scholarly journals Trust, threats, and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway and Sweden: A comparative survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise M. Helsingen ◽  
Erle Refsum ◽  
Dagryn Kyte Gjostein ◽  
Magnus Loberg ◽  
Michael Bretthauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
And Control

Objectives: Norway and Sweden, two neighboring countries with similar populations, health care systems and socioeconomics, have reacted differently to the COVID-19 pandemic. Norway closed all kindergartens, schools and universities, and banned sports and cultural activities, while Sweden kept most institutions and trainings facilities open. We aimed to compare peoples' attitudes towards authorities and control measures, and effects on life in Norway and Sweden. Design: Anonymous web-based surveys for individuals age 15 or older distributed through Facebook using the snowball method. Setting: Norway and Sweden, mid-March to mid-April, 2020. Participants: Altogether, 3,508 individuals participated in the survey; 3000 in Norway and 508 in Sweden. 79% of the participants were women, 60% of the Norwegians and 47% of the Swedes were between 30-49 years, and around 45% of the participants in both countries had more than 4 years of higher education. Outcome measures: Perceived threat of the pandemic, views on infection control measures, and impact on daily life. We performed descriptive analyses of the responses and compared the two countries. Results: People had high trust in the health services in both countries, but differed in the degree of trust in their government (17% had high trust in Norway and 37% in Sweden). More Norwegians than Swedes agreed that school closure was a good measure (66% Norway and 18% in Sweden), and that countries with open schools were irresponsible (65% in Norway and 23% in Sweden). About the same amount responded that COVID-19 was a large to very large threat to the population (53% in Norway and 58% in Sweden), whereas more Norwegians than Swedes responded that the threat from repercussions of the mitigation measures were large or very large (71% in Norway and 56% in Sweden). Compliance with infection preventive measures was high and similar in the two countries (more than 98%). In Norway, 69% lived a more sedentary life during the pandemic versus 50% in Sweden; and Norwegians reported they ate more than Swedes (44% in Norway and 33% in Sweden). Conclusion: Sweden, with less restrictive measures against the COVID-19 pandemic, had a higher level of trust in the authorities, while Norwegians reported a more negative lifestyle during the pandemic. The level of trust in the health care system and self-reported compliance with preventive measures was high in both countries.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic in Norway and Sweden – threats, trust, and impact on daily life: A comparative survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Helsingen ◽  
Erle Refsum ◽  
Dagrun Kyte Gjøstein ◽  
Magnus Løberg ◽  
Michael Bretthauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Background: Norway and Sweden have similar populations and health care systems, but different reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Norway closed educational institutions, and banned sports and cultural activities; Sweden kept most institutions and training facilities open. We aimed to compare peoples’ attitudes towards authorities and control measures, and perceived impact of the pandemic and implemented control measures on life in Norway and Sweden.Methods: Anonymous web-based surveys for individuals age 15 or older distributed through Facebook using the snowball method, in Norway and Sweden from mid-March to mid-April, 2020. The survey contained questions about perceived threat of the pandemic, views on infection control measures, and impact on daily life. We performed descriptive analyses of the responses and compared the two countries.Results: 3,508 individuals participated in the survey (Norway 3000; Sweden 508). 79% were women, the majority were 30-49 years (Norway 60%; Sweden 47%), and about 45% of the participants in both countries had more than four years of higher education.Participants had high trust in the health services, but differed in the degree of trust in their government (High trust in Norway 17%; Sweden 37%). More Norwegians than Swedes agreed that school closure was a good measure (Norway 66%; Sweden 18%), that countries with open schools were irresponsible (Norway 65%; Sweden 23%), and that the threat from repercussions of the mitigation measures were large or very large (Norway 71%; Sweden 56%). Both countries had a high compliance with infection preventive measures (> 98%). Many lived a more sedentary life (Norway 69%; Sweden 50%) and ate more (Norway 44%; Sweden 33%) during the pandemic. Conclusion: Sweden had more trust in the authorities, while Norwegians reported a more negative lifestyle during the pandemic. The level of trust in the health care system and self-reported compliance with preventive measures was high in both countries despite the differences in infection control measures.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic in Norway and Sweden – threats, trust, and impact on daily life: a comparative survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise M. Helsingen ◽  
◽  
Erle Refsum ◽  
Dagrun Kyte Gjøstein ◽  
Magnus Løberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Background Norway and Sweden have similar populations and health care systems, but different reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Norway closed educational institutions, and banned sports and cultural activities; Sweden kept most institutions and training facilities open. We aimed to compare peoples’ attitudes towards authorities and control measures, and perceived impact of the pandemic and implemented control measures on life in Norway and Sweden. Methods Anonymous web-based surveys for individuals age 15 or older distributed through Facebook using the snowball method, in Norway and Sweden from mid-March to mid-April, 2020. The survey contained questions about perceived threat of the pandemic, views on infection control measures, and impact on daily life. We performed descriptive analyses of the responses and compared the two countries. Results 3508 individuals participated in the survey (Norway 3000; Sweden 508). 79% were women, the majority were 30–49 years (Norway 60%; Sweden 47%), and about 45% of the participants in both countries had more than 4 years of higher education. Participants had high trust in the health services, but differed in the degree of trust in their government (High trust in Norway 17%; Sweden 37%). More Norwegians than Swedes agreed that school closure was a good measure (Norway 66%; Sweden 18%), that countries with open schools were irresponsible (Norway 65%; Sweden 23%), and that the threat from repercussions of the mitigation measures were large or very large (Norway 71%; Sweden 56%). Both countries had a high compliance with infection preventive measures (> 98%). Many lived a more sedentary life (Norway 69%; Sweden 50%) and ate more (Norway 44%; Sweden 33%) during the pandemic. Conclusion Sweden had more trust in the authorities, while Norwegians reported a more negative lifestyle during the pandemic. The level of trust in the health care system and self-reported compliance with preventive measures was high in both countries despite the differences in infection control measures.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic in Norway and Sweden – threats, trust, and impact on daily life: A comparative survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Helsingen ◽  
Erle Refsum ◽  
Dagrun Kyte Gjøstein ◽  
Magnus Løberg ◽  
Michael Bretthauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Background: Norway and Sweden have similar populations and health care systems, but different reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Norway closed educational institutions, and banned sports and cultural activities; Sweden kept most institutions and training facilities open. We aimed to compare peoples’ attitudes towards authorities and control measures, and perceived impact of the pandemic and implemented control measures on life in Norway and Sweden. Methods: Anonymous web-based surveys for individuals age 15 or older distributed through Facebook using the snowball method, in Norway and Sweden from mid-March to mid-April, 2020. The survey contained questions about perceived threat of the pandemic, views on infection control measures, and impact on daily life. We performed descriptive analyses of the responses and compared the two countries. Results: 3,508 individuals participated in the survey (Norway 3000; Sweden 508). 79% were women, the majority were 30-49 years (Norway 60%; Sweden 47%), and about 45% of the participants in both countries had more than four years of higher education. Participants had high trust in the health services, but differed in the degree of trust in their government (High trust in Norway 17%; Sweden 37%). More Norwegians than Swedes agreed that school closure was a good measure (Norway 66%; Sweden 18%), that countries with open schools were irresponsible (Norway 65%; Sweden 23%), and that the threat from repercussions of the mitigation measures were large or very large (Norway 71%; Sweden 56%). Both countries had a high compliance with infection preventive measures (> 98%). Many lived a more sedentary life (Norway 69%; Sweden 50%) and ate more (Norway 44%; Sweden 33%) during the pandemic. Conclusion: Sweden had more trust in the authorities, while Norwegians reported a more negative lifestyle during the pandemic. The level of trust in the health care system and self-reported compliance with preventive measures was high in both countries despite the differences in infection control measures.

scholarly journals Οικονομική αξιολόγηση του ελληνικού συστήματος υγείας

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Νικόλαος Πολύζος ◽  
Στυλιανός Δρακόπουλος
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Main Element ◽  
International Context ◽  
Continuous Evaluation ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Continuous Measures

<p>International analysis of macro-economic<br />indicators is the main element of economic<br />evaluation of health care systems. Health<br />expenditures have continuously increased<br />both in Greece and in the international context,<br />despite the continuous measures and the<br />reforms. Public fi nancing has remained<br />stable, while private fi nancing has gone<br />up. This situation is even worse in Greece,<br />where serious fi nancial inequalities, either<br />regionally, or among various social insurance<br />funds are predominant. Continuous evaluation<br />and control measures, along with a total<br />reconsideration and reform of fi nancing in<br />the health fi eld of our country will provide the<br />much needed solutions.</p>

scholarly journals Trust, threats, and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway and Sweden – a comparative survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Helsingen ◽  
Erle Refsum ◽  
Dagrun Kyte Gjøstein ◽  
Magnus Løberg ◽  
Michael Bretthauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Comparative Survey ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Training

Abstract Background Norway and Sweden have similar populations and health care systems, but different reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Norway closed educational institutions, and banned sports and cultural activities; Sweden kept most institutions and training facilities open. We aimed to compare peoples’ attitudes towards authorities and control measures, and effects on life in Norway and Sweden.Methods Anonymous web-based surveys for individuals age 15 or older distributed through Facebook using the snowball method, in Norway and Sweden from mid-March to mid-April, 2020. The survey contained questions about perceived threat of the pandemic, views on infection control measures, and impact on daily life. We performed descriptive analyses of the responses and compared the two countries.Results 3,508 individuals participated in the survey (Norway 3000; Sweden 508). 79% were women, the majority were 30–49 years (Norway 60%; Sweden 47%), and about 45% of the participants in both countries had more than four years of higher education.

scholarly journals Potential impact of seasonal forcing on a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Neher ◽  
Robert Dyrdak ◽  
Valentin Druelle ◽  
Emma B. Hodcroft ◽  
Jan Albert
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Small Peak ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) first detected in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly since December 2019, causing more than 80,000 confirmed infections and 2,700 fatalities (as of Feb 27, 2020). Imported cases and transmission clusters of various sizes have been reported globally suggesting a pandemic is likely.Here, we explore how seasonal variation in transmissibility could modulate a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data from routine diagnostics show a strong and consistent seasonal variation of the four endemic coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, NL63, OC43) and we parameterize our model for SARS-CoV-2 using these data. The model allows for many subpopulations of different size with variable parameters. Simulations of different scenarios show that plausible parameters result in a small peak in early 2020 in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and a larger peak in winter 2020/2021. Variation in transmission and migration rates can result in substantial variation in prevalence between regions.While the uncertainty in parameters is large, the scenarios we explore show that transient reductions in the incidence rate might be due to a combination of seasonal variation and infection control efforts but do not necessarily mean the epidemic is contained. Seasonal forcing on SARS-CoV-2 should thus be taken into account in the further monitoring of the global transmission. The likely aggregated effect of seasonal variation, infection control measures, and transmission rate variation is a prolonged pandemic wave with lower prevalence at any given time, thereby providing a window of opportunity for better preparation of health care systems.

scholarly journals The Cholera Epidemic of 1907 and the Formation of Colonial Epidemic Control Systems in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-578
Author(s):  
Kyu Won LEE
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Epidemic Control ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Crown Prince

It was in 1907 when Korea was annexed by Japan in the field of health care systems as the Gwangje Hospital, Uihakgyo the National Medical School and the Korean Red Cross Hospital were merged into the colonial Daehan Hospital, and massive cholera epidemic controls by the Japanese Army were enforced. However, despite their importance, the cholera epidemic of 1907 in Korea and preventive measures taken at that time have not yet been studied extensively as a single research subject. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a more concrete and broader understanding of the Korea-Japan annexation of health care systems under the rule of the Japanese Resident-General of Korea by revealing new facts and correcting existing errors. In 1907, cholera was transmitted to Korea from China and Japan and spread across the Korean Peninsula, resulting in a major public health crisis, perhaps one of the most serious cholera outbreaks in the twentieth century Korea. Although Busan and Pyeongyang were the cities most infected with cholera, the targets for the most intensive interventions were Gyeongseong (Seoul) and Incheon, where the Japanese Crown Prince were supposed to make a visit. The Japanese police commissioner took several anti-cholera preventive measures in Gyeongseong, including searching out patients, disinfecting and blocking infected areas, and isolating the confirmed or suspected. Nevertheless, cholera was about to be rampant especially among Japanese residents. In this situation, Itō Hirobumi, the first Resident-General of Korea, organized the temporary cholera control headquarters to push ahead the visit of the Japanese Crown Prince for his political purposes to colonize Korea. To dispel Emperor Meiji’s concerns, Itō had to appoint Satō Susumu, the famous Japanese Army Surgeon General, as an advisor, since he had much credit at Court. In addition, as the Japanese-led Korean police lacked epidemic control ability and experience, the headquarters became an improvised organization commanded by the Japanese Army in Korea and wielded great influence on the formation of the colonial disease control systems. Its activities were forced, violent, and negligent, and many Korean people were quite uncooperative in some anti-cholera measures. As a result, the Japanese Army in Korea took the initiative away from the Korean police in epidemic controls, serving the heavy-handed military policy of early colonial period. In short, the cholera epidemic and its control in 1907 were important events that shaped the direction of Japan’s colonial rule.

scholarly journals The Role of Health Technology and Informatics in a Global Public Health Emergency: Practices and Implications From the COVID-19 Pandemic

10.2196/19866 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e19866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
And Control

At present, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading around the world. It is a critical and important task to take thorough efforts to prevent and control the pandemic. Compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, COVID-19 spreads more rapidly owing to increased globalization, a longer incubation period, and unobvious symptoms. As the coronavirus has the characteristics of strong transmission and weak lethality, and since the large-scale increase of infected people may overwhelm health care systems, efforts are needed to treat critical patients, track and manage the health status of residents, and isolate suspected patients. The application of emerging health technologies and digital practices in health care, such as artificial intelligence, telemedicine or telehealth, mobile health, big data, 5G, and the Internet of Things, have become powerful “weapons” to fight against the pandemic and provide strong support in pandemic prevention and control. Applications and evaluations of all of these technologies, practices, and health delivery services are highlighted in this study.

scholarly journals The Role of Health Technology and Informatics in a Global Public Health Emergency: Practices and Implications From the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
And Control

UNSTRUCTURED At present, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading around the world. It is a critical and important task to take thorough efforts to prevent and control the pandemic. Compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, COVID-19 spreads more rapidly owing to increased globalization, a longer incubation period, and unobvious symptoms. As the coronavirus has the characteristics of strong transmission and weak lethality, and since the large-scale increase of infected people may overwhelm health care systems, efforts are needed to treat critical patients, track and manage the health status of residents, and isolate suspected patients. The application of emerging health technologies and digital practices in health care, such as artificial intelligence, telemedicine or telehealth, mobile health, big data, 5G, and the Internet of Things, have become powerful “weapons” to fight against the pandemic and provide strong support in pandemic prevention and control. Applications and evaluations of all of these technologies, practices, and health delivery services are highlighted in this study.

scholarly journals Preventive and Control Measures of COVID-19 Patients: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. S41-S44
Author(s):  
Tarek Mahbub Khan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Chance

Covid19 is an acute respiratory disease which is caused by a novel coronavirus. This virus has been found in January 7, 2020 from China. The virus was previously known as 2019-nCOV. This particular virus is high chance of spread. Preventive measures are very essential for the health care workers. Proper preventive measures can only be applied to stop the spread of this virus. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, April 2020;7(suppl_1):S41-S44

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