scholarly journals A role for the cortex in sleep-wake regulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas B. Krone ◽  
Tomoko Yamagata ◽  
Cristina Blanco-Duque ◽  
Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin ◽  
Martin C. Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
State Control ◽  
Snare Protein ◽  
Global State ◽  
Sleep Homeostasis ◽  
A Cell

AbstractThe cortex and subcortical circuitry are thought to play distinct roles in the generation of sleep oscillations and global control of vigilance states. Here we silenced a subset of cortical layer 5 pyramidal and dentate gyrus granule cells in mice using a cell-specific ablation of the key t-SNARE protein SNAP25. We found a marked increase in wakefulness accompanied by a reduced rebound of EEG slow-wave activity after sleep deprivation. Our data illustrates an important role for the cortex in both global state control and sleep homeostasis.

Sleep after arousal from hibernation is not homeostatically regulated

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. R522-R529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie E. Larkin ◽  
H. Craig Heller
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Sleep Homeostasis ◽  
Homeostatic Response ◽  
Periodic Arousals

Electroencephalographic slow-wave activity (SWA) in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is directly related to prior sleep/wake history, with high levels of SWA following extended periods of wake. Therefore, SWA has been thought to reflect the level of accumulated sleep need. The discovery that euthermic intervals between hibernation bouts are spent primarily in sleep and that this sleep is characterized by high and monotonically declining SWA has led to speculation that sleep homeostasis may play a fundamental role in the regulation of the timing of bouts of hibernation and periodic arousals to euthermia. It was proposed that because the SWA profile seen after arousal from hibernation is strikingly similar to what is seen in nonhibernating mammals after extended periods of wakefulness, that hibernating mammals may arouse from hibernation with significant accumulated sleep need. This sleep need may accumulate during hibernation because the low brain temperatures during hibernation may not be compatible with sleep restorative processes. In the present study, golden-mantled ground squirrels were sleep deprived during the first 4 h of interbout euthermia by injection of caffeine (20 mg/kg ip). We predicted that if the SWA peaks after bouts of hibernation reflected a homeostatic response to an accumulated sleep need, sleep deprivation should simply have displaced and possibly augmented the SWA to subsequent recovery sleep. Instead we found that after caffeine-induced sleep deprivation of animals just aroused from hibernation, the anticipated high SWA typical of recovery sleep did not occur. Similar results were found in a study that induced sleep deprivation by gentle handling (19). These findings indicate that the SWA peak immediately after hibernation does not represent homeostatic regulation of NREM sleep, as it normally does after prolonged wakefulness during euthermia, but instead may reflect some other neurological process in the recovery of brain function from an extended period at low temperature.

scholarly journals Psilocin acutely disrupts sleep and affects local but not global sleep homeostasis in laboratory mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Thomas ◽  
Cristina Blanco-Duque ◽  
Benjamin Bréant ◽  
Guy M. Goodwin ◽  
Trevor Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Sleep Homeostasis

AbstractSerotonergic psychedelic drugs, such as psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), profoundly alter the quality of consciousness through mechanisms which are incompletely understood. Growing evidence suggests that a single psychedelic experience can positively impact long-term psychological well-being, with relevance for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, including depression. A prominent factor associated with psychiatric disorders is disturbed sleep, and the sleep-wake cycle is implicated in the regulation of neuronal firing and activity homeostasis. It remains unknown to what extent psychedelic agents directly affect sleep, in terms of both acute arousal and homeostatic sleep regulation. Here, chronic in vivo electrophysiological recordings were obtained in mice to track sleep-wake architecture and cortical activity after psilocin injection. Administration of psilocin led to delayed REM sleep onset and reduced NREM sleep maintenance for up to approximately 3 hours after dosing, and the acute EEG response was associated primarily with an enhanced oscillation around 4 Hz. No long-term changes in sleep-wake quantity were found. When combined with sleep deprivation, psilocin did not alter the dynamics of homeostatic sleep rebound during the subsequent recovery period, as reflected in both sleep amount and EEG slow wave activity. However, psilocin decreased the recovery rate of sleep slow wave activity following sleep deprivation in the local field potentials of electrodes targeting medial prefrontal and surrounding cortex. It is concluded that psilocin affects both global vigilance state control and local sleep homeostasis, an effect which may be relevant for its antidepressant efficacy.

Degree and pattern of calbindin immunoreactivity in granule cells of the dentate gyrus differ in mesial temporal sclerosis, cortical malformation- and tumor-related epilepsies

2011 ◽  
Vol 1399 ◽  
pp. 66-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajnalka Ábrahám ◽  
Zsófia Richter ◽  
Csilla Gyimesi ◽  
Zsolt Horváth ◽  
József Janszky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Cortical Malformation

scholarly journals Substance P Enhances NMDA Channel Function in Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Lieberman ◽  
Istvan Mody
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Channel Function ◽  
Nmda Channel

Lieberman, David N. and Istvan Mody. Substance P enhances NMDA channel function in hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 113–119, 1998. Substance P (SP)–containing afferents and the NK-1 tachykinin receptor to which SP binds are present in the dentate gyrus of the rat; however, direct actions of SP on principal cells have not been demonstrated in this brain region. We have examined the effect of SP on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) channels from acutely isolated dentate gyrus granule cells of adult rat hippocampus to assess the ability of SP to regulate glutamatergic input. SP produces a robust enhancement of single NMDA channel function that is mimicked by the NK-1–selective agonist Sar9, Met(O2)11-SP. The SP-induced prolongation of NMDA channel openings is prevented by the selective NK-1 receptor antagonist (+)-(2 S,3 S)-3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine (CP-99,994). Calcium influx or activation of protein kinase C were not required for the SP-induced increase in NMDA channel open durations. The dramatic enhancement of excitatory amino acid–mediated excitability by SP places this neuropeptide in a key position to gate activation of hippocampal network activity.

scholarly journals Regionally Localized Recurrent Excitation in the Dentate Gyrus of a Cortical Contusion Model of Posttraumatic Epilepsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 1490-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Hunt ◽  
Stephen W. Scheff ◽  
Bret N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Mossy Fiber Sprouting ◽  
Posttraumatic Epilepsy ◽  
Dentate Granule Cells ◽  
Cortical Contusion

Posttraumatic epilepsy is a frequent consequence of brain trauma, but relatively little is known about how neuronal circuits are chronically altered after closed head injury. We examined whether local recurrent excitatory synaptic connections form between dentate granule cells in mice 8–12 wk after cortical contusion injury. Mice were monitored for behavioral seizures shortly after brain injury and ≤10 wk postinjury. Injury-induced seizures were observed in 15% of mice, and spontaneous seizures were observed weeks later in 40% of mice. Timm's staining revealed mossy fiber sprouting into the inner molecular layer of the dorsal dentate gyrus ipsilateral to the injury in 95% of mice but not contralateral to the injury or in uninjured controls. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were made from granule cells in isolated hippocampal brain slices. Cells in slices with posttraumatic mossy fiber sprouting had an increased excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) frequency compared with cells in slices without sprouting from injured and control animals ( P < 0.001). When perfused with Mg2+-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing 100 μM picrotoxin, these cells had spontaneous bursts of EPSCs and action potentials. Focal glutamate photostimulation of the granule cell layer evoked a burst of EPSCs and action potentials indicative of recurrent excitatory connections in granule cells of slices with mossy fiber sprouting. In granule cells of slices without sprouting from injured animals and controls, spontaneous or photostimulation-evoked epileptiform activity was never observed. These results suggest that a new regionally localized excitatory network forms between dentate granule cells near the injury site within weeks after cortical contusion head injury.

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