Understanding male sterility in Miconia species (Melastomataceae): a morphological approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Andressa Cortez ◽  
Sandra Maria Carmello-Guerreiro ◽  
Simone Pádua Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Morphological Approach

Pollen abortion occurs in virtually all species and often does not prejudice reproductive success. However, large numbers of abnormal pollen grains are characteristic of some groups. Among them is Miconia, in which partial and complete male sterility is often related to apomixis. In this study, we compared the morphology of pollen grains over several developmental stages in Miconia species with different rates of male sterility. Our aim was to improve the knowledge of mechanisms that lead to male sterility in this ecologically important tropical group. Routine techniques for microscopy were used to examine anthers in several developmental stages collected from the apomictic species Miconia albicans and M. stenostachya. Both species are completely male sterile since even the pollen grains with apparently normal cytoplasm were not able to develop a pollen tube. Meiosis is a rare event in M. albicans anthers and happens in an irregular way in M. stenostachya, leading to the pollen abortion. M. albicans has more severe abnormalities than M. stenostachya since even the microspores and pollen grain walls were affected. Moreover, in M. stenostachya, most mitosis occurring during microgametogenesis was also abnormal, leading to the formation of bicellular pollen grains with two similar cells, in addition to the formation of pollen grains of different sizes. Notably, abnormalities in both species did not reach the production of Übisch bodies, suggesting little or no tapetum involvement in male sterility in these two species.

scholarly journals Deciphering the dynamic gene expression patterns of pollen abortion in a male sterile line of Avena sativa through transcriptome analysis at different developmental stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Mingchuan Ma ◽  
Lin Cui ◽  
Longlong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Abortion

Abstract Background Male sterility (MS) has important applications in hybrid seed production, and the abortion of anthers has been observed in many plant species. While most studies have focused on the genetic factors affecting male sterility, the dynamic gene expression patterns of pollen abortion in male sterile lines have not been fully elucidated. In addition, there is still no hybrid oat that is commercially planted due to the lack of a suitable system of male sterility for hybrid breeding. Results In this study, we cultivated a male sterile oat line and a near-isogenic line by crossbreeding to elucidate the expression patterns of genes that may be involved in sterility. The first reported CA male sterile (CAMS) oat line was used for cross-testing and hybridization experiments and was confirmed to exhibit a type of nuclear sterility controlled by recessive genes. Oat stamens of two lines were sampled at four different developmental stages separately. Paired-end RNA sequencing was performed for each sample and generated 252.84 Gb sequences. There were 295,462 unigenes annotated in public databases in all samples, and we compared the histological characteristics and transcriptomes of oat stamens from the two oat lines at different developmental stages. Our results demonstrate that the sterility of the male sterile oat line occurs in the early stage of stamen development and is primarily attributable to abnormal meiosis and the excessive accumulation of superoxide. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to decipher the dynamic expression profiles of pollen abortion CAMS and CA male fertile (CAMF) oat lines, which may represent a valuable resource for further studies attempting to understand pollen abortion and anther development in oats.

scholarly journals Prunus necrotic ringspot virus Early Invasion and Its Effects on Apricot Pollen Grain Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 892-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Amari ◽  
Lorenzo Burgos ◽  
Vicente Pallas ◽  
María Amelia Sanchez-Pina
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus

The route of infection and the pattern of distribution of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) in apricot pollen were studied. PNRSV was detected both within and on the surface of infected pollen grains. The virus invaded pollen during its early developmental stages, being detected in pollen mother cells. It was distributed uniformly within the cytoplasm of uni- and bicellular pollen grains and infected the generative cell. In mature pollen grains, characterized by their triangular shape, the virus was located mainly at the apertures, suggesting that PNRSV distribution follows the same pattern as the cellular components required for pollen tube germination and cell wall tube synthesis. PNRSV also was localized inside pollen tubes, especially in the growth zone. In vitro experiments demonstrated that infection with PNRSV decreases the germination percentage of pollen grains by more than half and delays the growth of pollen tubes by ≈24 h. However, although PNRSV infection affected apricot pollen grain performance during germination, the presence of the virus did not completely prevent fertilization, because the infected apricot pollen tubes, once germinated, were able to reach the apricot embryo sacs, which, in the climatic conditions of southeastern Spain, mature later than in other climates. Thus, infected pollen still could play an important role in the vertical transmission of PNRSV in apricot.

scholarly journals Pollen tube incompatibility reaction on the stigma in selfpollinated Sinapis alba L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Śnieżko ◽  
Krystyna Winiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Incompatibility Reaction

After selfpollination of <em>Sinapis alba</em> L. pollen tubes growth is inhibited on the stigma. The pollen grains germinate 3-4 hours after pollination. The pollen give rise to one or more pollen tubes. They grow along the papillae. In the place of contact between the papilla and pollen tube the pellicula is digested. Then the direction of pollen tube growth changes completely. Pollen tubes grow back on the exine of their own pollen grain, or turn into the air. The pollen tubes growth was inhibited in 6-8 hours after selfpollination. After crosspollination usually there is no incompatibility reaction.

scholarly journals Reproductive characterization of interspecific hybrids among Capsicum species

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro ◽  
Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽  
Karina Pereira de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Capsicum Species ◽  
The Cross

The objective of this study was the reproductive characterization of Capsicum accessions as well as of interspecific hybrids, based on pollen viability. Hybrids were obtained between Capsicum species. Pollen viability was high in most accessions, indicating that meiosis is normal, resulting in viable pollen grains. The pollen viability of species C. pubescens was the lowest (27 %). The interspecific hybrids had varying degrees of pollen viability, from fertile combinations (C. chinense x C. frutescens and C. annuum x C. baccatum) to male sterile combinations. Pollen viability also varied within the hybrid combination according to accessions used in the cross. Results indicate that male sterility is one of the incompatibility barriers among Capsicum species since hybrids can be established, but may be male sterile.

scholarly journals Cytological observation of anther structure and genetic investigation of a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line 373S in Brassica napus L

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Sun ◽  
Dongsuo Zhang ◽  
Zhenzhen Wang ◽  
Yuan Guo ◽  
Xiaomin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Cytological Observation ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Genetic Investigation ◽  
Temperature Changes

Abstract Background Photoperiod and/or thermo-sensitive male sterility is an effective pollination control system in crop two-line hybrid breeding. We previously discovered the spontaneous mutation of a partially male sterile plant and developed a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line 373S in Brassica napus L. The present study characterized this TGMS line through cytological observation, photoperiod/ temperature treatments, and genetic investigation. Results Microscopic observation revealed that the condensed cytoplasm and irregular exine of microspores and the abnormal degradation of tapetum are related to pollen abortion. Different temperature and photoperiod treatments in field and growth cabinet conditions indicated that the fertility alteration of 373S was mainly caused by temperature changes. The effects of photoperiod and interaction between temperature and photoperiod were insignificant. The critical temperature leading to fertility alteration ranged from 10 °C (15 °C/5 °C) to 12 °C (17 °C/7 °C), and the temperature-responding stage was coincident with anther development from pollen mother cell formation to meiosis stages. Genetic analysis indicated that the TGMS trait in 373S was controlled by one pair of genes, with male sterility as the recessive. Multiplex PCR analysis revealed that the cytoplasm of 373S is pol type. Conclusions Our study suggested that the 373S line in B. napus has a novel thermo-sensitive gene Bnmst1 in Pol CMS cytoplasm background, and its fertility alteration is mainly caused by temperature changes. Our results will broaden the TGMS resources and lay the foundation for two-line hybrid breeding in B. napus.

scholarly journals The Major Factors Causing the Microspore Abortion of Genic Male Sterile Mutant NWMS1 in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junchang Li ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Huijuan Li ◽  
Hao Niu ◽  
Qiaoqiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Microspore Stage ◽  
Regulation Model

Male sterility is a valuable trait for genetic research and production application of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). NWMS1, a novel typical genic male sterility mutant, was obtained from Shengnong 1, mutagenized with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). Microstructure and ultrastructure observations of the anthers and microspores indicated that the pollen abortion of NWMS1 started at the early uninucleate microspore stage. Pollen grain collapse, plasmolysis, and absent starch grains were the three typical characteristics of the abnormal microspores. The anther transcriptomes of NWMS1 and its wild type Shengnong 1 were compared at the early anther development stage, pollen mother cell meiotic stage, and binucleate microspore stage. Several biological pathways clearly involved in abnormal anther development were identified, including protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, starch and sucrose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. There were 20 key genes involved in the abnormal anther development, screened out by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), including SKP1B, BIP5, KCS11, ADH3, BGLU6, and TIFY10B. The results indicated that the defect in starch and sucrose metabolism was the most important factor causing male sterility in NWMS1. Based on the experimental data, a primary molecular regulation model of abnormal anther and pollen developments in mutant NWMS1 was established. These results laid a solid foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of wheat male sterility.

scholarly journals Pollen and Spikelet Analysis in F1 Rice Hybrids and their Parents

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bal K. Joshi ◽  
Laxmi P. Subedi ◽  
Santa B. Gurung ◽  
Ram C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Spikelet Sterility

Pollen analysis can be used to discriminate between different species, identify possible  interspecies hybrids, identify restorer and maintainer lines, useful to study genetics of  restorer gene, interaction between chromosome and cytoplasm and relationship between  parents. Pollen abortion system of male sterility is an important tool in hybrid rice  production and spikelet is the major yield components. Nine improved cultivars, six  landraces and three wild aborted cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile (CMS) lines were used to  analyze pollen and spikelet in F1 rice hybrids and their parents. The frequency of pollen  categories and its relationship to spikelet fertility were investigated. Pollen sterility of the  F1s was determined by staining pollen grains in 1% potassium iodide-iodine (I-KI) solution.  Spikelet fertility was determined by counting the total number of seed set in proportion to  the total number of spikelets. Correlation and regression coefficients for some traits were  computed. In hybrids, pollen fertility ranged from 0.5 to 82% and spikelet fertility from 0 to  87%. Pollen fertility varied from 28 to 97%, while spikelet fertility from 73 to 91% in pollen  parents. The highest and the lowest percentages of pollen fertility were found in Chaite-6  and Chiunde cultivars respectively. Spikelet fertility percentage varied widely among  hybrids and many hybrids had lower spikelet fertility percentage than their parents.  Therefore, it is of practical importance to understand the causes of high spikelet sterility in  hybrids for possible increase in spikelet fertility. Highly significant positive correlation was  found between stained round fertile (SRF) pollen and spikelet fertility. The positive value of  correlation and regression coefficient on SRF and spikelet fertility were found between F1  and mid parent, and F1 and male parent. High fertility of cross may be due to the presence of  a wide compatibility gene or restorer genes in the cultivar. Lower pollen and spikelet  fertility of the crosses was attributed to effect of the genetic background of the tester parent. Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 120-126 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11605  

scholarly journals Abnormal Microspore Development Leads to Pollen Abortion in a Seedless Mutant of ‘Ougan’ Mandarin (Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka)

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Hu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Qigen Wen ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Hualin Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Mature Pollen ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Microspore Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
In The Wild

Seedlessness is of commercial importance in citrus (Citrus L.). Seedless ‘Ougan’ mandarin (C. suavissima) was selected from a bud sport mutation that occurred in ‘Ougan’ mandarin. We analyzed their pollen viability through KI-I2 and FDA staining, and examined the anthers of wild-type (seedy) and seedless mutant ‘Ougan’ mandarin using histological and cytochemical methods to characterize the process of pollen development. No pollen fertility was detected in this mutant. Pollen abortion in anthers of the mutant occurred at the tetrad stage of microspore development, and almost all the tetrads were abnormal. The mutant had heterogeneous microspore populations, including monads, dyads, triads, tetrads, and polyads in the same microsporangium. Pollen grain number per anther of the mutant was 21.9% less than the wild type. Morphology of mature pollen grains using SEM showed that the shape of mature pollen grains from both wild type and mutant is similar, but the microsporangia of the latter contained pollen grains of more variable sizes. At the early mature pollen grain stage, abundant starch grains and lipids appeared in the wild type's pollen, but fewer amounts were observed in the mutant. Moreover, the tapetal cells of the wild type accumulated lipids, but not those of the mutant. Results indicated that the abnormal development of the microspore led to pollen abortion in the mutant, and this could be the reason for its seedlessness. However, the genetic reasons for the aberrant tetrads are not clear and are under investigation.

scholarly journals Potential Association of Reactive Oxygen Species With Male Sterility in Peach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaming Cai ◽  
Zhishen Ma ◽  
Collins Otieno Ogutu ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Liao Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Ros Burst ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Male sterility is an important agronomic trait for hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production, but its underlying mechanisms remain to be uncovered. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of male sterility in peach using a combined cytology, physiology, and molecular approach. Cytological features of male sterility include deformed microspores and tapetum cells along with absence of pollen grains. Microspores had smaller nucleus at the mononuclear stage and were compressed into belts and subsequently disappeared in the anther cavity, whereas tapetum cells were swollen and vacuolated, with a delayed degradation to flowering time. Male sterile anthers had an ROS burst and lower levels of major antioxidants, which may cause abnormal development of microspores and tapetum, leading to male sterility in peach. In addition, the male sterility appears to be cytoplasmic in peach, which could be due to sequence variation in the mitochondrial genome. Our results are helpful for further investigation of the genetic mechanisms underlying male sterility in peach.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics and transcriptome analysis at different anther development stages of the male sterile mutant MS7–2 in Wucai (Brassica campestris L.)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yitao Yang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Shaoxing Wang ◽  
Lingyun Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Sterile Mutant

Abstract Background The discovery of male sterile materials is of great significance for the development of plant fertility research. Wucai (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. rosularis Tsen) is a variety of non-heading Chinese cabbage. There are few studies on the male sterility of wucai, and the mechanism of male sterility is not clear. In this study, the male sterile mutant MS7–2 and the wild-type fertile plant MF7–2 were studied. Results Phenotypic characteristics and cytological analysis showed that MS7–2 abortion occurred at the tetrad period. The content of related sugars in the flower buds of MS7–2 was significantly lower than that of MF7–2, and a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was accumulated. Through transcriptome sequencing of MS7–2 and MF7–2 flower buds at three different developmental stages (a–c), 2865, 3847, and 4981 differentially expressed genes were identified in MS7–2 at the flower bud development stage, stage c, and stage e, respectively, compared with MF7–2. Many of these genes were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation, and most of them were down-regulated in MS7–2. The down-regulation of genes involved in carbohydrate and secondary metabolite synthesis as well as the accumulation of ROS in MS7–2 led to pollen abortion in MS7–2. Conclusions This study helps elucidate the mechanism of anther abortion in wucai, providing a basis for further research on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of male sterility and the screening and cloning of key genes in wucai.

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