scholarly journals Increased accuracy of signaling by hyperbolic odorant mixtures in a beneficial insect-plant relationship

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Ghaninia ◽  
Anina C. Knauer ◽  
Florian P. Schiestl ◽  
Tatyana O. Sharpee ◽  
Brian H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Space ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Odor Mixture ◽  
Beneficial Insect ◽  
Odor Space ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Linear Shape

AbstractAnimals use odors in many natural contexts, for example, for finding mates or food, or signaling danger. Analyses of natural odors search for either the most meaningful components of a natural odor mixture, or they use linear metrics to analyze the mixture compositions. Both analyses assume that the odor space itself is Euclidian, like visual and auditory spaces. However, we have recently shown that the physical space for complex mixtures is ‘hyperbolic’ – curved – because of the correlations that arise in biosynthetic pathways. Here we shown that the shape of the space for flowers (Brassica rapa) using an existing data set can also be better described with a hyperbolic rather than a linear shape, and that components in the space correlate to the nectar and pollen resource sought by bee pollinators. We also show that honey bee and bumble bee antennae can detect most components of the B. rapa odor space. We argue that further investigation of the implications of hyperbolic space can have important implications for how sensory systems have evolved to encode the space.

scholarly journals Relative Astrometry with Imaging Transit Telescopes

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
G. F. Benedict ◽  
J. T. McGraw ◽  
T. R. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Standard Errors ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Existing Data

A CCD/Transit Instrument (CTI) has produced relative astrometry with standard errors less than 2.6% of a 1.55 arcsecond pixel for stars with V ≤ 17. Additional astrometric studies with existing data are required to better understand the ultimate contribution these devices can make to our science.The CTI is presently dismantled, awaiting a move to a new site. We briefly discuss the potential astrometric scientific returns from the exisiting data set, from a refurbished CTI, and from a similar device emplaced on the Moon.

Estimating clinical chemistry reference values based on an existing data set of unselected animals

2008 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Dimauro ◽  
Piero Bonelli ◽  
Paola Nicolussi ◽  
Salvatore P.G. Rassu ◽  
Aldo Cappio-Borlino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Existing Data

scholarly journals Serving up mealtime strategies : how families experience dementia in the community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Wickson
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spousal Caregivers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Adult Caregivers ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Existing Data

The mealtime experiences for people with dementia and their caregivers living in the community has not been extensively explored. An existing data set provided information on the mealtime strategies used to cope with changing dementia behaviours. A secondary analysis of data from 10 dyads of people with dementia and their caregivers were analyzed. Four categories were identified including: Strategies to facilitate eating; Strategies to promote a sense of self; Stategies to minimize risk; and Strategies to promote caregiver well-being. The dyads used a variety of strategies that were common to all stages of dementia; however by the late stages, the dyads used more specific strategies. In general, the mealtime strategies used by adult caregivers and spousal caregivers did not greatly differ but rather the context in which they engaged in mealtimes did. The results demonstrated that there are opportunities to educate families and professionals about potential mealtime strategies.

scholarly journals How to Automatically Document Data With the codebook Package to Facilitate Data Reuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben C. Arslan
Keyword(s):  
R Package ◽  
Data Reuse ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Psychological Scales ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Data Documentation ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Basic Standards ◽  
Existing Data

Data documentation in psychology lags behind not only many other disciplines, but also basic standards of usefulness. Psychological scientists often prefer to invest the time and effort that would be necessary to document existing data well in other duties, such as writing and collecting more data. Codebooks therefore tend to be unstandardized and stored in proprietary formats, and they are rarely properly indexed in search engines. This means that rich data sets are sometimes used only once—by their creators—and left to disappear into oblivion. Even if they can find an existing data set, researchers are unlikely to publish analyses based on it if they cannot be confident that they understand it well enough. My codebook package makes it easier to generate rich metadata in human- and machine-readable codebooks. It uses metadata from existing sources and automates some tedious tasks, such as documenting psychological scales and reliabilities, summarizing descriptive statistics, and identifying patterns of missingness. The codebook R package and Web app make it possible to generate a rich codebook in a few minutes and just three clicks. Over time, its use could lead to psychological data becoming findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable, thereby reducing research waste and benefiting both its users and the scientific community as a whole.

scholarly journals Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Effects for the Mesolithic and Medieval Periods in the Western Isles of Scotland

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippa L Ascough ◽  
Mike J Church ◽  
Gordon T Cook
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Cold Event ◽  
Data Set ◽  
C Dynamics ◽  
Probability Density Function Pdf ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractThis article presents new values for the Scottish marine radiocarbon reservoir effect (MRE) during the Mesolithic at 4540–4240 BC (6490–6190 BP) and the Medieval period at AD 1460–1630 (490–320 BP). The results give a ΔR of –126±3914C yr for the Mesolithic and of –130±3614C yr for the Medieval. We recalculate previously published MRE values for the earlier Holocene in this region, at 6480–6290 BC (8430–8180 BP). Here, MRE values are slightly elevated, with a ΔR of 64±4114C yr, possibly relating to the 8.2ka BP cold event. New values for the Mesolithic and Medieval indicate lower MRE values, broadly consistent with an existing data set of 37 mid- to late Holocene assessments for Scottish waters, indicating stable ocean conditions. We compare the intercept and probability density function (PDF) methods for assessing ΔR. The ΔR values are indistinguishable, but confidence intervals are slightly larger with the PDF method. We therefore apply this more conservative method to calculate ΔR. The MRE values presented fill important gaps in understanding Scottish marine14C dynamics, providing confidence when calibrating material from critical periods in Scotland’s prehistory, particularly the Mesolithic, when the use of marine resources by coastal populations was high.

A comparative SEM study of the eggs of the Sepsidae (Diptera) with a cladistic analysis based on egg, larval and adult characters

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Meier
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Egg Morphology ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe eggs of 21 species in 12 genera of Sepsidae were studied using scanning electron microscopy. All but the eggs of Ortalischema have respiratory filaments which aid in gas exchange. Judged by positional differences and the lack of a central canal, the two filaments of Orygma are not homologous to the single filament of most remaining sepsids. Hinton's hypothesis that egg filaments are plesiomorphic for the Sepsidae is therefore rejected. Three egg characters are added to an existing data set comprising 58 taxa and 85 larval and adult characters. The egg characters allow the unambiguous placement of Lasionemopoda, for which the larval and adult data set had suggested two different positions on equally parsimonious trees. Based on the position of Lasionemopoda, the evolution of the fore femora of the Sepsidae is briefly discussed. The egg morphology of the Sepsidae is also compared to the morphology of drosophiline eggs which also have egg filaments.

scholarly journals Bees Assorter

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Himanshu Verma
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Difference

Many attempts were made to classify the bees that is bumble bee or honey bee , there have been such a large amount of researches which were made to seek out the difference between them on the premise of various features like wing size , size of bee , color, life cycle and many more. But altogether the analysis there have been either that specialize in qualitative or quantitative , but to beat this issue , thus researchers came up with an answer which might be both qualitative and quantitative analysis made to classify them. And making use of machine learning algorithm to classify them gives a lift . Now the classification would take less time as these algorithms are pretty fast and accurate . By using machine learning work is made easy . Lots of photographs had to be collected and stored for data set. And by using these machine learning algorithms we would be getting information about the bees which might be employed by researchers in further classification of bees. Manipulation of images had to be done so as on prepare them in such a way that they will be applied to the algorithms and have feature extraction done. As there have been a lot of photographs(data set) which take a lot of space and also the area in which bees were present in these photographs were too small so to accommodate it dimension reduction was done , it might not consider other images like trees , leaves , flowers which were there present in the photograph which we elect as a data set.

scholarly journals Recovery of deleted deep sequencing data sheds more light on the early Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 epidemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse D Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Deep Sequencing Data ◽  
Sequence Read Archive ◽  
Bat Coronavirus ◽  
Existing Data

The origin and early spread of SARS-CoV-2 remains shrouded in mystery. Here I identify a data set containing SARS-CoV-2 sequences from early in the Wuhan epidemic that has been deleted from the NIH's Sequence Read Archive. I recover the deleted files from the Google Cloud, and reconstruct partial sequences of 13 early epidemic viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences in the context of carefully annotated existing data suggests that the Huanan Seafood Market sequences that are the focus of the joint WHO-China report are not fully representative of the viruses in Wuhan early in the epidemic. Instead, the progenitor of known SARS-CoV-2 sequences likely contained three mutations relative to the market viruses that made it more similar to SARS-CoV-2's bat coronavirus relatives.

scholarly journals Current Topics in Avian Conservation Genetics with Special Reference to the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Robert M. Zink
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Avian Conservation ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Willow Flycatcher ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Conservation Decisions

It is sometimes said that scientists are entitled to their own opinions but not their own set of facts. This suggests that application of the scientific method ought to lead to a single conclusion from a given set of data. However, sometimes scientists have conflicting opinions about which analytical methods are most appropriate or which subsets of existing data are most relevant, resulting in different conclusions. Thus, scientists might actually lay claim to different sets of facts. However, if a contrary conclusion is reached by selecting a subset of data, this conclusion should be carefully scrutinized to determine whether consideration of the full data set leads to different conclusions. This is important because conservation agencies are required to consider all of the best available data and make a decision based on them. Therefore, exploring reasons why different conclusions are reached from the same body of data has relevance for management of species. The purpose of this paper was to explore how two groups of researchers can examine the same data and reach opposite conclusions in the case of the taxonomy of the endangered subspecies Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus). It was shown that use of subsets of data and characters rather than reliance on entire data sets can explain conflicting conclusions. It was recommend that agencies tasked with making conservation decisions rely on analyses that include all relevant molecular, ecological, behavioral, and morphological data, which in this case show that the subspecies is not valid, and hence its listing is likely not warranted.

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