scholarly journals Coronatine is More Potent than Jasmonates in Regulating Arabidopsis Circadian Clock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Gao ◽  
Chong Zhang ◽  
Hua Lu
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Host Innate Immunity ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
High Throughput Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Defense

AbstractRecent studies establish a crucial role of the circadian clock in regulating plant defense against pathogens. Whether pathogens modulate host circadian clock as a potential strategy to suppress host innate immunity is not well understood. Coronatine is a toxin produced by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae that is known to counteract Arabidopsis defense through mimicking defense signaling molecules, jasmonates (JAs). We report here that COR preferentially suppresses expression of clock-related genes in high throughput gene expression studies, compared with the plant-derived JA molecule methyl jasmonate (MJ). COR treatment dampens the amplitude and lengthens the period of all four reporters tested while MJ and another JA agonist JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) only affect some reporters. COR, MJ, and JA-Ile act through the canonical JA receptor COI1 in clock regulation. These data support a stronger role of the pathogen-derived molecule COR than plant-derived JA molecules in regulating Arabidopsis clock. Further study shall reveal mechanisms underlying COR regulation of host circadian clock.

scholarly journals Selection of reference genes for measuring the expression of aiiO in Ochrobactrum quorumnocens A44 using RT-qPCR

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota M. Krzyżanowska ◽  
Anna Supernat ◽  
Tomasz Maciąg ◽  
Marta Matuszewska ◽  
Sylwia Jafra
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Significance Threshold ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), a method of choice for quantification of gene expression changes, requires stably expressed reference genes for normalization of data. So far, no reference genes were established for the Alphaproteobacteria of the genus Ochrobactrum. Here, we determined reference genes for gene expression studies in O. quorumnocens A44. Strain A44 was cultured under 10 different conditions and the stability of expression of 11 candidate genes was evaluated using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. Most stably expressed genes were found to be rho, gyrB and rpoD. Our results can facilitate the choice of reference genes in the related Ochrobactrum strains. O. quorumnocens A44 is able to inactivate a broad spectrum of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) – the quorum sensing molecules of many Gram-negative bacteria. This activity is attributed to AiiO hydrolase, yet it remains unclear whether AHLs are the primary substrate of this enzyme. Using the established RT-qPCR setup, we found that the expression of the aiiO gene upon exposure to two AHLs, C6-HLS and 3OC12-HSL, does not change above the 1-fold significance threshold. The implications of this finding are discussed in the light of the role of quorum sensing-interfering enzymes in the host strains.

scholarly journals Circadian Clock Regulates Inflammation and the Development of Neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Lan Wang ◽  
Lianjian Li
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Peripheral Immune Cells

The circadian clock regulates numerous key physiological processes and maintains cellular, tissue, and systemic homeostasis. Disruption of circadian clock machinery influences key activities involved in immune response and brain function. Moreover, Immune activation has been closely linked to neurodegeneration. Here, we review the molecular clock machinery and the diurnal variation of immune activity. We summarize the circadian control of immunity in both central and peripheral immune cells, as well as the circadian regulation of brain cells that are implicated in neurodegeneration. We explore the important role of systemic inflammation on neurodegeneration. The circadian clock modulates cellular metabolism, which could be a mechanism underlying circadian control. We also discuss the circadian interventions implicated in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Targeting circadian clocks could be a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.

Role of Non-PTS dependent glucose permease (GlcU) in maintaining the fitness cost during acquisition of nisin-resistance by Enterococcus faecalis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Kapil Singh Narayan ◽  
Shruti Shandilya ◽  
Shiv Kumar Sood ◽  
Suman Kapila
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Sensitive Strain ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

ABSTRACT Nisin is used for food preservation due to its antibacterial activity. However, some bacteria survive under the prevailing conditions owing to the acquisition of resistance. This study aimed to characterize nisin-resistant E. faecalis isolated from raw buffalo milk and investigate their fitness cost. FE-SEM, biofilm and cytochrome-c assay were used for characterization. Growth kinetics, HPLC, qPCR, and western-blotting were performed to confer their fitness cost. Results revealed that nisin-resistant E. faecalis were morphologically different from sensitive strain and internalize more glucose. However, no significant difference was observed in the growth pattern of the resistant strain compared to that of the sensitive strain. A non-phosphotransferase glucose permease (GlcU) was found to be associated with enhanced glucose uptake. Conversely, Mpt, a major phospho-transferase system responsible for glucose uptake, did not play any role, as confirmed by gene expression studies and western blot analysis of HPr protein. The phosphorylation of His-15 residue of HPr phosphoprotein was reduced, while that of the Ser-46 residue increased with progression in nisin-resistance, indicating that it may be involved in the regulation of pathogenicity. In conclusion, resistance imposes a significant fitness cost and GlcU plays a key role in maintaining the fitness cost in nisin-resistant variants.

259. Reproductive phenotype of the female aromatase overexpressing mouse

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
J. Liew ◽  
A. E. Drummond ◽  
M. E. Jones ◽  
M. Poutanen ◽  
J. K. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Abnormal Pattern ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
Reproductive Phenotype

Aromatase, the product of the Cyp 19 gene, converts androgens to estrogens. The role of estrogens within the ovary has recently been revisited; using the aromatase knockout (ArKO) mouse, we investigated the effect of estrogen deficiency on ovarian function. We now have an aromatase overexpressing (AROM+) female mouse model with elevated levels of estrogens. These mice were fertile and bred with FVB/N wildtype (WT) males, the AROM+ male being infertile. In this study we characterised the reproductive phenotype of the female AROM+ mouse. 5 WT and 10 AROM+ mice, 22–27 weeks of age were used in the study. The mice were subject to vaginal smears and killed during estrus. The ovaries, uterine horns and gonadal fat were collected and weighed. One ovary and the uterine horns were fixed in formalin for histological assessment, while the other ovary was snap frozen in Ultraspec solution for RNA isolation and gene expression studies. Serum was collected for hormone measurements. All AROM+ mice exhibited an abnormal pattern of cycling that in general, alternated between estrus and post-estrus. AROM+ mice were significantly heavier than their WT counterparts (WT 35.28 ± 2.89 g v. AROM+ 43.38 ± 2.11 g, P < 0.05). Ovarian, uterine and gonadal fat pad weights were not significantly different between the 2 groups (ovary: WT 17.4 ± 1.14 mg v. AROM+ 17.9 ± 0.06 mg; uterine horns: WT 89.7 ± 11.40 mg v. AROM+ 92.1 ± 6.64 mg; gonadal fat pads: WT 2.47 ± 0.62 g v. AROM+ 3.46±0.26 g). Histological, gene expression and hormone analyses are in progress. Our preliminary analyses indicated no significant effect of excess estrogen on ovarian, uterine and gonadal fat pad weights, despite the AROM+ mice being heavier. It remains to be determined as to whether the ovaries and uterine horns are histologically normal. Supported by the NHMRC (Regkeys 241000, 338510, 198705)

scholarly journals Role of innate immunity-triggered pathways in the pathogenesis of Sickle Cell Disease: a meta-analysis of gene expression studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidossessi Wilfried Hounkpe ◽  
Maiara Marx Luz Fiusa ◽  
Marina Pereira Colella ◽  
Loredana Nilkenes Gomes da Costa ◽  
Rafaela de Oliveira Benatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

scholarly journals Sti1 and Cdc37 Can Stabilize Hsp90 in Chaperone Complexes with a Protein Kinase

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1785-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lee ◽  
Arsalan Shabbir ◽  
Christopher Cardozo ◽  
Avrom J. Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinase Domain ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
Kinase Pathway

Hsp90 functions in association with several cochaperones for folding of protein kinases and transcription factors, although the relative contribution of each to the overall reaction is unknown. We assayed the role of nine different cochaperones in the activation of Ste11, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. Studies on signaling via this protein kinase pathway was measured by α-factor-stimulated induction of FIG1 or lacZ, and repression of HHF1. Several cochaperone mutants tested had reduced FIG1 induction or HHF1 repression, although to differing extents. The greatest defects were in cpr7Δ, sse1Δ, and ydj1Δ mutants. Assays of Ste11 kinase activity revealed a pattern of defects in the cochaperone mutant strains that were similar to the gene expression studies. Overexpression of CDC37, a chaperone required for protein kinase folding, suppressed defects the sti1Δ mutant back to wild-type levels. CDC37 overexpression also restored stable Hsp90 binding to the Ste11 protein kinase domain in the sti1Δ mutant strain. These data suggest that Cdc37 and Sti1 have functional overlap in stabilizing Hsp90:client complexes. Finally, we show that Cns1 functions in MAP kinase signaling in association with Cpr7.

Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer: Cisplatin Doublets Only?

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Morgensztern ◽  
Ramaswamy Govindan
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Selection Of

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality world-wide. Despite adequate resection, more than half of patients die of recurrent disease, usually at distant sites. Adjuvant systemic chemotherapy is mainly used to eradicate micrometastatic disease. Since the seminal 1995 meta-analysis from earlier studies showed a trend toward improved survival with the use of cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy, several randomized prospective adjuvant trials have addressed this question and eventually established the role for platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II or IIIA non–small cell lung cancer who have undergone complete resection. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage I disease remains controversial. Although no clinical or molecular predictors of recurrent disease after surgical resection are reliable, encouraging preliminary data on gene expression studies suggest that identifying, and perhaps treating, only patients at high risk for relapse might be possible in the near future. Furthermore, molecular predictors of resistance may guide the selection of chemotherapy in this setting.

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