scholarly journals Categorizing SHR and WKY rats by chi2 algorithm and decision tree

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Rui Tsai ◽  
Kun-Huang Chen ◽  
Tzay-Ming Hong ◽  
Fu-Nien Wang ◽  
Teng-Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shr And Wky Rats

ABSTRACTIn the past two decades neuroscience has offered many popular methods for the analysis of mental disorder, such as seed-based analysis, ICA, and graph methods. They are widely used in the study of brain network. We offer a new procedure that can simplify the analysis and has a high ROC index over 0.9. This method uses the graph theory to build a connectivity network, which is characterized by degrees and measures the number of effective links for each voxel. When the degree is ranked from low to high, the network equation can be fit by the power-law distribution. It has been proposed that distinct and yet robust exponents of the power law can differentiate human behavior. Using the mentally disordered SHR and WKY rats as samples, we employ chi2 algorithm and Decision Tree to classify different states of mental disorder by analyzing different traits in degree of connectivity.

scholarly journals Categorizing SHR and WKY rats by chi2 algorithm and decision tree

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Rui Tsai ◽  
Kun-Huang Chen ◽  
Tzay-Ming Hong ◽  
Fu-Nien Wang ◽  
Teng-Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Shr And Wky Rats

AbstractClassifying mental disorder is a big issue in psychology in recent years. This article focuses on offering a relation between decision tree and encoding of fMRI that can simplify the analysis of different mental disorders and has a high ROC over 0.9. Here we encode fMRI information to the power-law distribution with integer elements by the graph theory in which the network is characterized by degrees that measure the number of effective links exceeding the threshold of Pearson correlation among voxels. When the degrees are ranked from low to high, the network equation can be fit by the power-law distribution. Here we use the mentally disordered SHR and WKY rats as samples and employ decision tree from chi2 algorithm to classify different states of mental disorder. This method not only provides the decision tree and encoding, but also enables the construction of a transformation matrix that is capable of connecting different metal disorders. Although the latter attempt is still in its fancy, it may have a contribution to unraveling the mystery of psychological processes.

scholarly journals Moduli stabilisation and the statistics of SUSY breaking in the landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Broeckel ◽  
Michele Cicoli ◽  
Anshuman Maharana ◽  
Kajal Singh ◽  
Kuver Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Supersymmetry Breaking ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Susy Breaking ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
High Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Uniform Distributions ◽  
Logarithmic Distribution ◽  
Breaking Scale

Abstract The statistics of the supersymmetry breaking scale in the string landscape has been extensively studied in the past finding either a power-law behaviour induced by uniform distributions of F-terms or a logarithmic distribution motivated by dynamical supersymmetry breaking. These studies focused mainly on type IIB flux compactifications but did not systematically incorporate the Kähler moduli. In this paper we point out that the inclusion of the Kähler moduli is crucial to understand the distribution of the supersymmetry breaking scale in the landscape since in general one obtains unstable vacua when the F-terms of the dilaton and the complex structure moduli are larger than the F- terms of the Kähler moduli. After taking Kähler moduli stabilisation into account, we find that the distribution of the gravitino mass and the soft terms is power-law only in KKLT and perturbatively stabilised vacua which therefore favour high scale supersymmetry. On the other hand, LVS vacua feature a logarithmic distribution of soft terms and thus a preference for lower scales of supersymmetry breaking. Whether the landscape of type IIB flux vacua predicts a logarithmic or power-law distribution of the supersymmetry breaking scale thus depends on the relative preponderance of LVS and KKLT vacua.

scholarly journals Mental Health Guardianship—a Change for the Better?

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
Gareth W. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Psychiatric Practice ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mental Health Act ◽  
Compulsory Care ◽  
The Uk ◽  
As If

The 1959 Mental Health Act has provided the legal framework for psychiatric practice in the UK for the past two decades. The Mental Health (Amendment) Bill (DHSS, 1981) currently before Parliament proposes to update the Act by improving the safeguards for detained patients, clarifying the position of staff looking after them, and by the removal of uncertainties in the law. The Bill incorporates changes relating to the compulsory care of Mentally Disordered patients in the community whereby a person may be accepted into Guardianship on the grounds that he or she is suffering from a Mental Disorder. Once accepted into Guardianship, the person or body named as Guardian has the power to exercise control over the person as if he or they were the father of the patient, and the patient was under 14 years of age.

The interface between general and forensic psychiatry: a historical perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Gordon ◽  
Vivek Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Uk

SummaryMental disorder and criminality are separate entities but some people with a mental disorder commit criminal offences and some criminals have a mental disorder. Before 1800 there was no separate category of mentally disordered offenders (referred to as criminal lunatics until 1948) in UK legislation. The provision of facilities for mentally disordered offenders in Britain and Ireland overlapped with, but was also separate from, provision for the mentally ill generally. The interface between general and forensic psychiatry is an area of tension and of collaboration. To understand how contemporary general and forensic psychiatry interact, it is useful to have an understanding of how factors have evolved overtime.Learning Objectives•Have an understanding of the evolution of general and forensic psychiatry in the UK over the past 200 years.•Comprehend the similarities and differences between general and forensic psychiatry.•Be aware of some of the roots of conflict between general and forensic psychiatry.

scholarly journals The structure of co-publications multilayer network

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Romaric Meleu ◽  
Paulin Yonta Melatagia
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Degree Distribution ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Small World ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Small World Network ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Multilayer Networks ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Scientific Papers

AbstractUsing the headers of scientific papers, we have built multilayer networks of entities involved in research namely: authors, laboratories, and institutions. We have analyzed some properties of such networks built from data extracted from the HAL archives and found that the network at each layer is a small-world network with power law distribution. In order to simulate such co-publication network, we propose a multilayer network generation model based on the formation of cliques at each layer and the affiliation of each new node to the higher layers. The clique is built from new and existing nodes selected using preferential attachment. We also show that, the degree distribution of generated layers follows a power law. From the simulations of our model, we show that the generated multilayer networks reproduce the studied properties of co-publication networks.

scholarly journals Power-law behavior of transcription factor dynamics at the single-molecule level implies a continuum affinity model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Garcia ◽  
Gregory Fettweis ◽  
Diego M Presman ◽  
Ville Paakinaho ◽  
Christopher Jarzynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Single Molecule Level ◽  
Binding Behavior ◽  
Chromatin Template ◽  
Nuclear Domains

Abstract Single-molecule tracking (SMT) allows the study of transcription factor (TF) dynamics in the nucleus, giving important information regarding the diffusion and binding behavior of these proteins in the nuclear environment. Dwell time distributions obtained by SMT for most TFs appear to follow bi-exponential behavior. This has been ascribed to two discrete populations of TFs—one non-specifically bound to chromatin and another specifically bound to target sites, as implied by decades of biochemical studies. However, emerging studies suggest alternate models for dwell-time distributions, indicating the existence of more than two populations of TFs (multi-exponential distribution), or even the absence of discrete states altogether (power-law distribution). Here, we present an analytical pipeline to evaluate which model best explains SMT data. We find that a broad spectrum of TFs (including glucocorticoid receptor, oestrogen receptor, FOXA1, CTCF) follow a power-law distribution of dwell-times, blurring the temporal line between non-specific and specific binding, suggesting that productive binding may involve longer binding events than previously believed. From these observations, we propose a continuum of affinities model to explain TF dynamics, that is consistent with complex interactions of TFs with multiple nuclear domains as well as binding and searching on the chromatin template.

Mental disorder and homicide: a review of epidemiological research

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Woodward ◽  
Jean Nursten ◽  
Paul Williams ◽  
Doug Badger
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Key Questions

SummaryObjective – This paper reviews 28 studies on the epidemiology of homicide committed by mentally disordered people, taken from recent international academic literature. Methods – The studies included were identified as part of a wider systematic review of the epidemiology of offending combined with mental disorder. The main databases searched were Embase, Medline, HealthStar, Psyclit, Mental Health Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and Criminology Penology and Police Science Abstracts. A comprehensive search was made for studies published since 1990, supplemented with key studies from the 1980s identified through citation tracing and personal contacts. Results – A summary is given in tabular form of the content and quality of each study. There is then discussion of the studies in eight categories: descriptive studies, studies of trends, comparative studies amongst homicide offenders, amongst prisoners and including general populations, studies of homicide of relatives, follow-up studies, and studies of recidivism. Conclusions – There is an association of homicide with mental disorder, most particularly with certain manifestations of schizophrenia, antisocial personality disorder and drug or alcohol abuse. However, the quality of epidemiological research in this area is not adequate to answer key questions, and prediction of potential for homicide remains elusive. Further research is needed.

scholarly journals Receiving threatening or obscene messages from a partner and mental health, self-harm and suicidality: results from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally McManus ◽  
Paul E. Bebbington ◽  
Leonie Tanczer ◽  
Sara Scott ◽  
Louise M. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
A Current

Abstract Purpose Threatening or obscene messaging is repeated, unwanted texts, emails, letters or cards experienced by the recipient as threatening or obscene, and causing fear, alarm or distress. It is rarely examined as an aspect of intimate partner violence. We describe the prevalence of exposure to threatening/obscene messaging from a current or ex-partner; characteristics of victims; and associations with other forms of violence and abuse, mental disorder, self-harm, and suicidality. Methods Cross-sectional probability-sample survey of the general population in England aged 16 + . Multivariable regression modelling tested associations between receipt of threatening/obscene messaging and current common mental disorder, past-year self-harm and suicidality. Results Threatening/obscene messages were received from a current/ex-partner by 6.6% (95%CI: 5.9–7.3) of adults who had been in a relationship; 1.7% received these in the past year. Victims were more likely to be female, under 35, single or divorced, socioeconomically disadvantaged, and to have experienced other forms of sexual and partner violence and abuse. Those who received threatening/obscene messages in the past year were more likely to experience common mental disorder (adjusted odds ratio 1.89; 1.01–3.55), self-harm (2.31; 1.00–5.33), and suicidal thoughts (2.00; 1.06–3.78). Conclusion Threatening/obscene messaging commonly occurs in the context of intimate partner violence. While often occurring alongside sexual and physical violence, messaging has an additional association with mental disorder and suicidality. Routine enquiry in service settings concerning safety, including those working with people who have escaped domestic violence, should ask about ongoing contact from previous as well as current partners. This should include asking about messaging, as well as other forms of potentially technology-enabled abuse which may become increasingly common.

scholarly journals Effects of a Motor Imagery Task on Functional Brain Network Community Structure in Older Adults: Data from the Brain Networks and Mobility Function (B-NET) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Blake R. Neyland ◽  
Christina E. Hugenschmidt ◽  
Robert G. Lyday ◽  
Jonathan H. Burdette ◽  
Laura D. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Network Community ◽  
Functional Brain Networks ◽  
The Brain

Elucidating the neural correlates of mobility is critical given the increasing population of older adults and age-associated mobility disability. In the current study, we applied graph theory to cross-sectional data to characterize functional brain networks generated from functional magnetic resonance imaging data both at rest and during a motor imagery (MI) task. Our MI task is derived from the Mobility Assessment Tool–short form (MAT-sf), which predicts performance on a 400 m walk, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Participants (n = 157) were from the Brain Networks and Mobility (B-NET) Study (mean age = 76.1 ± 4.3; % female = 55.4; % African American = 8.3; mean years of education = 15.7 ± 2.5). We used community structure analyses to partition functional brain networks into communities, or subnetworks, of highly interconnected regions. Global brain network community structure decreased during the MI task when compared to the resting state. We also examined the community structure of the default mode network (DMN), sensorimotor network (SMN), and the dorsal attention network (DAN) across the study population. The DMN and SMN exhibited a task-driven decline in consistency across the group when comparing the MI task to the resting state. The DAN, however, displayed an increase in consistency during the MI task. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use graph theory and network community structure to characterize the effects of a MI task, such as the MAT-sf, on overall brain network organization in older adults.

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