan keseimbangan antara dirinya dan lingkungan. Stres pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS disebabkan karena kondisi fisik yang memburuk, ancaman kematian, serta adanya tekanan sosial yang begitu hebat. Survey awal menunjukkan prevalensi stres pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS tergolong tinggi, hal ini akan semakin memperburuk kondisinya. Penatalaksanaan pada stres tidak hanya dengan metode farmakologis saja, tetapi juga dapat dilakukan dengan pengobatan non-farmakologis. Salah satu teknik non farmakologis yang diduga bisa membantu dalam menurunkan stres pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS adalah Autogenic training. Autogenic training merupakan suatu metode manajemen stres dengan menggunakan pendekatan yang holistik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh autogenic training terhadap stres pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS di Kota Kediri tahun 2019. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah one group pre eksperimen designs dengan menggunakan rancangan pre-post test design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 21 orang dan jumlah sampelnya adalah 20 orang yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pada responden dilakukan autogenic training sebanyak tiga kali dan diukur tingkat stres sebanyak dua kali. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum dilakukan terapi sebagian besar responden mengalami stres sedang, sedangkan sesudah terapi sebagian besar responden mengalami stres normal. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada pengaruh pemberian Autogenic Training terhadap stres pada Orang dengan HIV/AIDS di Kota Kediri Tahun 2019 dengan p-value sebesar 0,00. Berdasarkan hasil ini diharapkan autogenic training dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi dalam program manajemen stres untuk Orang dengan HIV/AIDS.

Autogenic Training for Reducing Chronic Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background Autogenic training (AT) is frequently used as therapeutic approach in multimodal pain therapy. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the efficacy of AT in individuals suffering from chronic pain in comparison to passive and active control groups. Methods A comprehensive literature search in Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and PubPsych and manual searches (last search April 7, 2021) were conducted to locate randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Treatment guidelines and references of relevant articles and previous reviews were checked. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text database, DART-Europe E-theses Portal, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD), and the Theses Database of the German National Library were screened to identify any unpublished material. Results A total of 13 eligible studies (k = 15 comparisons) including 576 participants were identified. Random-effects meta-analyses revealed a significantly positive, moderate effect of AT on the primary outcome pain compared to passive control groups (g = 0.58, 95% CI [0.36; 0.79], k = 9, I2 = 0%). In comparison with other psychological interventions, no difference was found (g = − 0.05, 95% CI [− 0.30; 0.20], k = 6, I2 = 0%). Sensitivity analyses proved the robustness of findings. Overall risk-of-bias judgment was ‘some concerns’ in the majority of studies. Conclusions Beneficial effects of AT on pain reduction were demonstrated, but findings are prone to bias. Furthermore, high methodological quality RCTs are needed to strengthen the promising evidence of AT for individuals with chronic pain.

EFEK RELAKSASI AUTOGENIC TRAINING TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN MASA AWAL LAKTASI PADA IBU POSTPARTUM

Salah satu penyebab kegagalan menyusui pada ibu antara lain kurangnya kepercayaan diri pada ibu. Relaksasi autogenic training (RAT) merupakan metode untuk meningkatkan rasa percaya diri dan membangun pikiran positif ibu. Hal ini sesuai dengan teori keperawatan self-care dari Orem yang bertujuan membantu ibu mencapai kemandirian untuk mempertahankan hidup, kesehatan, perkembangan, dan kesejahteraan. Tujuan penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek RAT terhadap keberhasilan menyusui pada ibu postpartum. Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan quasi experiment dengan rancangan nonequivalent control group design. Sampel terdiri dari masing-masing 15 responden untuk kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. RAT diberikan melalui media audio voice selama 10-15 menit sebanyak 2-3 kali sehari selama 7 hari. Posttest dilakukan dengan cara observasi melalui kunjungan pada hari ketujuh. Instrumen Via Christi Breastfeeding Assessment Tool yang telah valid dan reliabel digunakan untuk menilai keberhasilan menyusui. Analisis data menggunakan t-test. Hasil: ibu yang melakukan RAT bisa menyusui lebih efektif dibanding kelompok kontrol (p=0,000). Diskusi: RAT memberikan ketenangan dan kemudahan kepada responden dalam membantu meningkatkan keberhasilan menyusui karena memiliki efek relaksasi. Kesimpulan: RAT efektif terhadap keberhasilan menyusui. Oleh karena itu RAT dapat digunakan oleh perawat sebagai sebuah asuhan keperawatan dalam program dukungan ibu menyusui di rumah sakit atau fasilitas kesehatan.Kata Kunci: autogenic training, menyusui, relaksasi Relaxation Effects of Autogenic Training on Lactation Success in Post Partum Mothers ABSTRACTOne of the causes of failure to breastfeed, among others, is a lack of confidence in mothers. Autogenic relaxation training (RAT) is a method to increase self-confidence and build positive thoughts for mothers. This is in accordance with Orem's self-care nursing theory, which aims to help mothers achieve independence to maintain life, health, development, and well-being. Objective: This research aims to reveal the effect of RAT on breastfeeding success in postpartum mothers. Methods: This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The samples consisted of an intervention group and a control group, with 15 respondents for each. RAT was given through audio voice media for 10-15 minutes 2-3 times a day for 7 days. The posttest was conducted using observation through visits on the seventh day. A valid and reliable instrument of the Via Christi Breastfeeding Assessment Tool was used to assess breastfeeding success. Data were analyzed using a t-test. Results: Mothers who did RAT could breastfeed more effectively than the control group (p=0.000). Discussion: RAT provides comfort and convenience to respondents in helping to increase breastfeeding success because it has a relaxing effect. Conclusion: RAT is effective for breastfeeding success. Therefore, nurses can use RAT as nursing care in breastfeeding mother support programs in hospitals or health facilities.Keywords: autogenic training, breastfeeding, relaxation

The Use of Virtual Therapy in Cardiac Rehabilitation of Female Patients with Heart Disease

Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become increasingly prevalent in women, and it is also in this group that the risk of developing depression is the highest. The most commonly applied therapeutic intervention in cardiac rehabilitation is Schultz’s autogenic training, which has proven to be of little efficacy in reducing depression and anxiety disorders. At the same time, a growing number of scientific reports have been looking at the use of virtual reality (VR) to treat mental health problems. This study aimed at assessing the efficacy of virtual therapy in reducing levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in female CVD patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 43 women who were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (N = 17), where eight-week cardiac rehabilitation was enhanced with VR-based therapeutic sessions, and control group (N = 26), where the VR therapy was replaced with Schultz’s autogenic training. Mental state parameters were measured using the Perception of Stress Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: In the experimental group, the sole parameter which failed to improve was HADS-Anxiety, which remained at the baseline level. In the control group, there was a deterioration in nearly all tested parameters except for HADS-Depression. Statistically significant differences in the efficacy of rehabilitation were recorded in relation to the level of stress in the sub-scales: emotional tension (p = 0.005), external stress (p = 0.012), intrapsychic stress (p = 0.023) and the generalized stress scale (p = 0.004). Conclusions: VR therapy is an efficient and interesting complement to cardiac rehabilitation, with proven efficacy in reducing stress levels.

Autogenic Training Improves the Subjective Perception of Physical and Psychological Health and of Interpersonal Relational Abilities: An Electronic Field Survey During the COVID-19 Crisis in Spain

Currently, humanity is facing one of the most critical situations of this century, the COVID-19. The adverse effects of the pandemic on the mental health of the population are well known. Fear of illness, confinement, lack of financial resources, or poor social support can influence people’s mental state. Despite these risks, several psychological resources may help address this situation. The present study investigated the effectiveness of a self-relaxation techniques known as autogenic training. Autogenic training is a well-known method in Europe for the treatment of anxiety and stress disorders. The practice of autogenic training is also reported to improve neurovegetative and immune regulation. This study focuses on describing how autogenic training is helping its practitioners to cope with the pandemic. Specifically, they report strong beneficial effects on their physical, psychological, and relational health. In total, 75 autogenic training practitioners (41 women), age 22–71, participated in the survey. An ad-hoc questionnaire was developed to collect information on sociodemographic variables, health status during the pandemic, characteristics of their AT practice, and response to the pandemic as outcome variables. The questionnaire was distributed through Google Forms in the first week of September 2020. The results show that there was an increase in the practice of autogenic therapy during the pandemic, especially among women. In addition, the majority of participants (88%) remained healthy during the pandemic. Furthermore, the results show that autogenic training is very useful for physical and psychological health and for a better understanding of others. Therefore, the practice of autogenic training is recommended to people who live moments of anxiety, are afraid of illness, or feel that they have to improve the quality of relationships with others.

Autogenic training and how to use it

In the article on the basis of analysis of literature and research results psychological preparation of sportsmen turns out to the competitions, influence of ideomotor act (appearances of nervous impulses, providing motion, as soon as there is an idea about him), visualization of presentations, modern state of the use of the autogenic training. Maintenance of term is determined "autogenic training", its basic kinds over are brought, substantive provisions that must provide educating to the autogenic training are given. The types of mental images, how and when it act, their use and effectiveness, bases of training of creation of the clear controlled mental images, are examined. The creation of mental images in combination with practical exercises has proven to be an effective method of mastering and training movement skills, technique, tactics and increases the effect of traditionally used strength training. Examples of the use of mental images by outstanding athletes are given. In the article marked the uses of methods of the autogenic training for adjusting of mental condition of sportsmen and removal of surplus psychical tension before competitions and during their realization (it can be used in different stress situations a man gets in that). This process is built on the use of the information got experience and transformation of her in expressive characters. The use of suggestion before competitions helps a sportsman to pay attention and "influence the actions". Autogenic training, international and foreign experience is analyzed, which will help to be used by student youth in various life situations.

PHILOSOPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE THEORY OF SELF-REGULATION

The article is devoted to the study of the interdisciplinary phenomenon of self-regulation. Within the framework of this topic, various approaches to understanding the process of self-regulation proposed by domestic and foreign researchers are considered. A review of the key concept of the leading Russian expert in the field of psychology of self-regulation of personality V. I. Morosanova and her questionnaire “style of self-regulation of behavior”, used to assess the degree of development of self-regulation processes and measures of formation of strategic structures of individual self-consciousness. Based on socio-philosophical analysis, it is shown that the level of self-regulation changes significantly in different periods of life: from low and rapidly growing in childhood, continuing high and stable in middle age, and ending with a slow decline after 30 years. The characteristic reasons for reducing or increasing the level of self-regulation in people of different ages were revealed. Described wide range of adjustment procedures samoregulyatsii low ability individuals, including methods that do not require special training - situational (switch, self-hypnosis), recitative (active neuromuscular relaxation and ideomotor training), system (introspection, self-analysis) and more complex, requiring a monitoring specialista method of biofeedback, meditation, autogenic training.

Efektivitas Autogenic Training Terhadap Kecemasan Lansia: Literatur Review

Purpose : Of this literature review writing is to determine the period of autogenic intervention. Method : that was used in gathering article was using several electronic databases including PubMed, Science Direct, DOAJ and Google Scholar, reference sources were taken manually, with limitations on articles published from 2009 - 2019, with relevant keywords.Results : The five articles used all fall into the Randomized Controlled Trial category. The results obtained from all articles that autogenic training can significantly reduce anxiety in the elderly where the p value <0.001.Conclusion : Autogenic training can be recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy to reduce anxiety in the elderly. In this study health workers have a very important role because they can do autogenic training but must have competence by attending training on autogenic training.