scholarly journals Reproducibility and reporting practices in COVID-19 preprint manuscripts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Sumner ◽  
Leah Haynes ◽  
Sarah Nathan ◽  
Cynthia Hudson-Vitale ◽  
Leslie D. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Open Science ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Funding Information ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has sparked an outflow of scientific research seeking to understand the virus, its spread, and best practices in prevention and treatment. If this international research effort is going to be as swift and effective as possible, it will need to rely on a principle of open science. When researchers share data, code, and software and generally make their work as transparent as possible, it allows other researchers to verify and expand upon their work. Furthermore, it allows public officials to make informed decisions. In this study, we analyzed 535 preprint articles related to COVID-19 for eight transparency criteria and recorded study location and funding information. We found that individual researchers have lined up to help during this crisis, quickly tackling important public health questions, often without funding or support from outside organizations. However, most authors could improve their data sharing and scientific reporting practices. The contrast between researchers’ commitment to doing important research and their reporting practices reveals underlying weaknesses in the research community’s reporting habits, but not necessarily their science.

scholarly journals Sports Medicine Considerations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 036354652097518
Author(s):  
Mary K. Mulcahey ◽  
Arianna L. Gianakos ◽  
Angela Mercurio ◽  
Scott Rodeo ◽  
Karen M. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Current Disruption ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Sports Activities

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has resulted in upward of 14 million confirmed cases and >597,000 deaths worldwide as of July 19, 2020. The current disruption in sports activities caused by COVID-19 presents a challenge to physicians, coaches, and trainers in discerning best practices for a safe return to sport. There is a distinct need to develop and adopt consistent measures for resumption of sports activities, including training and competition, in a way that places the health and well-being of athletes at the forefront while also protecting coaches, allied staff, and spectators. This article provides an overview of the effects of COVID-19 in the athletic population and presents considerations for training during the pandemic, as well as guidelines for return to sports as restrictions are lifted.

scholarly journals Retaining Adolescent and Young Adult Participants in Research During a Pandemic: Best Practices From Two Large-Scale Developmental Neuroimaging Studies (NCANDA and ABCD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate B. Nooner ◽  
Tammy Chung ◽  
Sarah W. Feldstein Ewing ◽  
Ty Brumback ◽  
Zjanya Arwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus pandemic that emerged in late 2019 (COVID-19) has created challenges not previously experienced in human research. This paper discusses two large-scale NIH-funded multi-site longitudinal studies of adolescents and young adults – the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study – and valuable approaches to learn about adaptive processes for conducting developmentally sensitive research with neuroimaging and neurocognitive testing across consortia during a global pandemic. We focus on challenges experienced during the pandemic and modifications that may guide other projects, such as implementing adapted protocols that protect the safety of participants and research staff, and addressing assessment challenges through the use of strategies such as remote and mobile assessments. Given the pandemic’s disproportionate impacts on participants typically underrepresented in research, we describe efforts to retain these individuals. The pandemic provides an opportunity to develop adaptive processes that can facilitate future studies’ ability to mobilize effectively and rapidly.

“Go Hard, Go Early”: Preliminary Lessons From New Zealand’s Response to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 598-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Management Research ◽  
National Unity ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Although the full impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is yet to be realized, New Zealand has suffered comparatively less than other countries, and there were no active cases in the country by June 8, 2020. Building from best practices in emergency management research, several preliminary lessons emerge from the country’s response to the crisis that could be adapted for other settings. In particular, the government acted early and decisively, developed national unity to combat the virus, communicated effectively with the public, and adapted to changing circumstances, especially to address shortcomings in the response. These preliminary lessons provide some guidance in how to effectively respond to the virus through proactive, evidence-based, well-communicated policies.

scholarly journals The Discovery of Ketone-Based Covalent Inhibitors of Coronavirus 3CL Proteases for the Potential Therapeutic Treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hoffman ◽  
Robert S. Kania ◽  
Mary A. Brothers ◽  
Jay F. Davies ◽  
Rose A. Ferre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Protein Cleavage ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Covalent Inhibitors ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Further Development

The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 that emerged in 2019 is caused by the virus SARS CoV-2 and named for its close genetic similarity to SARS CoV-1 that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002. Both SARS coronavirus genomes encode two overlapping large polyproteins which are cleaved at specific sites by a cysteine 3C-like protease (3CLpro) in a post-translational processing step that is critical for coronavirus replication. The 3CLpro sequences for CoV-1 and CoV-2 viruses are 100% identical in the catalytic domain that carries out protein cleavage. A research effort that focused on the discovery of reversible and irreversible ketone-based inhibitors of SARS CoV-1 3CLpro employing ligand-protease structures solved by X-ray crystallography led to the identification of 3 and 4. Preclinical experiments reveal 4 (PF-00835231) as a potent inhibitor of CoV-2 3CLpro with suitable pharmaceutical properties to warrant further development as an intravenous treatment for COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Discovery of Ketone-Based Covalent Inhibitors of Coronavirus 3CL Proteases for the Potential Therapeutic Treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hoffman ◽  
Robert S. Kania ◽  
Mary A. Brothers ◽  
Jay F. Davies ◽  
Rose A. Ferre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Protein Cleavage ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Covalent Inhibitors ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Further Development

The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 that emerged in 2019 is caused by the virus SARS CoV-2 and named for its close genetic similarity to SARS CoV-1 that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002. Both SARS coronavirus genomes encode two overlapping large polyproteins which are cleaved at specific sites by a cysteine 3C-like protease (3CLpro) in a post-translational processing step that is critical for coronavirus replication. The 3CLpro sequences for CoV-1 and CoV-2 viruses are 100% identical in the catalytic domain that carries out protein cleavage. A research effort that focused on the discovery of reversible and irreversible ketone-based inhibitors of SARS CoV-1 3CLpro employing ligand-protease structures solved by X-ray crystallography led to the identification of 3 and 4. Preclinical experiments reveal 4 (PF-00835231) as a potent inhibitor of CoV-2 3CLpro with suitable pharmaceutical properties to warrant further development as an intravenous treatment for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Reflecting on Best Practices for Online Learning in a Post-COVID-19 World

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Schrenk ◽  
Kelly Alves ◽  
Brianne Schrenk ◽  
Drew Van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Teaching Online ◽  
Experience Teaching ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
To Receive

When the novel coronavirus 2019 caused many schools to immediately go online in March 2020, many instructors had significant training and experience teaching residentially but little to no experience teaching online courses. All classes were immediately converted to online, and some schools are still uncertain as to when they will return to full traditional classroom settings. Regardless of online experience, all instructors were needed to learn to adapt to online teaching immediately. This change created a need for all faculty members to receive the training and support necessary to make the online process as smooth and effective as possible. In this Best Practices perspective, we identified useful and successful practices to help students learn in the online courses. With the knowledge of data driven support and awareness of effective online teaching strategies, instructors can make the most of online teaching sessions.

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in the UK and Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gul Deniz Salali ◽  
Mete Sefa Uysal
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
The Public ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Much research effort is focused on developing an effective vaccine for combatting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccine development itself, however, will not be enough given that a sufficient amount of people will need to be vaccinated for widespread immunity. Vaccine hesitancy is on the rise, varies across countries, and is associated with conspiratorial worldview. Given the rise in COVID-19-related conspiracy theories, we aimed to examine the levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its association with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in a cross-cultural study. Methods We conducted an online survey in the UK (N = 1088) and Turkey (N = 3936), and gathered information on participants' willingness to vaccinate for a potential COVID-19 vaccine, beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus, and several behavioural and demographic predictors (such as anxiety, risk perception, government satisfaction levels) that influence vaccination and origin beliefs. Results In all, 31% of the participants in Turkey and 14% in the UK were unsure about getting themselves vaccinated for a COVID-19 vaccine. In both countries, 3% of the participants rejected to be vaccinated. Also, 54% of the participants in Turkey and 63% in the UK believed in the natural origin of the novel coronavirus. Believing in the natural origin significantly increased the odds of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Conclusions Our results point at a concerning level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, especially in Turkey, and suggest that wider communication of the scientific consensus on the origin of the novel coronavirus with the public may help future campaigns targeting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

scholarly journals Withaferin A: a potential therapeutic agent against COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex R. Straughn ◽  
Sham S. Kakar
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Withaferin A ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Steroidal Lactone

Abstract The outbreak and continued spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a preeminent global health threat that has resulted in the infection of over 6 million people worldwide. In addition, the pandemic has claimed the lives of over 350,000 people worldwide. Age and the presence of underlying comorbid conditions have been found to be key determinants of patient mortality. One such comorbidity is the presence of an oncological malignancy, with cancer patients exhibiting an approximate two-fold increase in mortality rate. Due to a lack of data, no consensus has been reached about the best practices for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Interestingly, two independent research groups have discovered that Withaferin A (WFA), a steroidal lactone with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties, may bind to the viral spike (S-) protein of SARS-CoV-2. Further, preliminary data from our research group has demonstrated that WFA does not alter expression of ACE2 in the lungs of tumor-bearing female mice. Downregulation of ACE2 has recently been demonstrated to increase the severity of COVID-19. Therefore, WFA demonstrates real potential as a therapeutic agent to treat or prevent the spread of COVID-19 due to the reported interference in viral S-protein to host receptor binding and its lack of effect on ACE2 expression in the lungs.

scholarly journals Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19; a Fiction, Hope or Hype? An Updated Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Saghir ◽  
Naif AlGabri ◽  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
Youssef Attia ◽  
Salem Alailay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Antiviral Medications ◽  
Selection Of

In December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) that began in China had infected more than 56 million individuals worldwide and accounted for more than 1.344.000 fatalities. With the dawn of this novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), there was a requirement to select potential therapies that might effectively kill the virus, accelerate the recovery, or decrease the case fatality rate. Besides the currently available antiviral medications for HIV and HCV, the chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) regimen with or without azithromycin has been repurposed in China and was recommended by the National Health Commission, China in mid-February 2020. By this time, the selection of this regimen was based on its efficacy against the previous SARS-CoV-1 virus and its potential to inhibit viral replication of the SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. There was a shortage of robust clinical proof about the effectiveness of this regimen against the novel SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, extensive research effort has been made by several researchers worldwide to investigate whether this regimen is safe and effective for the management of COVID-19. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the CQ/HCQ regimen. It summarizes the evaluating data from in vitro studies and clinical studies either for the protection or the treatment against SARS-CoV-2. There is a sharp difference of opinion about the role of CQ/HCQ regimen in treatment of COVID-19. The literature data are controversial and contradictory due to the diverse study design, population selection, dosage, regimen, and outcome measures. Current evidence from the two largest randomized-controlled trials (recovery and solidarity) suggests that the HCQ regimen does not decrease COVID-19 patients’ mortality. However, conflicting data were published from observational studies showing that the drug might be sufficient. Therefore, more investigations are needed to emphasize these findings.

Comparative docking of SARS-CoV-2 receptors antagonists from repurposing drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micael Davi Lima de Oliveira ◽  
Kelson Mota Teixeira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Receptors ◽  
Theoretical Results

According to the World Health Organisation, until 16 June, 2020, the number of confirmed and notified cases of COVID-19 has already exceeded 7.9 million with approximately 434 thousand deaths worldwide. This research aimed to find repurposing antagonists, that may inhibit the activity of the main protease (Mpro) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as partially modulate the ACE2 receptors largely found in lung cells, and reduce viral replication by inhibiting Nsp12 RNA polymerase. Docking molecular simulations were performed among a total of 60 structures, most of all, published in the literature against the novel coronavirus. The theoretical results indicated that, in comparative terms, paritaprevir, ivermectin, ledipasvir, and simeprevir, are among the most theoretical promising drugs in remission of symptoms from the disease. Furthermore, also corroborate indinavir to the high modulation in viral receptors. The second group of promising drugs includes remdesivir and azithromycin. The repurposing drugs HCQ and chloroquine were not effective in comparative terms to other drugs, as monotherapies, against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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