scholarly journals Multi-city modeling of epidemics using spatial networks: Application to 2019-nCov (COVID-19) coronavirus in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhalchandra S. Pujari ◽  
Snehal Shekatkar
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Spatial Networks ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Epidemiological Modeling ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
City Modeling ◽  
Coupling Parameters

The ongoing pandemic of 2019-nCov (COVID-19) coronavirus has made reliable epidemiological modeling an urgent necessity. Unfortunately, most of the existing models are either too fine-grained to be efficient or too coarse-grained to be reliable. Here we propose a computationally efficient hybrid approach that uses SIR model for individual cities which are in turn coupled via empirical transportation networks that facilitate migration among them. The treatment presented here differs from existing models in two crucial ways: first, self-consistent determination of coupling parameters so as to maintain the populations of individual cities, and second, the incorporation of distance dependent temporal delays in migration. We apply our model to Indian aviation as well as railway networks taking into account populations of more than 300 cities. Our results project that through the domestic transportation, the significant population is poised to be exposed within 90 days of the onset of epidemic. Thus, serious supervision of domestic transport networks is warranted even after restricting international migration.

scholarly journals Significance of Fines in Hot Mix Asphalt Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Elvira Kalaitzaki ◽  
George Kollaros ◽  
Antonia Athanasopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Particle Contact ◽  
A Value ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
And Performance

Abstract According to their size, aggregates are classified in coarse grained, fine grained, and fines. The determination of fines content in aggregate materials is very simple and is performed through the aggregate washing during the sieving procedure to define the gradation curve. The very fine material consists of grains having a size lower than 63 μm. The presence of fines directly influences the composition and performance of concrete and asphalt mixtures (e.g. asphalt content, elasticity, fracture). The strength and load carrying capacity of hot mix asphalt (HMA) results from the aggregate framework created through particle-particle contact and interlock. Fines or mineral filler have a role in HMA. The coarse aggregate framework is filled by the sand-sized material and finally by the mineral filler. At some point, the smallest particles lose contact becoming suspended in the binder not having the particle-particle contact that is created by the larger particles. The overall effect of mineral filler in hot mix asphalt specimens has been investigated through a series of laboratory tests. It is clear that a behaviour influenced by the adherence of fines to asphalt film has been developed. The optimum bitumen content requirement in case of stone filler is almost the same as that for fly ash. It has been found that the percentage of fly ash filler is crucial if it exceeds approximately a value of 4%.

scholarly journals Prediction of four-days Soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Values from Soil Index Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Pascal Ambrose ◽  
Siya Rimoy
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Index Properties ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Careful Preparation ◽  
Cbr Test

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) laboratory testing is the conventional method for determining soaked strengths of pavement subgrades. The test requires careful preparation of soil samples followed by four days of water soaking before penetrating the samples using a standard plunger at prescribed rates to set depths. When the number of samples becomes large the determination of soaked CBR values becomes cumbersome as the test is laborious and time consuming. This study aimed at establishing an alternative way of determining soaked CBR by developing a model that would be used for estimating soaked CBR of fine- and coarse- grained soils without performing the CBR test. This has been achieved by correlating CBR values compacted at 95% Maximum Dry Density (MDD) with the soil index properties. The results show that soaked CBR values of fine-grained soils significantly correlate with specific gravity of soil (GS), Plasticity index (PI) and the grading modulus (GM) of the soil that yields a degree of determination of R2 = 0.91 and for coarse grained (A-2 type) soil, the soaked CBR values significantly correlate with specific gravity of soil and percentage of fines passing 0.075mm sieve size that yields a degree of determination of R2= 0.94.

scholarly journals Toward a Lockean Unification of Formal and Traditional Epistemology

Episteme ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Matthew Brandon Lee ◽  
Paul Silva
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Grained ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Traditional Epistemology ◽  
Identity Thesis ◽  
Rational Confidence ◽  
Carry Over

Abstract A Lockean metaphysics of belief that understands outright belief as a determinable with degrees of confidence as determinates is supposed to effect a unification of traditional coarse-grained epistemology of belief with fine-grained epistemology of confidence. But determination of belief by confidence would not by itself yield the result that norms for confidence carry over to norms for outright belief unless belief and high confidence are token identical. We argue that this token-identity thesis is incompatible with the neglected phenomenon of “mistuned knowledge” – knowledge in the absence of rational confidence. We show how partial epistemological unification can be secured, even without token identity, given determination of outright belief by degrees of confidence. Finally, we suggest a direction for the pursuit of thoroughgoing epistemological unification.

Prelude a une typologie des massifs granitiques

1962 ◽  
Vol S7-IV (7) ◽  
pp. 888-897
Author(s):  
Marie Jose Pavillon ◽  
Pierre Routhier
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
Porphyritic Granite ◽  
Granitic Pluton ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Continuous Evolution

Abstract Based on their chemical and chronologic characteristics the granitic rocks of massifs are classified in two groups: syntectonic and late tectonic granites of the first phase; and extensively fractured, with coal deposition and later mineralization of the second phase. A structural analysis of the Meymac region (central French massif) is used as an example as it represents a granitic pluton, with continuous evolution resulting in a zonal distribution of the minerals and formations. The typological determination of granitic massifs requires specifically defined terminology, and metalliferous deposits must be differentiated. Examination of the granitic facies reveals four types of massifs: massifs with porphyritic granite associated with medium-grained non-porphyritic granite; massifs with porphyritic granite containing fine-grained granite bodies; massifs of coarse-grained, non-porphyritic granite; and massifs of varied facies disposed in an irregular manner. Typology seems to be a possible beginning in the study of the dynamics of deepseated petrogenesis.

scholarly journals Wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące budowy tuneli z wykorzystaniem zmechanizowanych tarcz zawiesinowych

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-499
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Michalczuk ◽  
Mirosław Lipiński ◽  
Małgorzata Wdowska
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Tunnel Boring Machine ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Tunnel Boring ◽  
A Site ◽  
Slurry Shield

The major criteria which determine selection of tunneling technology with use of tunnel boring machine (TBM) technique concern geotechnical an hydrogeological conditions of a site. When subsoil strata does not consist of rock the soils are group in two categories, i.e. coarse grained and fine grained soils. Determination of geotechnical parameters pertinent to the problem of tunneling requires individual approach in each case. In case of slurry shield technique, calculations of pressure required for face support should account for real loading conditions. In particular, with respect to shear strength, drainage conditions should be properly accounted for. Thus determined shear strength should be assigned to properly distinguished soil layers. The proper division of soil strata into soil layers is also discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals The INFLUENCE OF THE HOT-ROLLING TECHNIQUE FOR EN AW-8021B ALUMINIUM ALLOY ON THE MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF A COLD-ROLLED FOIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Kraner ◽  
Tomaž Smolar ◽  
Darja Volšak ◽  
Marjana Lažeta ◽  
Robert Skrbinek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Burst Test ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Hot Rolled

In the whole manufacturing chain of aluminium products, hot rolling significantly impacts the obtaining of favourable microstructures and desired mechanical properties of final products. The determination of crucial differences between the reverse hot rolling on a single-stand mill and the tandem hot rolling on a tandem-stand mill presented a major challenge. Besides the grain-size distribution in the microstructure’s cross-section, the crystallographic textures of hot-rolled strips were also determined and compared. The alternating band areas of a coarse-grained microstructure and fine-grained microstructure due to reverse hot rolling and, especially, the appearance of extremely fine grains on the surfaces present limitations compared to the tandem hot rolling. For subsequently cold-rolled foils, classical mechanical properties were measured. Besides, the usefulness of EN AW-8021B foils with a thickness of 60 µm for pharmaceutical-packaging applications was tested with a burst test. A minor but important difference of 1 % in the elongation is shown for the convex height increased by 1 mm.

Correlation between dislocation, grain boundary and interface of duplex SS in stress corrosion cracking(SCC)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
Wang Zheng-fang ◽  
Z.F. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Evaluation Test ◽  
Welding Thermal Cycle ◽  
Micro Analysis

The main purpose of this study highlights on the evaluation of chloride SCC resistance of the material,duplex stainless steel,OOCr18Ni5Mo3Si2 (18-5Mo) and its welded coarse grained zone(CGZ).18-5Mo is a dual phases (A+F) stainless steel with yield strength:512N/mm2 .The proportion of secondary Phase(A phase) accounts for 30-35% of the total with fine grained and homogeneously distributed A and F phases(Fig.1).After being welded by a specific welding thermal cycle to the material,i.e. Tmax=1350°C and t8/5=20s,microstructure may change from fine grained morphology to coarse grained morphology and from homogeneously distributed of A phase to a concentration of A phase(Fig.2).Meanwhile,the proportion of A phase reduced from 35% to 5-10°o.For this reason it is known as welded coarse grained zone(CGZ).In association with difference of microstructure between base metal and welded CGZ,so chloride SCC resistance also differ from each other.Test procedures:Constant load tensile test(CLTT) were performed for recording Esce-t curve by which corrosion cracking growth can be described, tf,fractured time,can also be recorded by the test which is taken as a electrochemical behavior and mechanical property for SCC resistance evaluation. Test environment:143°C boiling 42%MgCl2 solution is used.Besides, micro analysis were conducted with light microscopy(LM),SEM,TEM,and Auger energy spectrum(AES) so as to reveal the correlation between the data generated by the CLTT results and micro analysis.

scholarly journals Balanced Sparsity for Efficient DNN Inference on GPU

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 5676-5683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuliang Yao ◽  
Shijie Cao ◽  
Wencong Xiao ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Lanshun Nie
Keyword(s):  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Efficient Computation ◽  
Model Accuracy ◽  
Sparse Model ◽  
Model Inference ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Practical Inference ◽  
Speed Up

In trained deep neural networks, unstructured pruning can reduce redundant weights to lower storage cost. However, it requires the customization of hardwares to speed up practical inference. Another trend accelerates sparse model inference on general-purpose hardwares by adopting coarse-grained sparsity to prune or regularize consecutive weights for efficient computation. But this method often sacrifices model accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel fine-grained sparsity approach, Balanced Sparsity, to achieve high model accuracy with commercial hardwares efficiently. Our approach adapts to high parallelism property of GPU, showing incredible potential for sparsity in the widely deployment of deep learning services. Experiment results show that Balanced Sparsity achieves up to 3.1x practical speedup for model inference on GPU, while retains the same high model accuracy as finegrained sparsity.

scholarly journals Submarine lava deltas of the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Adam Soule ◽  
Michael Zoeller ◽  
Carolyn Parcheta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Delta Formation

AbstractHawaiian and other ocean island lava flows that reach the coastline can deposit significant volumes of lava in submarine deltas. The catastrophic collapse of these deltas represents one of the most significant, but least predictable, volcanic hazards at ocean islands. The volume of lava deposited below sea level in delta-forming eruptions and the mechanisms of delta construction and destruction are rarely documented. Here, we report on bathymetric surveys and ROV observations following the Kīlauea 2018 eruption that, along with a comparison to the deltas formed at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō over the past decade, provide new insight into delta formation. Bathymetric differencing reveals that the 2018 deltas contain more than half of the total volume of lava erupted. In addition, we find that the 2018 deltas are comprised largely of coarse-grained volcanic breccias and intact lava flows, which contrast with those at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō that contain a large fraction of fine-grained hyaloclastite. We attribute this difference to less efficient fragmentation of the 2018 ‘a‘ā flows leading to fragmentation by collapse rather than hydrovolcanic explosion. We suggest a mechanistic model where the characteristic grain size influences the form and stability of the delta with fine grain size deltas (Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō) experiencing larger landslides with greater run-out supported by increased pore pressure and with coarse grain size deltas (Kīlauea 2018) experiencing smaller landslides that quickly stop as the pore pressure rapidly dissipates. This difference, if validated for other lava deltas, would provide a means to assess potential delta stability in future eruptions.

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