scholarly journals Relative Gene Expression Analysis from Urine Samples of Patients with Prostate Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Jasmin Ramić ◽  
Benjamin Kulovac ◽  
Naida Lojo-Kadrić ◽  
Maida Hadžić ◽  
Naris Pojskić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Relative Gene

Conventional screening and diagnostic procedures in prostate complaints rely on PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) concentration which is not specific for prostate cancer and frequently leads to unnecessary invasive procedures in order to exclude malignant disease. It is estimated that approximately 50% of persons who underwent tissue biopsy did so based on false positive PSA value. Therefore a proper and timely differential diagnosis of malignant disease using non-invasive techniques remains one of the biggest challenges in medicine. Urine is the invaluable source of biological information contained in small molecules i.e. RNA that is easily accessible and detectable using molecular genetics techniques. We describe economical and fast method for relative expression analysis applicable to any target gene using urine as a sample. Efficient non-invasive method for identification of malignant or high risk cases prove useful in reduction of patient distress during the diagnostic procedure and significantly reduce healthcare costs.

scholarly journals Mid-stream clean catch urine collection in newborns: a non-invasive and safe technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Kumar ◽  
Nithin . ◽  
Sudha Rudrappa
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Safe Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Mean Time

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the success rate and safety of a non-invasive technique to obtain clean-catch midstream urine samples in newborns.Methods: Prospective bedside clinical study. After obtaining written informed consent,120 consecutive newborns admitted in NICU with no dehydration, poor feeding, need for immediate urine sample by invasive method  for whom urine collection was advised for various reasons who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study with consent being taken from the parents. After adequate milk intake supra pubic and lumbar para vertebral areas were stimulated in repeated cycles of 30 s until micturition began.Results: Success rate in obtaining a midstream urine sample within 5 min. The success rate was 90%. The mean time taken to collect urine was 64.24s, for males it was 62.55s and for females 65.93s.Conclusions: The technique has been demonstrated to be safe, quick and effective. The discomfort and time consumption usually associated with bag collection methods as well as invasive techniques can be avoided.

scholarly journals Diagnostic methods for extra-temporal neocortical focal epilepsies: present and future

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo André Amorim Leite ◽  
Maria Concépcion Garcia Otaduy ◽  
Gilson Edmar Gonçalves e Silva ◽  
Maria Lúcia Brito Ferreira ◽  
Maria de Fátima Vasco Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Proton Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Video Eeg

The progress of epilepsies diagnosis has been great, but, amongst the diagnostic detailing that demand research, one of the most important is the essential lateralization and localization of epileptogenic zone, considered as the cerebral cortex region, that removed, will result in a free state of seizures. The present study aims to analyze the possible uses of proton spectroscopy for clinical and pre-surgical evaluation of focal extratemporal epilepsies, since this group presents the highest difficulty degree for lateralizing and locating epileptogenic zones. In almost all cases, a non invasive diagnosis can be performed using routine electroencephalography, video-electroencephalography - considered as gold standard, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, when the results of these exams are contradictory, some patients need invasive techniques, as the intra-cranial video-EEG, using deep electrodes, sub-dural strip and grid, that are associated with increased diagnostic cost and risk of complications, as cerebral hemorrhages and intra-cranial infections. Proton spectroscopy appears as a possibility, given its capacity to evaluate cerebral metabolism, by N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre) and choline (Cho) concentrations, amongst other metabolites. This non invasive method may provide time reduction of this evaluation and reliable level improvement for this topographical diagnosis.

scholarly journals Highly Versatile, Non-Invasive Method for Collecting Buccal DNA from Free-Ranging Non-Human Primates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aru Toyoda ◽  
Kazunari Matsudaira ◽  
Tamaki Maruhashi ◽  
Suchinda Malaivijitnond ◽  
Yoshi Kawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Allelic Dropout ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Free Ranging

ABSTRACTNon-invasive techniques for collection of DNA samples of suitable quality and quantity are important for improving the efficiency of genetic wildlife research. The development of a non-invasive method for collection of DNA samples from wild stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) is described herein. Polyester rope was cut into 10 cm pieces, which were then soaked in a 20% sugar solution to bait individuals. Rope swabs were immediately collected and transferred to a lysis buffer solution after subjects had picked up, chewed, and discarded them. DNA was later extracted from the buffer. Quantitative real-time PCR and both allelic dropout and genotype failure rates were used to compare the quantity and quality of the buccal DNA samples to those of intestinal slough cell DNA samples collected from freshly dropped feces. The buccal samples yielded significantly more DNA (27.1 ± 33.8 ng/μL) than did the fecal samples (11.4 ± 15.4 ng/μL) and exhibited lower allelic dropout and genotyping failure rates for the 10 autosomal microsatellites investigated. Buccal cell collection was also simple, inexpensive, reliable, and less time-consuming compared to fecal sampling. Thus, this method should facilitate genome-wide studies of non-human primates and other wildlife species.

The Impact of Advances in Dental Sciences on Primary Dental Care

2000 ◽  
Vol os7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crispian Scully
Keyword(s):  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Information Revolution ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
The Impact

The next century will see phenomenal changes especially and, most importantly, in patient empowerment, in the improvement of health in the disadvantaged, and in the harmonisation of standards of healthcare throughout the world. Advances in the dental sciences will facilitate these improvements but the major changes surely will be largely stimulated and motivated by the information revolution and the advances in molecular and materials sciences. The identification, and protection against disease, of patients who, because of a genetic predisposition, are at particular risk of disease is likely to become possible. Simple, sensitive, effective, non-invasive and safe diagnostic procedures will become available, as will chairside diagnostic test kits that would identify specific microorganisms causal of oral disease. The advances in digital imaging will be taken further and linked to record-keeping. Specific safe agents targeted at responsible microorganisms will be devised, and systems to deliver therapeutic agents effectively and prevent tissue damage simply will be perfected. Painless, minimally-invasive techniques for the removal of diseased oral tissues will become available, as will biocompatible materials for replacement of lost oral tissues.

Faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in the free-ranging bandicoots (Perameles nasuta and Isoodon obesulus) of northern Sydney

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Dowle ◽  
Koa N. Webster ◽  
Elizabeth Deane
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Competition For Resources ◽  
Ectoparasite Load

Knowledge of how animals cope with their environment is fundamental to the management of free-ranging populations. Urban animals face increased competition for resources, habitat fragmentation and predation. These pressures may impact an individual’s welfare by releasing glucocorticoid hormones in the blood through a response from the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, resulting in altered energy storage and utilisation. This study aimed to determine the applicability of measuring faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in free-ranging bandicoots by using a simple enzyme immunoassay. We used long-nosed and southern brown bandicoots in northern Sydney to investigate whether environmental and demographic variables can influence faecal glucocorticoid metabolites. Long-nosed bandicoots showed similar faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations between suburban backyards and National Park populations. Higher faecal glucocorticoid metabolites were recorded in female southern brown bandicoots than in males, whilst female and male long-nosed bandicoots had similar glucocorticoid metabolite levels. Ectoparasite load, body condition and season did not influence faecal glucocorticoid metabolites. This non-invasive method has a broad application and can be used to provide biological information to guide management of populations within a conservation context.

scholarly journals Measurement of Fecal Testosterone Metabolites in Mice: Replacement of Invasive Techniques

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin E. Auer ◽  
Marius Kußmaul ◽  
Erich Möstl ◽  
Katharina Hohlbaum ◽  
Thomas Rülicke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuations ◽  
Testosterone Metabolites ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Fecal Testosterone

Testosterone is the main reproductive hormone in male vertebrates and conventional methods to measure testosterone rely on invasive blood sampling procedures. Here, we aimed to establish a non-invasive alternative by assessing testosterone metabolites (TMs) in fecal and urinary samples in mice. We performed a radiometabolism study to determine the effects of daytime and sex on the metabolism and excretion pattern of radiolabeled TMs. We performed physiological and biological validations of the applied EIA to measure TMs and assessed diurnal fluctuations in TM excretions in male and female mice and across strains. We found that males excreted significantly more radiolabeled TMs via the feces (59%) compared to females (49.5%). TM excretion patterns differed significantly between urinary and fecal samples and were affected by the daytime of ³H-testosterone injection. Overall, TM excretion occurred faster in urinary than fecal samples. Peak excretion of fecal TMs occurred after 8 h when animals received the 3H-testosterone in the morning, or after 4 h when they received the 3H-testosterone injection in the evening. Daytime had no effect on the formed TMs; however, males and females formed different types of TMs. As expected, males showed higher fecal TM levels than females. Males also showed diurnal fluctuations in their TM levels but we found no differences in the TM levels of C57BL/6J and B6D2F1 hybrid males. Finally, we successfully validated our applied EIA (measuring 17β-hydroxyandrostane) by showing that hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) administration increased TM levels, whereas castration reduced them. In conclusion, our EIA proved suitable for measuring fecal TMs in mice. Our non-invasive method to assess fecal TMs can be widely used in various research disciplines like animal behavior, reproduction, animal welfare, ecology, conservation, and biomedicine.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Prostate Cancer Detection by Measuring Expression Level of miR-21 and miR-214 in Urine

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Emamvirdizadeh ◽  
Faranak Jamshidian ◽  
Maliheh Entezari ◽  
Saghi Nooraei ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. Diagnosis in this cancer is primarily done, using aggressive methods such as biopsy. Laboratory methods, such as the measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood, do not have high sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of diagnostic biomarkers, can diagnose diseases such as cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA with a length of 21 to 23 nucleotides. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine of patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy controls. Methods: A total of 70 urine samples from prostate cancer patients (32 metastatic and 38 non-metastatic) and 30 from healthy subjects with negative biopsy reports were collected. The expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: miR-21 showed a significant increase in expression (P = 0.003) and miR-214 showed a significant decrease in expression (P = 0.000) compared with the control group. The specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve (AUC) were 100, 72.14, and 0.721% for combined panels of miR-21 and miR-214 and 63.33, 61.43, and 0.620%, respectively, for PSA. Conclusions: miR-21 and miR-214 showed significant change in expression in patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy subjects. It is hoped that, with further research, a combined panel of miR-21 and miR-214 can be used as a non-invasive method for detecting prostate cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity than the PSA test.

scholarly journals Non‑invasive prostate cancer detection by measuring expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in urine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Emamvirdizadeh ◽  
Faranak Jamshidian ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi ◽  
Saghi Nooraei ◽  
Maliheh Entezari
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Detect Prostate Cancer ◽  
Group A

Abstract Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. Diagnosis in this cancer is primarily done using aggressive methods, such as biopsy. Laboratory methods, such as measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the blood, do not have high sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs, a group of diagnostic biomarkers, can be used to diagnose diseases such as cancer. MicroRNA is small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA with a length of 21-23 nucleotides. The present study was undertaken to investigate changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine to detect prostate cancer. Methods: Testing was done on 70 urine samples from prostate cancer patients (32 metastatic and 38 non-metastatic) and 30 from healthy individuals with negative biopsy reports as the control group. Changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine were investigated by using qRT-PCR. Results: miR-21 showed a significant increase in expression (p = 0.003) and miR-214 showed a significant decrease in expression (p = 0.000) over the results of the control group. The specificity, sensitivity and AUC for combined panels of both microRNAs were 100%, 72.14% and 0.721 and for PSA were 63.33%, 61.43% and 0.620, respectively. Conclusions: The results show that miR-21 and miR-214 show significant changes in expression in patients with prostate cancer compared to the control group. A combined panel of miR-21 and miR-214 can be used as a non-invasive method for detecting prostate cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity than the PSA test.

scholarly journals Non – Invasive Haemoglobin Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 729-733
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Haemoglobin Measurement ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Invasive Measurement

Haemoglobin is one of the main constituents in characterizing the physiological condition of a human body. Currently, invasive techniques which are being used, are not suitable for real-time continuous monitoring and also include delay. On the other hand, the non-invasive method of haemoglobin measurement ensures painless and continuous real-time monitoring. This paper discusses the method and technique involved in designing a prototype for the non-invasive measurement of haemoglobin.

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

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