scholarly journals Cytological abnormalities and pollen abortion in interspecific hybrids of Nicotiana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jugou Liao ◽  
Zhiyun Chen ◽  
Zihui Pan ◽  
Yongzhi Niu ◽  
Wenlong Suo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Carbol Fuchsin ◽  
Sterile Pollen

AbstractInterspecific cross breeding introduces superior agronomic traits into cultivated species; however, problematic pollen sterility occurs in the hybrids. Our previous study obtained interspecific hybrids from the cross between a cytoplasmic male sterility line of Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana alata, and some of the hybrids were pollen sterile. Here, we conducted an in-depth cellular study to understand the cytological mechanism of pollen abortion in these hybrids (F1-D sterile) compared with pollen development in the fertile hybrids (F1-S sterile) from the same cross. The ultrastructure observation showed that the membrane of microspore in F1-D sterile hybrid was deficient at all represented developmental stages. Chromosome behavior during meiosis was studied by carbol fuchsin staining, which indicated that cytomixis, chromosome leakage and asymmetric callose wall deposition occurred with high frequency in the microsporocyte of F1-D sterile. The results of the ultrastructure and 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) analyses also showed that the cytoplasm and nucleus were unstable and extruded from F1-D sterile microspore during the developmental process, leading to mature pollen grains that were vacuous and collapsed in the aperture region. In addition, delayed tapetum degradation was also detected in the anther of F1-D sterile, and might be associated with irregular sporopollenin deposition in the aperture region of F1-D sterile pollen. Genetic unbalance and cytomembrane deficiency might both be responsible for the instability of the chromosome, nuclear and cytoplasm, and resulted in pollen abortion in F1-D sterile hybrids, and irregular tapetum degradation might also be related with pollen sterility.

INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS INVOLVING ALFALFA. VI. INEFFECTIVENESS OF ALLOPLOIDY IN INDUCTION FERTILITY IN MEDICAGO PIRONAE × M. DAGHESTANICA HYBRIDS

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lesins
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Plant Meiosis

Colchicine treatment of hybrids from the interspecific cross Medicago pironae Vis. × M. daghestanica Rupr. induced the formation of three tetraploid shoots, one with 2n = 29 and two with 2n = 32, in their somatic nuclei. Their flowers had 21, 44 and 62% plasma-filled pollen, respectively. No seed was obtained from these tetraploids after selfing and intercrossing more than 1,200 flowers, indicating the presence of a built-in fertility barrier between the two species.By applying pollen from the tetraploid hybrids to alfalfa (M. sativn L.) two trispecies hybrids with 2n = 34 and 30 chromosomcs were produced. The first had 32%, the second 22% plasma-filled pollen grains. On backcrossing to M. sativa, a higher seed set was obtained with pollen from the 2n = 34 plant than from the 2n = 30 plant. Meiosis in the 2n = 30 plant was abnormal. At MI multivalents were observed, indicating that chromosomal material may be interchanged between M. pironae-daghestanica and M. sativa. Approximately half the meiocytes at AI possessed lagging chromosomes and only 6% of secondary meiocytes at AII were without disturbances.

scholarly journals Pollen and Spikelet Analysis in F1 Rice Hybrids and their Parents

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bal K. Joshi ◽  
Laxmi P. Subedi ◽  
Santa B. Gurung ◽  
Ram C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Spikelet Sterility

Pollen analysis can be used to discriminate between different species, identify possible  interspecies hybrids, identify restorer and maintainer lines, useful to study genetics of  restorer gene, interaction between chromosome and cytoplasm and relationship between  parents. Pollen abortion system of male sterility is an important tool in hybrid rice  production and spikelet is the major yield components. Nine improved cultivars, six  landraces and three wild aborted cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile (CMS) lines were used to  analyze pollen and spikelet in F1 rice hybrids and their parents. The frequency of pollen  categories and its relationship to spikelet fertility were investigated. Pollen sterility of the  F1s was determined by staining pollen grains in 1% potassium iodide-iodine (I-KI) solution.  Spikelet fertility was determined by counting the total number of seed set in proportion to  the total number of spikelets. Correlation and regression coefficients for some traits were  computed. In hybrids, pollen fertility ranged from 0.5 to 82% and spikelet fertility from 0 to  87%. Pollen fertility varied from 28 to 97%, while spikelet fertility from 73 to 91% in pollen  parents. The highest and the lowest percentages of pollen fertility were found in Chaite-6  and Chiunde cultivars respectively. Spikelet fertility percentage varied widely among  hybrids and many hybrids had lower spikelet fertility percentage than their parents.  Therefore, it is of practical importance to understand the causes of high spikelet sterility in  hybrids for possible increase in spikelet fertility. Highly significant positive correlation was  found between stained round fertile (SRF) pollen and spikelet fertility. The positive value of  correlation and regression coefficient on SRF and spikelet fertility were found between F1  and mid parent, and F1 and male parent. High fertility of cross may be due to the presence of  a wide compatibility gene or restorer genes in the cultivar. Lower pollen and spikelet  fertility of the crosses was attributed to effect of the genetic background of the tester parent. Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 120-126 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11605  

Pollen Quality in Woody Plants in the City Parks of Dnipro, Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Olga Ivanchenko ◽  
Valentina Bessonova
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
City Parks ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
The City

This research was conducted to study pollen quality in woody plants in the city parks of Dnipro, which are located at various distances from the sources of anthropogenic pollution. It has been revealed that sterile pollen in its greatest abundance was present in plant species in the Park of Memory and Reconciliation and Molodyozhny park, as both are situated within the range of emission transfer from the Western Industrial Complex, while the least abundant sterile pollen was detected in the park named after Yu. Gagarin and that named after V. Dubinin. According to sterility indices, the pollen inBetula pendulaRoth. and that inAcer platanoidesL. were most sensitive to environmental pollution. In the city parks, the amounts of shrunk and abnormally shaped pollen grains increases; giant forms with grain diameters exceeding standard, as well as dwarf forms are not rare in occurrence. The highest percentage of pollen grains of atypical shape and size was observed in the same parks where the pollen sterility index had its highest values.

scholarly journals Quantitative methods in microscopy to assess pollen viability in different plant taxa

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Ascari ◽  
Cristina Novara ◽  
Virginia Dusio ◽  
Ludovica Oddi ◽  
Consolata Siniscalco
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sterile Pollen

AbstractHigh-quality pollen is a prerequisite for plant reproductive success. Pollen viability and sterility can be routinely assessed using common stains and manual microscope examination, but with low overall statistical power. Current automated methods are primarily directed towards the analysis of pollen sterility, and high throughput solutions for both pollen viability and sterility evaluation are needed that will be consistent with emerging biotechnological strategies for crop improvement. Our goal is to refine established labelling procedures for pollen, based on the combination of fluorescein (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI), and to develop automated solutions for accurately assessing pollen grain images and classifying them for quality. We used open-source software programs (CellProfiler, CellProfiler Analyst, Fiji and R) for analysis of images collected from 10 pollen taxa labelled using FDA/PI. After correcting for image background noise, pollen grain images were examined for quality employing thresholding and segmentation. Supervised and unsupervised classification of per-object features was employed for the identification of viable, dead and sterile pollen. The combination of FDA and PI dyes was able to differentiate between viable, dead and sterile pollen in all the analysed taxa. Automated image analysis and classification significantly increased the statistical power of the pollen viability assay, identifying more than 75,000 pollen grains with high accuracy (R2 = 0.99) when compared to classical manual counting. Overall, we provide a comprehensive set of methodologies as baseline for the automated assessment of pollen viability using fluorescence microscopy, which can be combined with manual and mechanized imaging systems in fundamental and applied research on plant biology. We also supply the complete set of pollen images (the FDA/PI pollen dataset) to the scientific community for future research.

scholarly journals Elimination of micronuclei from microspores in a Brazilian oat (Avena sativa L.) variety

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Roseli Baptista-Giacomelli ◽  
Maria Suely Pagliarini ◽  
Juliano Luiz de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
New Type ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Oat Breeding

Chromosome elimination in interspecific hybrids is a powerful tool in breeding programs. Of 12 Brazilian oat varieties recommended for cultivation in southern Brazil, one variety, UFRGS 15, presented a new type of chromosome elimination never described in any other species. Chromosomes that produced micronuclei during meiosis were eliminated from microspores as microcytes. The micronucleus reached the microspore wall and formed a kind of bud, separated from the microspore. The eliminated microcytes gave origin to small and sterile pollen grains. The possible applications of this finding for oat breeding are discussed.

Understanding male sterility in Miconia species (Melastomataceae): a morphological approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Andressa Cortez ◽  
Sandra Maria Carmello-Guerreiro ◽  
Simone Pádua Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Morphological Approach

Pollen abortion occurs in virtually all species and often does not prejudice reproductive success. However, large numbers of abnormal pollen grains are characteristic of some groups. Among them is Miconia, in which partial and complete male sterility is often related to apomixis. In this study, we compared the morphology of pollen grains over several developmental stages in Miconia species with different rates of male sterility. Our aim was to improve the knowledge of mechanisms that lead to male sterility in this ecologically important tropical group. Routine techniques for microscopy were used to examine anthers in several developmental stages collected from the apomictic species Miconia albicans and M. stenostachya. Both species are completely male sterile since even the pollen grains with apparently normal cytoplasm were not able to develop a pollen tube. Meiosis is a rare event in M. albicans anthers and happens in an irregular way in M. stenostachya, leading to the pollen abortion. M. albicans has more severe abnormalities than M. stenostachya since even the microspores and pollen grain walls were affected. Moreover, in M. stenostachya, most mitosis occurring during microgametogenesis was also abnormal, leading to the formation of bicellular pollen grains with two similar cells, in addition to the formation of pollen grains of different sizes. Notably, abnormalities in both species did not reach the production of Übisch bodies, suggesting little or no tapetum involvement in male sterility in these two species.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of CeO2 Nanoparticles Alters Generative Components Fitness and Seed Productivity in Bean Crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Hajar Salehi ◽  
Abdolkarim Chehregani Rad ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Jen-Tsung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Chromosome Separation

In the era of technology, nanotechnology has been introduced as a new window for agriculture. However, no attention has been paid to the effect of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) on the reproductive stage of plant development to evaluate their toxicity and safety. To address this important topic, bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) treated aerially with nCeO2 suspension at 250–2000 mg L−1 were cultivated until flowering and seed production in the greenhouse condition. Microscopy analysis was carried out on sectioned anthers and ovules at different developmental stages. The pollen’s mother cell development in nCeO2 treatments was normal at early stages, the same as control plants. However, the results indicated that pollen grains underwent serious structural damages, including chromosome separation abnormality at anaphase I, pollen wall defect, and pollen grain malformations in nCeO2-treated plants at the highest concentration, which resulted in pollen abortion and yield losses. On the ovule side, the progression of development only at the highest concentration was modified in the two-nucleated embryo sac stage, probably due to apoptosis in nuclei. Nevertheless, the findings confirmed the more pronounced vulnerability of male reproductive development under nCeO2 exposure than female development. The higher concentration decreased seed productivity, including seed set in either pods or whole plant (13% and 18% compared to control, respectively). The data suggested the potential application of nCeO2 at optimal dosages as a plant productivity ameliorative. However, a higher dosage is considered as an eco-environmental hazard. To our best knowledge, this is the first study analyzing reproductive plant response upon exposure to nCeO2.

scholarly journals Integration of high-density genetic mapping with transcriptome analysis uncovers numerous agronomic QTL and reveals candidate genes for the control of tillering in sorghum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajanikanth Govindarajulu ◽  
Ashley N Hostetler ◽  
Yuguo Xiao ◽  
Srinivasa R Chaluvadi ◽  
Margarita Mauro-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Sorghum Propinquum ◽  
Ril Population ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Low Coverage

Abstract Phenotypes such as branching, photoperiod sensitivity, and height were modified during plant domestication and crop improvement. Here, we perform quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of these and other agronomic traits in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from an interspecific cross between Sorghum propinquum and Sorghum bicolor inbred Tx7000. Using low-coverage Illumina sequencing and a bin-mapping approach, we generated ∼1920 bin markers spanning ∼875 cM. Phenotyping data were collected and analyzed from two field locations and one greenhouse experiment for six agronomic traits, thereby identifying a total of 30 QTL. Many of these QTL were penetrant across environments and co-mapped with major QTL identified in other studies. Other QTL uncovered new genomic regions associated with these traits, and some of these were environment-specific in their action. To further dissect the genetic underpinnings of tillering, we complemented QTL analysis with transcriptomics, identifying 6189 genes that were differentially expressed during tiller bud elongation. We identified genes such as Dormancy Associated Protein 1 (DRM1) in addition to various transcription factors that are differentially expressed in comparisons of dormant to elongating tiller buds and lie within tillering QTL, suggesting that these genes are key regulators of tiller elongation in sorghum. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of this RIL population in detecting domestication and improvement-associated genes in sorghum, thus providing a valuable resource for genetic investigation and improvement to the sorghum community.

scholarly journals Male meiosis and pollen morphology in diploid Indonesian wild bananas and cultivars

The Nucleus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajarudin Ahmad ◽  
Yuyu S. Poerba ◽  
Gert H. J. Kema ◽  
Hans de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Unreduced Gamete ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Mother Cells

AbstractBreeding of banana is hampered by its genetic complexity, structural chromosome rearrangements and different ploidy levels. Various scientific disciplines, including cytogenetics, linkage mapping, and bioinformatics, are helpful tools in characterising cultivars and wild relatives used in crossing programs. Chromosome analysis still plays a pivotal role in studying hybrid sterility and structural and numerical variants. In this study, we describe the optimisation of the chromosome spreading protocol of pollen mother cells focusing on the effects of standard fixation methods, duration of the pectolytic enzyme treatment and advantages of fluorescence microscopy of DAPI stained cell spreads. We demonstrate the benefits of this protocol on meiotic features of five wild diploid Musa acuminata bananas and a diploid (AA) cultivar banana “Rejang”, with particular attention on pairing configurations and chromosome transmission that may be indicative for translocations and inversions. Pollen slides demonstrate regular-shaped spores except “Rejang”, which shows fertile pollen grains of different size and sterile pollen grains, suggesting partial sterility and unreduced gamete formation that likely resulted from restitutional meiotic divisions.

scholarly journals Prunus necrotic ringspot virus Early Invasion and Its Effects on Apricot Pollen Grain Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 892-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Amari ◽  
Lorenzo Burgos ◽  
Vicente Pallas ◽  
María Amelia Sanchez-Pina
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus

The route of infection and the pattern of distribution of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) in apricot pollen were studied. PNRSV was detected both within and on the surface of infected pollen grains. The virus invaded pollen during its early developmental stages, being detected in pollen mother cells. It was distributed uniformly within the cytoplasm of uni- and bicellular pollen grains and infected the generative cell. In mature pollen grains, characterized by their triangular shape, the virus was located mainly at the apertures, suggesting that PNRSV distribution follows the same pattern as the cellular components required for pollen tube germination and cell wall tube synthesis. PNRSV also was localized inside pollen tubes, especially in the growth zone. In vitro experiments demonstrated that infection with PNRSV decreases the germination percentage of pollen grains by more than half and delays the growth of pollen tubes by ≈24 h. However, although PNRSV infection affected apricot pollen grain performance during germination, the presence of the virus did not completely prevent fertilization, because the infected apricot pollen tubes, once germinated, were able to reach the apricot embryo sacs, which, in the climatic conditions of southeastern Spain, mature later than in other climates. Thus, infected pollen still could play an important role in the vertical transmission of PNRSV in apricot.

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