scholarly journals Highly Versatile, Non-Invasive Method for Collecting Buccal DNA from Free-Ranging Non-Human Primates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aru Toyoda ◽  
Kazunari Matsudaira ◽  
Tamaki Maruhashi ◽  
Suchinda Malaivijitnond ◽  
Yoshi Kawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Allelic Dropout ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Free Ranging

ABSTRACTNon-invasive techniques for collection of DNA samples of suitable quality and quantity are important for improving the efficiency of genetic wildlife research. The development of a non-invasive method for collection of DNA samples from wild stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) is described herein. Polyester rope was cut into 10 cm pieces, which were then soaked in a 20% sugar solution to bait individuals. Rope swabs were immediately collected and transferred to a lysis buffer solution after subjects had picked up, chewed, and discarded them. DNA was later extracted from the buffer. Quantitative real-time PCR and both allelic dropout and genotype failure rates were used to compare the quantity and quality of the buccal DNA samples to those of intestinal slough cell DNA samples collected from freshly dropped feces. The buccal samples yielded significantly more DNA (27.1 ± 33.8 ng/μL) than did the fecal samples (11.4 ± 15.4 ng/μL) and exhibited lower allelic dropout and genotyping failure rates for the 10 autosomal microsatellites investigated. Buccal cell collection was also simple, inexpensive, reliable, and less time-consuming compared to fecal sampling. Thus, this method should facilitate genome-wide studies of non-human primates and other wildlife species.

scholarly journals Mid-stream clean catch urine collection in newborns: a non-invasive and safe technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Kumar ◽  
Nithin . ◽  
Sudha Rudrappa
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Safe Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Mean Time

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the success rate and safety of a non-invasive technique to obtain clean-catch midstream urine samples in newborns.Methods: Prospective bedside clinical study. After obtaining written informed consent,120 consecutive newborns admitted in NICU with no dehydration, poor feeding, need for immediate urine sample by invasive method  for whom urine collection was advised for various reasons who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study with consent being taken from the parents. After adequate milk intake supra pubic and lumbar para vertebral areas were stimulated in repeated cycles of 30 s until micturition began.Results: Success rate in obtaining a midstream urine sample within 5 min. The success rate was 90%. The mean time taken to collect urine was 64.24s, for males it was 62.55s and for females 65.93s.Conclusions: The technique has been demonstrated to be safe, quick and effective. The discomfort and time consumption usually associated with bag collection methods as well as invasive techniques can be avoided.

scholarly journals Influence of hyperbaric oxygenation and its use in urinary tract diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Skiba ◽  
Agnieszka Pedrycz
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Hyperbaric Therapy

Abstract In this publication, we adduce examples of the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in urinary tract diseases. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been proved to have a positive influence on the kidneys of animals with diabetes, sepsis or undergoing chemotherapy. In the literature, we can also find many examples of the use of hyperbaric therapy with good clinical outcomes in human patients with prostatic hypertrophy, pyelonephritis, and hemorrhagic cystitis. The first trials of this kind of treatment of urinary tract diseases were started at the end of the twentieth century. In spite of the promising results, and numerous reports on the effectiveness of this non-invasive method of treatment, it is not currently used on a regular basis. Because many factors such as time, multiple applications, the parameters used in the hyperbaric chamber as well as the medications taken by the patient affect the quality of the result, further studies are needed to make hyperbaric therapy more suitable and safer for each patient.

scholarly journals Diagnostic methods for extra-temporal neocortical focal epilepsies: present and future

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo André Amorim Leite ◽  
Maria Concépcion Garcia Otaduy ◽  
Gilson Edmar Gonçalves e Silva ◽  
Maria Lúcia Brito Ferreira ◽  
Maria de Fátima Vasco Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Proton Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Video Eeg

The progress of epilepsies diagnosis has been great, but, amongst the diagnostic detailing that demand research, one of the most important is the essential lateralization and localization of epileptogenic zone, considered as the cerebral cortex region, that removed, will result in a free state of seizures. The present study aims to analyze the possible uses of proton spectroscopy for clinical and pre-surgical evaluation of focal extratemporal epilepsies, since this group presents the highest difficulty degree for lateralizing and locating epileptogenic zones. In almost all cases, a non invasive diagnosis can be performed using routine electroencephalography, video-electroencephalography - considered as gold standard, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, when the results of these exams are contradictory, some patients need invasive techniques, as the intra-cranial video-EEG, using deep electrodes, sub-dural strip and grid, that are associated with increased diagnostic cost and risk of complications, as cerebral hemorrhages and intra-cranial infections. Proton spectroscopy appears as a possibility, given its capacity to evaluate cerebral metabolism, by N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre) and choline (Cho) concentrations, amongst other metabolites. This non invasive method may provide time reduction of this evaluation and reliable level improvement for this topographical diagnosis.

Measurement of immunoreactive progestins excreted in faeces as a potential indicator of pregnancy

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC Larter ◽  
P Arcese ◽  
R Rajamahendran ◽  
CC Gates
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Potential Indicator ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Wood Bison ◽  
Free Ranging

We measured the concentration of immunoreactive progestins extracted from 41 faecal samples of female wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) as a potential indicator of pregnancy. The concentration of faecal progestins fell into two distinct groups, with an approximate 4-fold difference in mean progestin level (1391.9ng g-1 and 58269ng g-1). We suggest that measuring progestin concentration in the faeces of free-ranging animals is a non-invasive method that could be used to assess pregnancy rate.

Investigating a Non-Invasive Method of Measuring the Quality of Latent Hazard Schemas of Novice Teen and Experienced Adult Drivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Katrahmani ◽  
Matthew Romoser ◽  
Siby Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Verbal Protocol ◽  
Verbal Protocols ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Schema Development ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Hazardous Element ◽  
Experienced Adult

The main objective of this study was to investigate the development of a non-invasive tool for assessing the quality of a driver’s latent hazard schema. Verbal and eye tracking protocols were mapped to Endsley’s model of situation awareness (SA) as a means of measuring schema development. Participants were asked to drive a simulator with various hazard scenarios. Verbal protocol results showed that teenswere less likely to verbally associate subtle cues and accurately state what ‘could happen’. The verbal protocols of teens consisted primarily of simple statements of what was happening and what they were currently doing. Whereas, experienced drivers’ verbal protocols indicated higher levels of processing of the driving environment and contained projections of what could happen. In mapping driver commentary and eye glances for potential hazards in which the hazardous element is hidden from view, experienced adult drivers achieved overall higher level of situation awareness than teen drivers.

scholarly journals Using a Microwave Sensor as an Online Indicator of Neurological Impairment during Surgical Procedures

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 368-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung H. Goh ◽  
Alex Mason ◽  
Mark Field ◽  
Paul Browning ◽  
Ahmed Al-Shamma'a
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Microwave Sensor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm Surgery ◽  
Online Methods

Lactate is known to be an indicator of neurological impairment during aortic aneurysm surgery. It is suggested that analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removed during such surgery could provide useful information in this regard. Medical professionals find the prospect of online detection of such analytes exciting, as current practice is time consuming and leads to multiple invasive procedures. Advancing from the current laboratory based analysis techniques to online methods could provide the basis for improved treatment regimes, better quality of care, and enhanced resource efficiency within hospitals. Accordingly, this article considers the use of a low power microwave sensor to detect varying lactate concentrations. Microwave sensors provide a rapid non-invasive method of material analysis, which is robust, cost-effective, and has huge potential for a wide range of biomedical applications.

scholarly journals STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE LONG-TERM CARDIAC IMPLANT SITE HEALTH: CURRENT UPDATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan ◽  
Gayathri Ananyajyothi Ambat ◽  
Nihaz Nazer ◽  
Y A Nazer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Cardiac Pacemakers ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) are used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitation purposes. Implants and devices improve the quality of life and well-being of the recipient. These include cardiac pacemakers (for controlling heart rhythm), ventricular assist devices (heart support), spinal cord stimulators (chronic pain management), deep brain stimulators (control symptoms of conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, epilepsy, and depression), cochlear implants (enable hearing) and, more recently, bionic eyes (restore vision). Implant life and strategies to enhance it is of paramount importance. The use of non-invasive techniques like Raman Spectroscopy to match the implant and recipient characteristics and non-invasive diagnosis of rejection would be the way forward.

scholarly journals Effects of active and passive enrichment regimes on fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in captive Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirali Panchal ◽  
Chena Desai ◽  
Ratna Ghosal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Type I ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cage Size ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid

Environmental enrichment improves health and wellbeing of zoo animals. To test this hypothesis, we used Indian leopards, one of the popular zoo animals, as a model system to understand effects of active (interacting) and passive (noninteracting) enrichment elements on stress hormone levels of captive individuals. We included three enrichment categories, category ‘A’ (having both active: large size cage, and passive: controlled temperature, playback of forest sounds and sound proof glasses to filter visitors’ noise, enrichment elements), category ‘B’ (active enrichment type I, small size cage with air coolers), and category C (active enrichment type II, medium size cage without air coolers) for the leopards (n=14) housed in two Indian zoos. We standardized a non-invasive method to measure fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) levels in captive leopards. The standardized fGCM assay was further validated by analysing samples from free-ranging leopards, as well. The fGCM levels (Mean±SE) were 10.45±2.01 and 0.95±0.003μg/g dry wt of feces in captive and free-ranging leopards, respectively. Our results demonstrated that fGCM levels of leopards in categories B and C were significantly (P<0.05) different from each other, thus, indicating cage size (an active enrichment element) as an important factor in influencing the physiology of the sampled animals. Overall, the findings of the study will contribute towards informing policies for management of the Indian leopards.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Imaging versus Radiographs in Differentiating Periapical Lesions: A Systematic Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Shankargouda Patil ◽  
Ahmed Alkahtani ◽  
Shilpa Bhandi ◽  
Mohammed Mashyakhy ◽  
Mario Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Endodontic Infection ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Invasive Method

Background: Ultrasonography is a non-invasive method of diagnosing periapical lesions while radiologic methods are more common. Periapical lesions due to endodontic infection are one of the most common causes of periapical radiolucency that need to be distinguished to help determine the course of treatment. This review aimed to examine the accuracy of ultrasound and compare it to radiographs in distinguishing these lesions in vivo. Methods: This review process followed the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) was conducted without any restrictions on time. Articles available in English were included. The selection was done according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. Results: The search provided a total of 87 articles, out of which, five were selected for the final review. In all the studies, ultrasound had higher accuracy in distinguishing periapical lesions. All the studies indicated a risk of bias, especially in patient selection. Conclusion: Within limitations, the study indicates that ultrasound is a better diagnostic tool to distinguish periapical lesions compared to radiographs but further studies with well-designed, rigorous protocols and low risk of bias are needed to provide stronger evidence.

scholarly journals Relative Gene Expression Analysis from Urine Samples of Patients with Prostate Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Jasmin Ramić ◽  
Benjamin Kulovac ◽  
Naida Lojo-Kadrić ◽  
Maida Hadžić ◽  
Naris Pojskić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Relative Gene

Conventional screening and diagnostic procedures in prostate complaints rely on PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) concentration which is not specific for prostate cancer and frequently leads to unnecessary invasive procedures in order to exclude malignant disease. It is estimated that approximately 50% of persons who underwent tissue biopsy did so based on false positive PSA value. Therefore a proper and timely differential diagnosis of malignant disease using non-invasive techniques remains one of the biggest challenges in medicine. Urine is the invaluable source of biological information contained in small molecules i.e. RNA that is easily accessible and detectable using molecular genetics techniques. We describe economical and fast method for relative expression analysis applicable to any target gene using urine as a sample. Efficient non-invasive method for identification of malignant or high risk cases prove useful in reduction of patient distress during the diagnostic procedure and significantly reduce healthcare costs.

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