scholarly journals No more business as usual: agile and effective responses to emerging pathogen threats require open data and open analytics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anton Nekrutenko ◽  
Sergei L Kosakovsky Pond
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Business As Usual

The current state of much of the Wuhan pneumonia virus (COVID-19) research shows a regrettable lack of data sharing and considerable analytical obfuscation. This impedes global research cooperation, which is essential for tackling public health emergencies, and requires unimpeded access to data, analysis tools, and computational infrastructure. Here we show that community efforts in developing open analytical software tools over the past ten years, combined with national investments into scientific computational infrastructure, can overcome these deficiencies and provide an accessible platform for tackling global health emergencies in an open and transparent manner. Specifically, we use all COVID-19 genomic data available in the public domain so far to (1) underscore the importance of access to raw data and to (2) demonstrate that existing community efforts in curation and deployment of biomedical software can reliably support rapid, reproducible research during global health crises. All our analyses are fully documented at https://github.com/galaxyproject/SARS-CoV-2.

The Studies on Veteran Entrepreneurship in the Past Decade in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-118
Author(s):  
Hua Geng ◽  
Benzhao Yang ◽  
Qingan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Research Literature ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Status ◽  
Literature Mapping

To have a thorough understanding of the current state of veteran entrepreneurship in China, a literature mapping was made on the basis of 235 related articles and research literature published in the past decade (from 2010 to 2019), which are open to the public and available on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Via combing through the above findings, the authors tried to unlock a phase with prominent rise of corresponding research papers and its possible reason, reveal the leading research power and their correlation, and also explore a potential research trend in the future. On the basis of the overall context and generalization of the status quo and limitations of this field during the past 10 years, reference and guidance can be provided for future study and policy making.

A Cloud-based Science Gateway for Enabling Science as a Service to Facilitate Open Science and Reproducible Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Ramamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Science Gateway ◽  
Access To Data

<p>The geoscience disciplines are either gathering or generating data in ever-increasing volumes. To ensure that the science community and society reap the utmost benefits in research and societal applications from such rich and diverse data resources, there is a growing interest in broad-scale, open data sharing to foster myriad scientific endeavors. However, open access to data is not sufficient; research outputs must be reusable and reproducible to accelerate scientific discovery and catalyze innovation.</p><p>As part of its mission, Unidata, a geoscience cyberinfrastructure facility, has been developing and deploying data infrastructure and data-proximate scientific workflows and analysis tools using cloud computing technologies for accessing, analyzing, and visualizing geoscience data.</p><p>Specifically, Unidata has developed techniques that combine robust access to well-documented datasets with easy-to-use tools, using workflow technologies. In addition to fostering the adoption of technologies like pre-configured virtual machines through Docker containers and Jupyter notebooks, other computational and analytic methods are enabled via “Software as a Service” and “Data as a Service” techniques with the deployment of the Cloud IDV, AWIPS Servers, and the THREDDS Data Server in the cloud. The collective impact of these services and tools is to enable scientists to use the Unidata Science Gateway capabilities to not only conduct their research but also share and collaborate with other researchers and advance the intertwined goals of Reproducibility of Science and Open Science, and in the process, truly enabling “Science as a Service”.</p><p>Unidata has implemented the aforementioned services on the Unidata Science Gateway ((http://science-gateway.unidata.ucar.edu), which is hosted on the Jetstream cloud, a cloud-computing facility that is funded by the U. S. National Science Foundation. The aim is to give geoscientists an ecosystem that includes data, tools, models, workflows, and workspaces for collaboration and sharing of resources.</p><p>In this presentation, we will discuss our work to date in developing the Unidata Science Gateway and the hosted services therein, as well as our future directions toward increasing expectations from funders and scientific communities that they will be Open and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). In particular, we will discuss how Unidata is advancing data and software transparency, open science, and reproducible research. We will share our experiences in how the geoscience and information science communities are using the data, tools and services provided through the Unidata Science Gateway to advance research and education in the geosciences.</p>

scholarly journals Institutionalization of Protestantism as a way out

2005 ◽  
pp. 238-261
Author(s):  
Petro Yarotskiy ◽  
Yu.Ye. Reshetnikov
Keyword(s):  
Religious Organization ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Jehovah’S Witnesses ◽  
Jehovah's Witnesses ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Extended Analysis

The study of the current state and tendencies of the development of the traditional trends of late Protestantism in Ukraine - Baptism, Adventism and Pentecostalism, as well as Jehovah's Witnesses during 1999-2005 made it possible, in our opinion, to be scientifically valuable and relevant to the public in these confessions. generalizations and conclusions. At the same time, in our study, they have both a universal character for all four of these denominations, as well as a specific context in the form of an extended analysis of the nature of theological, doctrinal, institutionalization changes that have taken place in the past 15 years in particular in Ukrainian Baptism and the religious organization of Jehovah's Witnesses. Adventism was preserved somewhat during this period.

scholarly journals Murals make (Our) history: paintings on the wall as media of cultural memory. Interpreting the current state of Warsaw’s commemorative murals

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-135
Author(s):  
Ilija Upalevski
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Secondary Memory ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Complex State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State

The aim of this paper is to closely examine the ways in which the outdoor mural as a form of art. has been used for commemorative purposes in the context of the Polish capital. Drawing on content analysis this paper will argue that regardless of their democratic potential and potential to act subversively in the public domain, the commemorative murals in the case of Warsaw are predominantly reflecting the official narrations/representations of the past and thus reproducing the state-supported, nation-centered, male-dominated perspective of history. Referring to Wulf Kansteiner methodological instructions, the paper introduces the notion of “secondary” memory makers in order to describe the position the mural makers are occupying in the field of Warsaw’s cultural memory. It will also be argued that mural makers, by adapting their works to the demands of the cultural institutions responsible for the memory production and dominant discourses of memory from mainly pragmatic reasons, are forgoing a fair portion of the democratic and subversive potential of the murals. As such, the paintings on the walls are, intentionally or not, further involved in more complex state-sponsored strategies of nationalizing the public space.

Leprosy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global View ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Books

Leprosy is an infection and neglected tropical disease that is steeped in myths, and, although it is described in history books, it can remain a challenge to manage today. Written in an accessible manner for professionals and the public alike, this book takes a global view of leprosy past and present. As a backdrop, it starts with exploring what we actually know about leprosy from medicine, how it is spread to humans, and its effects on the body. It then moves to consider its diagnosis and treatment in people, past and present. The focus switches next to the ways in which leprosy is diagnosed in skeletons (paleopathology), from just looking at the bones to analyzing the DNA of the bacteria preserved in the bones. By doing so, information on skeletons with evidence of leprosy across the globe is synthesized with the aim of considering the current state of global knowledge regarding the origin, evolution, and history of leprosy. In particular, the book explores how all the people diagnosed with leprosy in their skeletons in the past were buried, and the myth that everybody was ostracized and segregated into leprosy hospitals, due to stigma, is dismissed. It concludes with thoughts on a future for leprosy, the need to continue to dispel its myths and to seriously reconsider the use of the word “leper” when discussing leprosy today and in the past.

scholarly journals Mind the Gap: Towards the Integration of Critical Gerontology in Public Library Praxis

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole K. Dalmer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Library Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical Gerontology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Aging Populations

Aging populations challenge public libraries to adapt their materials, services and programming to maximize the wellbeing and functional capacity of older adults and enhance their social participation and security. For older adult patrons using public library spaces and services, the capacity to which the public library has been able to deliver on these qualities remains unclear. In the past, libraries and library staff have been critiqued for narrowly interpreting the needs of older adults, concentrating on aging as a loss or deficit. To understand the current state of Canadian urban public library services for older adults, publically accessible texts, documents and reports made available on five public library systems' websites were analyzed. This analysis uncovered certain gaps in adherence to key guidelines in the Canadian Library Association's Guidelines on Library and Information Services for Older Adults and revealed a lack of integration of older adults' own ideas and feedback for their programs and events. The incorporation of a critical gerontology approach throughout the analysis begins to elucidate this study's findings and calls for the questioning of current conceptualizations of older adults and the library services created for them. Public libraries are uniquely poised to engage with older adults and the addition of a critical gerontology lens in library practice and research will aid in the refocusing of resources and policies to more responsively support older adults' evolving needs.

Antimicrobial stewardship: a Canadian perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elissa Rennert-May ◽  
John Conly
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Canadian Perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the current state of antimicrobial stewardship implementation and development within Canada at both a federal and provincial level. Design/methodology/approach – Narrative review. Findings – There have been several prominent conferences and reports in Canada regarding the development and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs over the past two decades. However, despite the knowledge that there is a need for standardization of programs across Canada with accurate mechanisms and infrastructure in place for implementation and evaluation of these programs, there is still a lack of consistency across the country. In addition pharmacy information regarding inpatient and outpatient antimicrobial use is not uniformly reliable. Recently, the Public Health Agency of Canada using the Pan-Canadian Public Health Network as a vehicle organized a task group to help facilitate the working relationships among the provincial, territorial and federal governments in terms of implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs. This network has the potential to enhance and standardize programs across the country. Originality/value – This paper looks at Canadian policy regarding antimicrobial stewardship at a federal as well as provincial level. Historic conferences, reports and discussions are highlighted emphasizing the progressive changes over the past two decades and highlight many of the challenges that Canada continues to face.

scholarly journals Growing more food with less water: how can revitalizing Asia's irrigation help?

Water Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Mukherji ◽  
Thierry Facon ◽  
Charlotte de Fraiture ◽  
David Molden ◽  
Colin Chartres
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Current State ◽  
Underlying Principle ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
State Of Affairs

Asia accounts for 70% of the world's irrigated area and is home to some of the oldest and largest irrigation schemes. While these irrigation schemes played an important role in ensuring food security for billions of people in the past, their current state of affairs leaves much to be desired. This paper takes forward the IWMI–FAO–ADB (Asian Development Bank) recommendation of a five-pronged approach for revitalizing Asia's irrigation and provides a region-specific road map for doing this. The underlying principle of these multiple strategies is the belief that the public institutions at the heart of irrigation management in Asia need to give up comfortable rigidity and engage with individual users' needs and the demands placed by larger societal changes.

scholarly journals How is your Toronto neighbourhood portrayed in the news? Check it out using these interactive maps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
News Coverage ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Online News ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Local News ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interactive Maps ◽  
News Website ◽  
Access To Data

Concerns about how neighbourhoods are portrayed in the news have surfaced regularly in the Toronto area over the years. But are those concerns valid? Interactive maps produced by the The Local News Research Project (LNRP) at Ryerson University’s School of Journalism are designed to help Toronto residents answer this question. The maps give the public access to data the research project collected on local news coverage by the Toronto Star and the online news website OpenFile.ca. The maps are based on the Toronto Star’s local news coverage published on 21 days between January and August, 2011. Researchers have found that a two-week sample of news is generally representative of news coverage over the course of a year (Riffe, Aust & Lacy, 1993). The data for OpenFile.ca, which suspended publishing in 2012, were collected for every day in 2011 between January and August. Click here to see the maps or continue reading to find out more about news coverage and neighbourhood stereotyping, how the maps work, and the role of open data sources in this project.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for an equity-focused global health agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jensen ◽  
A. H. Kelly ◽  
M. Avendano
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Laboratory Capacity ◽  
Equity Research ◽  
Global North ◽  
Health Field ◽  
Health Agenda

Over the past few months, COVID-19 has ravaged health systems and economies in countries across the world. While many would argue that a pandemic of respiratory disease was predictable, the systematic failures of the response came as a surprise. From the shortage of hospital beds and medical equipment to the gross insufficiencies in national surveillance systems, supply chains and laboratory capacity, COVID-19 has laid bare the health care limitations that ‘global north’ and ‘global south’ share. A stark set of differences, however, run across the parallels in our collective predicament: indeed, what has become ever-more apparent is the radically uneven distribution of the health, social and economic risks associated with the pandemic—and the public health measures implemented in response—both within and between societies. As concerns grow over a prolonged period of COVID-19 waves, further insights are needed into who bears the largest share of COVID-19 burden and why. The pursuit of health equity is widely held to be global health’s raison d’être; and yet, the deep inequities laid bare by the current pandemic underscore that the field must do more and we must do better. This article identifies five key domains for equity research and action going forward. These ‘equity frontiers’ are not meant to be exhaustive. Rather our emphasis here is on drawing lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic as a prompt for a revived—if not rethought—equity agenda for an evolving global health field.

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